Lesson1Findingfossilman

發現化石人

Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5,000yearsagointheNearEast,wherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.

Buttherearesomepartsoftheworldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheir

historyistorecountitassagas——legendshandeddownfromonegenerationofstorytellerstoanother.Theselegends

areusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongago,butnonecouldwrite

downwhattheydid.AnthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestorsofthePolynesianpeoplesnowlivingin

thePacificIslandscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2,000

yearsago.

Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagas,iftheyhadany,areforgotten.So

archaeologistshaveneitherhistorynorlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirst'modemmen'camefrom.

Fortunately,however,ancientmenmadetoolsofstone,especiallyflint,becausethisiseasiertoshapethanother

kinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodandskins,butthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecay,andsothetools

oflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.

ROBINPLACEFindingfossilman

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語

recount/ri,kaunt/v.敘述/4rei'kaunt/再數一次record/，rek[d//ri'kC:d/第一個音節帶重音，名前動后敘述：

recount:emotionless

重復

describe

depict：alittleemotional

narrate：temporal&spacial根據時間或空間順序描述。

portray：描述

saga/'sa:g[/n.英雄故事

描述的內容mostlyreal北歐海盜活動的故事

legend/'ledV|nd/n.傳說，傳奇

unreale.grobinhood

anthropologist/"AnWrfpCItdVist/n.人類學家

anthrop：人

philosophere:philo+sopher|愛+智慧=哲學家

philanthropist:慈善家（對人有愛心的人）

anthropology:人類學

帶?gy結尾的都是學科：biology生物學geography地理學ecology生態學

remote/ri'm[ut/n.遙遠

ancestor/uAnsest[/n.祖先

an

在前面

forefather,forebear,predecessor祖先

rot/rCt/v.爛掉

leavemerot.=leavemealong

rottodeath.

soonripe,soonrotten.

decay國家民族逐漸衰亡decompose逐漸衰竭deteriorate關系逐漸惡化

trace/treis/n.痕跡，蹤跡

tracetheproblem

ifollowyourtrace=ifollowwhereyougo

Polynesia波利尼西亞

poly-多

polyandric:awifewithmorethanonehusbandpolygeny:ahusbandwithmorethanonewife

flint/flint/n.燧石flintinghearted

fossil/

4fCsl/n.化石cobble鵝卵石Notesonthetext

課文注釋readof讀到

談至：speakof,talkof,knowof,hearof

neareast：近東mediterranean,southeurope,northafricfareast

非限定性從句，表原因

oral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage,precede:什么在什么之前，不用比較，直接跟名詞

counterpart:twothingsortwopeoplehavethesamepositionoral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittencounterpart.

preserve:保留，保存(腌制)如果句中有only,那后面的表語結構就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.

storyteller:講故事的人

fortuneteller,palmreader:算命先生

migration：移民

1]migrant

2]immigrantv.migrate:遷移，遷徙migratorybird:候鳥none:nobodypeople+s民族iftheyhadany:即便是有

hisrelatives,ifhehad

any,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.

findout千方百計，費盡周折=exploremodernmen:themenwhowerelikeourselveshowever-

anywhereyouwant,力口逗號

but,yet一不力H標點，onlyatthebeginningofthesentencetherefore—自由

so—自由

tool:小工具instrument:實驗器械equipment:設備

shape:成型；教育，改造mayalsohave:表推測peel:果皮

leathe亡皮革

hide:獸皮

cowhide:牛皮

without(any)trace:無影無蹤

Lesson2Sparethatspider

別傷害蜘蛛

Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsinclude

someofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;they

woulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eating

animals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthe

numberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtous

orourbelongings.

Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostata

glanceforaspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.

Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?Oneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersin

agrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre,thatis

somethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearin

killinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungry

creatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedby

spidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.

T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListener

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語

flocksandherds牛群和羊群

/flCk/

thebirdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分

youarethesameflock.也可指人

herd多指牛群

cowherdcowboy

throngandcrowdswarm

owe/[U/vt.感激，欠

ioweyou.

ioweyouabigfavor.

欠issueobligeindebtappreciate——常用口語詞正式：gratefulthankful

beast/bi:st/n獸

形容人野蠻無比，不能用animal形容

creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性.

fraction/7frAkF[n/n.小部分

分數，小數

afractionofricewillsufficeonone'sbehalf代表...利益

Ibeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是為你好onbehalfofsomebody/something

e.gonbehalfofChinesegovernment

onbehalfof=represent

authority/C:'WCriti/n.權威

authorize批準

authoritative權威性的

authoritarian獨裁的

-tarian帶有這種詞綴的詞都是壞詞dictator獨裁者

dictatorial獨裁的

authorities1.權威（可單數可復數）

2.當局（復數）

census/sensfs/n.統計數據

thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.

censor審查,censorious挑剔的，挑刺的

acre/'eik[/n.英畝

1acre=4047squaremeters

footballpitch足球場

footballyardfootballcourtfootballfieldbecontentwith滿足于

滿足作表語，不能出現定語結構

Heiscontentwithstatusquo.

contentedheart:心滿意足的人

spare/spZ[/v,不傷害，寬恕

sparemeHedoesn'tsparehimself.Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.（sparenoefforts:不遺余力作什么）

Notesonthetext

課文注釋

why,youmaywonder-youmaywonderwhy插入語

先不管插入語，弄清句子結構

youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeourfriends?插入語位置不固定

why以疑問句開頭

why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpollutionbefallshumanbeings,why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriendsisso

kindhearted.

destroy程度比damage要重得多，片中不留，消滅光

tearintopiecesgreatestenemies:天敵dyingenemy

cryingenemy

dearenemyhumanrace:人的種族，一般不加復數，表示一個總稱詞

impossible和possible永遠不要以人開頭

Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosomething,likely可以以人做主語。iamlikelytogo.

probable也不以人做主語

theywould表示假設

devour狼吞虎咽devourthefood

makeacakeofmyself

makeagodofmyself

devourthebookit虛擬語氣

前面是主句，下面是條件句前面一般的加動詞devour,后面用一般過去時

Ifitwerenotfor:如果這不是因為

Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp,butfor——定是虛擬語氣=ifitwerenotfor

owe感激，欠ioweyou.

引出主題

allofthemputtogether:把他們堆至U一起

謂語動詞是killdestroyed后置定語，重心轉到spider

Lesson3Matterhornman

馬特霍恩山區人

Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,the

morehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswere

lookingfortheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifithadneverbeen

attainedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilous

nature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutof

theirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoal-thetop!

Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.Exceptforoneortwoplacessuchas

ZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlements

cutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;thefood

simplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftena

valleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould—sometimeswiththelocalpriest(who

wasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheesemakers.Invariablythebackgroundwas

thesame:dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersandsleeping

betweenfinelinensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語

1、alpinist(1.1y^lpinist/n.登山運動員

climber

mountaineer

詞根：alp

Alps(L16)/$lps/n.阿爾卑斯山脈Alpine。.9)/$lpain/adj.阿爾卑斯山的

2、attain(1.4)/+,tein/v.到達

togetto

toarriveat/in

toattainone'sgoal=realize

toattainthetop/peak/summit達到頂點attainyouth永葆青春

attainment(n)attainments成就accomplishment

3、perilous。.5)/'peril+s/adj.危險的peril

(隨時可能出現的)危險avalanche雪崩

4、shudder(1.5)/，M］d+/v.不寒而栗

shudder:quickandsudden

tremble:longandveryobvious

quiver:excitement,maybecold

shiver:coldandnervous

5、gooutofone'sway

專門bytheway順路

toomuchforme受不起

6、court(multiplemeanings多義詞)

1］朝廷

朝臣courtier

2］courteous彬彬有禮的

3］法庭

4］娛樂場足球場soccer/footballcourt高爾夫球場golfcourt

5］追求

6］招致

驕兵必敗pridecourtsfailure

7、solitary(1.by^&lrt+ri/adj.唯一的

sol-獨solo獨唱

獨奏

solitude孤獨

Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.

8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+5n+/v.開辟，倡導；n.先鋒，開辟者

9、impoverish。1.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v.使貧困poor(口語詞)

羅素名言：Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecure

completeruinfortheirrivahhencepresentleveloftaxation.

許多人會高興的面對貧困，如果他們能使對手落魄，因此出現了現在的稅收水平。

10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj.粗劣的

coarsethroat嗓子啞sorethroat

嗓子發炎coarsefare

粗糧

refinedfair細糧

coarseandrefined

inacoarsemanner粗暴無禮

11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v.自恃有

用法：以人作主語，夸耀；以物作主語，擁有

Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.

Thecenterboastsateamofhighqualify(qualifiedresearchers.)

12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n.教區居民

parish教區

13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n.牧羊人she叩用shep

羊

herd

獸群

14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n.亞麻布床單

Notesonthetext

課文注釋

1、Route

路線

Road

道路

2>goodsportsstimulus刺激thrilling震撼、興奮

3、regard

regardsbwithsth(感情詞love\hatred\horror\respect)Dad,Iregardyouwithhorror.爸爸，我很害怕你。

4、pineeringdays,ancient(先人時期)

5^notatall根本不case這回事

6^bedoing表達當時的行動(狀態)

7、top:頂點summit山頂peak山頂

Thesceneryisatthepeakof

themountain.無限風光在險峰。

Iamatthetopoftheworld.我在世界之巔°Summitmeeting峰會

8、attain

到達conquer征服

9^beofthemostperilousnature

nature

特點、特性

themostperilousdifficultiesanddangers

學會beofthe+adj+noun

結構Heisthekindestman.=Heisthemanofthekindestman.

10、equipped表示當時的一種伴隨。

IKinamanner以這樣的方式

12、makesbdosth

(省to結構)

13、atthethought一想到，mention一提到,idea一想到這個結構后面加介詞of

原文即atthethoughtoftheirpoorequipment

14、gooutofone'sway亥ij意intentionally

eyecatching引人注目的

15thereallivingconditions真實生存狀況

16、nowadays插入語，現在回想起來，可在句首、句末

17、exceptfor把其中的一部分扣除

18、tendtobe傾向于

19、settlement生存地、駐扎地

20>cutoff=whicharecutoff

21、flearidden跳蚤

22、astheywere可以這么說，插入語

還有asitwere

Thisbookis,asitwere,hislifeportrait.

這本書，可是說，是他的人生寫照。

23、local當地的

24、wine低度酒alcohol酒精alcoholic酒鬼

25、boast擁有priest牧師shepherd牧羊人

invariably=allthesame

26、dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable（結構不符合習慣，不可學）

27>course一道菜

28、musthavebeen表推測

29、beaccustomedto,beusedto+名詞、動名詞

IamusedtothelifeinBejing.

IamusedtolivinginBejing.

30、早餐：scratchameal

中午餐：snack快餐

晚餐：dinner

31、thechangeto

Educationbringsgreatchangetohisoutlook/viewonlife.

教育使他的面貌（對生活的看法）產生了很大變化。

Lesson4Seeinghands

看手

IntheSovietUnionseveralcaseshavebeenreportedrecentlyofpeoplewhocanreadanddetectcolourswiththeir

fingers,andevenseethroughsoliddoorsandwalls.Onecaseconcernsan

'eleven-year-oldschoolgirl,VeraPetrova,whohasnormalvisionbutwhocanalsoperceivethingswithdifferent

partsofherskin,andthroughsolidwalls.Thisabilitywasfirstnoticedbyherfather.Onedayshecameintohis

officeandhappenedtoputherhandsonthedoorofalockedsafe.Suddenlysheaskedherfatherwhyhekeptso

manyoldnewspaperslockedawaythere,andevendescribedthewaytheyweredoneupinbundles.

Vera'scurioustalentwasbroughttothenoticeofascientificresearchinstituteinthetownofUlyanovsk,nearwhere

shelives,andinAprilshewasgivenaseriesoftestsbyaspecialcommissionoftheMinistryofHealthofthe

RussianFederalRepublic.Duringthesetestsshewasabletoreadanewspaperthroughanopaquescreenand,

strangerstill,bymovingherelbowoverachild'sgameofLottoshewasabletodescribethefiguresandcolours

printedonit;and,inanotherinstance,wearingstockingsandslippers,tomakeoutwithherfoottheoutlinesand

coloursofapicturehiddenunderacarpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatherkneesandshouldershadasimilar

sensitivity.DuringallthesetestsVerawasblindfold;and,indeed,exceptwhenblindfoldshelackedtheabilityto

perceivethingswithherskin.Itwasalsofoundthatalthoughshecouldperceivethingswithherfingersthisability

ceasedthemomentherhandswerewet.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語

1、Perceive

察覺，瞬間感覺到的

tomakeout費盡心機辨出

Ilookedthoroughlyformyelderlymother,finallyImakeherout.Yeah,Iremembered,Ifinallymakehimout.

Iperceiveaflyinmyteacup.

2、elbowone'sway（用肘）擠出

elbowone'swayoutofthecrowed.擠出人群Notesonthetext

課文注釋Flash中沒有詳細講解

Lesson5NoRoomindieArk

諾亞方舟無容身之地

ThegorillaissomethingofaparadoxintheAfricanscene.Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.Forahundredyears

ormorehehasbeenkilled,captured,andimprisoned,inzoos.Hisboneshavebeenmountedinnaturalhistory

museumseverywhere,andhehasalwaysexertedastrongfascinationuponscientistsandromanticsalike.Heisthe

stereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks,andanobvious（thoughnotperhapsstrictly

scientific）linkwithourancestralpast.

Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofoneina

wildstate,nozoologist,howeverintrepid,hasbeenabletokeeptheanimalundercloseandconstantobservationin

thedarkjunglesinwhichhelives.CarlAkeley,theAmericannaturalist,ledtwoexpeditionsinthenineteen-twenties,

andnowliesburiedamongtheanimalshelovedsowell.Butevenhewasunabletodiscoverhowlongthegorilla

lives,orhoworwhyitdies,norwasheabletodefinetheexactsocialpatternofthefamilygroups,orindicatethe

finalextentoftheirintelligence.Allthisandmanyotherthingsremainalmostasmuchamysteryastheywerewhen

theFrenchexplorerDuChaillufirstdescribedtheanimaltothecivilizedworldacenturyago.TheAbominable

SnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語

(goodarticle:fivestars該文寫得不錯。)

the+n.(s)表示一類:thegorilla(s)

scene場景

intheAfricanscene:Africaasthebackgroundgatherpalace聚集地

somethingofaparadox自相矛盾(人對猩猩的觀點)contradictoryideasabouthim

主題句：Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.

I訶題：Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.

Theirideasvary。人們對他的觀點相差很大。

Forahundredyearsormore一百年甚至更多(包括一百年)

Formorethanonehundredyears一百多年

西方，動物一般用人稱代替。本文中，gorillas用him代替。另外有：

cat-she,dog-he.

imprisoned關起來圈養

bemountedinnaturalhistorymuseums陳列在自然歷史博物館

重點句型：

Heexertastrongfascinationupon(on)Sb.施加給人們強大的魅力

exert...on...

施加(壓力)

impose…on…，例如imposeinfluenceon,imposepressureon

上句可表示為HehaveastrongfascinationforSb.

或ThegorillaisalwaysfascinatingtoSb.

alikeadv.相同,一樣adj.只能做表語。例如:

Thetwoarealike.這兩人真像。

形容詞只要以a開頭，99.99%都做表語。不能做定語詞。例如：asleep,awake,afloat

Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks,stereotyped-oldtime老樣子horrorfilms

恐怖片

film(英)movie(美)

thestereotypedmonster經典模式省略主語and(heis)anobvious(...)linkwithourancestralpastlinkwith...

與…相聯系

ourancestralpast

(n.)

throughnotperhapsstriklyscientific

盡管話說回來，不是嚴格的科學概念

through引導的從句主語和主句相同，可以省略。

Eg:Iarrivedatthemeeting,though(Iwas)late.

Yet與however,表示轉折，意思完全相同。但yet用在句首，however加標點，可以用在自由位置。

重要句型：

Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofonein...Takepicture/photograph照相

ofone

定語后置，satisfactoryphotographofone。主要是為了句子的平衡。One指gorillainawildstate在野生狀態下

keepthe...under...observation把某事處于觀察之下

keepthecityclean保持城市清潔

closeandconstantobservation持續不斷的觀察

Eg:Ihavetokeeptheboyunderclosecontrol.Tocontroltheboyverystrikly.

插入語：howeverintrepid=nomatterhowintrepid無論多么英勇

Eg:Noman,howeverintelligent,isperfect.

Nopalace,howeverpeacefulandtranquil,isaparadise,liesburiedhereamongtheanimalshelovedsowell埋葬在

他而鐘愛的動物中間

形容詞做狀語：lieawake,liecrouched

lifespan壽命

howlong由egorillalives因為猩猩的壽命客觀存在，所以live用一般現代時。Organ'sdecay器官衰竭

Nor引導否定并列句，與unable并列生活方式：groupliving,individualliving智力：intelligence-IQ,

intelligenceqoutientCIA-theCentralIntelligenceAgencyofAmerica

CID-CriminalinvestigationDivision重案組，罪犯調查科

Allthisandmanyotherthingremain(amostasmuch)amystery(as)theywere,asmuchas同thesameas

...remainamysterythesameastheywere.

Heisasmuchamusicianasawriter.=Heisbothamusicianandawriter.

civilizedworld文明世界

savagedworld野生世界

civilized:togetawayfromwildlife

中文中的“文明單位”不能用civilized,應該用model或pacesettingunit

rmapacesoldieryo我是排頭兵。

TheAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.那縈繞

在喜馬拉雅山爬山者腦海中的那種令人難以捉摸的雪人，看起來也不一定比我們研究的大猩猩更加令人費

盡心思。(通過側面比較，引出結論，一種有用的寫作方法)

AbominableSnowman作比較，省略gorilla

Lesson6Youth

青年

Peoplearealwaystalkingabout'theproblemofyouth4.Ifthereisone—whichItakeleavetodoubt-thenitisolder

peoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafter

allhumanbeings-peoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:

theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:andmaybethatis

wheretherubis.

WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertain-thatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwould

havebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Foronething,beingaproblemgives

youacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.

Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomean

ambitionsorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.All

thisseemstometolinkthemwithlife,andtheoriginsofthings.It'sasiftheywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsin

violentanlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybe

conceited,illmannered,presumptuousoffatuous,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectfor

elders—asifmereagewereareasonforrespect.Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,if

Ithinkheiswrong.

Newwordsandexpressions

生詞短語

sb.takeleavetodosth.允許某人做某事，冒昧做某事

getdowntosth.

認真研究

getdownto+名詞/動名詞

glorious光輝燦爛的

rub難題

teenager青少年

foronething原因之一，有一點是…

連接詞foranotheridentity

身份

airoffreedom無拘無束air:神態、氣勢

dreary沉郁的

ambition追名逐利

cosmicbeing宇宙人humanbeing人

violent強烈的，暴力的

suburban見識不廣的，有偏見的

conceited自高自大的

presumptuous自以為是的，放肆的

fatuous愚蠢的

cliche陳詞濫調

Itakeleavetosay...

我冒昧地說….

Itakeleavetobefrank

恕我直言。口語：maybeTmtoobold...

or.

I'mboldenough...or.

Allow

myself

tosay...

Takeone'sleave=takeleave離開（正式用法）

Wouldyoupleasetakeyourleave?

我很煩的幾種表示法：

Whatabore.Whatanuisance.

Whatatrial

Whatajerk.

getdownto+名詞/動名詞

例：我開始學習了。

Igetdowntomystudies.

Igetdowntolearningmybook,to

介詞

同義詞：beengagedin

glorious

gloryn.光榮

（rosy,shining,brilliant,magnificent,gorgeous）

inone飛glory:在某人的鼎盛時期

inone'sday

inone'sgoldendays

inone'sprimetime

intheprideofone'slife

rub摩擦

atodds有矛盾

havewordswithsb.和…拌嘴

Doyougettherub?

Doyougetthepicture?Doyoucatchme?

Doyougetme?

What'stherange?問年齡

Teenager14到

Underthirteen.Adolescent:13至！J

Juvenile青少年

Youth20至I」

Air:神態（多用復數）Healwaysputsonairs.擺譜

Arrogantairs:

傲氣

Bureaucraticairs:官氣

Finickyairs嬌氣

Dreary同:drearisomea.無味，無聊

Sterile:枯燥無味

Monotonous:乏味無聊

Gloomy：沉悶

Lifeless:無生氣的

Ihaveambitionforgoingabroad/togaoabroad.Fish...(wealthandfame)

Chase...(fameandgains)Pursue...

Cosmic宇宙

Cosmonaut宇航員=astronaut

Astro-/aster天體

DisasterCosmicplace:大都市Metropolis:大都市

Violentnonviolence非暴力狂風：violentwind

暴死：violentdeathvehement猛烈的

同義詞：turbulent

tumultuous

suburb郊區

urbane:有禮貌的short-sighted目光短淺的

narroe-minded/small-minded

insular絕緣，目光短淺的provincial

conceited自高自大的

驕傲的conceit(n.)

pride自豪

big-headed頭發脹的cocky自負的

chicken膽小鬼sweller月彭脹的over-confidentpeoplearealwaystalkingabout4theproblemofyouth9.Aretalking

到目前為止一直討論

，theproblemofyouth'加引號，弓I用。

?whichItakeleavetodoubt插入語”我冒昧的說“，表示懷疑

?Ifthereisany,同樣表示懷疑

straightforward開門見山

itisolderpeoplewhocreatit.一強調句

letus(speakerexclusive)-Let's(speakerinclusive)

getdowntofundamentalsfundamental=basic基本的

fundamentalist信奉正統基督教的人

afterall-退一步

like一(介詞)省略了謂語arepeoplearejustlijetheirelders

gloriousfuture光輝的未來

splendidFulure光輝的未來(己過去的，對老年人而言)

wheretherubis癥結所在，問題就出在這

hatred:憎恨

ironical諷刺的，用反語的uncertain后面省略用法

Iwouldhavebeen虛擬語氣

Something重要的東西

Youaresomebody.你是重要人物