8BUnit6知識點歸納1.traina.動詞“鍛煉，訓練，培養”e.g.①Heistrainingtobeadoctor.②Thedogistrainedinhelpingblindman.b.名詞“火車，列車”e.g.IgotupsolatethatIdidn’tcatchthetrainthismorning.c.有關短語：betrainedin在…方面接受訓練trainas+某身份為成為….而訓練trainfor為….而訓練gointotraining從事鍛煉；參與訓練trainoneself訓練自已It’snecessarythatyoutrainyourselfbeforethewalkHetrainedasateachertwoyearsago.d.trainingn.訓練，培訓atrainingcenter訓練中心，培訓中心trainern.教練，馴獸師辨析：train，drill,exercise,practiceTrain用于思想人格方面的訓練Drill常用于技術方面的訓練Exercise鍛煉心智和體力的訓練Practice指不停反復的“實踐”2.It’smeaningfultodosth.meaningfuladj.故意義的meaninglessadj.沒故意義的meaningn.意思,含義,意義e.g.Doyouknowthemeaningofthisword?It’smeaningfultodonatemoneytoProjectHope.Meana.吝嗇的,小氣的；刻薄的[(+about/over/with)]Don'tbesomeantoyourlittlebrother!Herhusbandisverymeanaboutmoney.b.意思是；打算；意味Imeantocallonyoutomorrow.Whatdoesthiswordmean?Becomingamillionairedidn'tmeananendtohismoneyworries.c.有關短語：meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事bemeanabout/over/withsth在某方面小氣3.needa.行為動詞“需要”，一般不用進行時，可用句型：①needsthe.g.Ineedacupoftea.②need(sb)todosthe.g.Ineedyoutocleantheclassroom.③sthneeddoing=sthneedtobedonee.g.Theclassroomneedscleaning.=Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.b.情態動詞，無人稱或數的變化，多用于否認句和疑問句。變疑問句時，直接把need提前，變否認句用neednot或needn’t。NeedIhandinmyhomeworknow?Weneednotpayforthedrinks.Theyarefree.c.needn.需求，需要inneed“出于需要狀態”Wehavenoneedtobeafraidofthem.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Wearedonatingmoneyforchildreninneed.4.needsomemorefoodMore在此是adj.修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。another+數詞+n.=數詞+more+n.（more在此表達“額外的，此外的”）e.g.Let’sfindtwomorepeopleforourteam.5.Idon’tthink---否認前移6.adisabledpersondisabledadj.殘疾的disabilityn.殘疾，勞動能力喪失thesick,elderlyanddisabled老弱病殘7.anelderlypersonelderlyadj.年老的theelderly老年人the+adj：表達一類人thepoor,therich,thehomeless8.ahomelesspersonhomelessadj.無家可歸的聯想：helpless,hopeless,careless9.deafpeopledeafadj.聾的deafnessn.聾deafenv.使聾，震耳欲聾deaf-mute聾啞者deaf-aid助聽器turnadeafearto對…充耳不聞Theyareasdeafasthosewhowon’thear.充耳不聞blind:adj.瞎的(blind的主語是人而不是眼睛)turnadeafeyeto/beblindto對….視而不見goblind失明blindnessn.失明theblind盲人10.helpthemcrosstheroad注：cross(動詞)---across(介詞)HelpsbdosthHelpsbwithsthhelp(to)dosthaskforhelphelpfulhelpless11.It’s+adj+todosth.做…是….It’shardtolearnalanguage.12.Iwantyoutohelpme.wantsthwanttodosthwantsbtodosth13.Arethereanyotherwaystohelpthem?①anyother,“任何其他的”，背面可接名詞單數和復數，區別在于1.後接單數可數名詞時，表達在某一范圍內，除了sb/sth以外的任何別的sb/sth；2.後接復數名詞時，表達在某一范圍內，除了sb/sth以外的任何剩余的sb/sth的所有。Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.Doyouhaveanyotherideas?假如表達在不一樣范圍內倆個人/物的比較，用anyother+單數名詞ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.（相似范圍）ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinOceania.（不一樣范圍）②Way的使用方法：“方式，措施agreat/goodwaytodosth=agreat/goodwayofdoingsth“做某事的一種好方式”thebestwaytodo/ofdoingsth“做某事的最佳方式”Reading1.whattoexpect期待什么expecttodosthexpectsbtodosthexpectthatHunterexpectsthatshewillcome.Anyonecan’texpecttolearnaforeignlanguageinaweek.2.volunteerfortheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGames為夏季殘奧會做志愿者volunteerv.志愿做，義務做n.志愿者volunteertodosth義務做某事，積極做某事volunteerforsth3.themostamazingexperienceofhis他生活中最難忘的經歷Experiencen.經歷（可數）；經驗（不可數）表達做某事的經驗，其後一般接in[of]doingsth。Hehashadmanyyears’experiencein[of]wheatplanting/plantingwheat.v表達“體驗”“經歷”等，Thechildhadneverexperiencedkindness.這孩子從未受過善待。Heexperiencedgreathardshipsforthefirsttimeinhislife.他有生以來第一次體驗到巨大的艱苦。4.necessaryadj.必須的，必要的n.必需品unnecessary不必要的，多出的Ifnecessary假如有必要benecessaryfor必須，有..必要It’snecessaryforsb.todosth.5.athleten.運動員athleticadj.強健的，運動的athleticn.田徑運動會，體育運動6.coachn.教練v.訓練，指導footballcoachheadcoach總教練，主教練assistantcoach助理教練7.givesbachancetodosth給某人一種機會做某事Chancen.機會=opportunityMissachanceachancetodosthachanceofdoingsthbychance偶爾byanychance萬一8.Event(運動)比賽項目；大事ahistoricaleventasocialeventintheeventof倘若，萬一intheeventthat倘若，萬一It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.9.similaradj.相似的，類似的(無比較級和最高級)besimilarto與……相似，與……類似besimilarin在某些方面相似MostofthemserveXinjiangfood,whichisverysimilartothefoodsheeats.10.giveupsth/givesthup放棄某事giveitupgiveupdoingsth放棄做某事giveup屈服11.bebornwith生來具有……beborntodo生為……Shewasborntosucceed.12.takepartin參與joininjoin13.not…but…不是…而是…14.gettodosth有機會做某事補充：getto逐漸15.achieveone’sdream=realizeone’sdream=makeone’sdreamcometrue實現某人的夢想achievevt.實現，到達achievementn.成就，成績achieveadj.可以完畢的16.goldn.金；金牌silvern.銀；銀牌Speechissilver,silenceisgold.能言是銀，沉默是金。prizen.獎賞，獎品=awardn.獎品，獎firstprize一等獎NobelPrize諾貝爾獎Pricen.價格Prisen.獎賞，欣賞16.includev.“包括，包括”，背面可接名詞或動名詞Zhuziqing’sworkincludespoetryandprose.①Include,containInclude“包括，包括…在內”，強調容納某東西成為整體的一部分※contain“具有，裏面裝有”，強調某物容納比其更小的東西thepriceofthedictionaryincludespostagecharges.Doesthisboxcontainbiscuits?※Includingprep.“包括，包括”Shehasmanyhobbiesincludingjogging,swimmingandskiing.※Included,include的過去式，表達“包括在內的”，只放于名詞後做定語。Thisisthewholebill,theserviceincluded.=Thisisthewholebill,includingtheservice.17.Tryone’sbesttodosth=trytodosth竭力做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事Haveatry嘗試一下，試一下Trythisway嘗試一下這個措施18.Feellike“感覺像”“摸起來像”Ifeellikeabigfool.Thenewman-madematerialfeelslikerealleather.feellikesth/doingsth想要某事/做某事feellikeoneself“覺得身體狀況正常”Idon’tfeellikemyselftoday.GrammarDonatev.捐獻，捐贈donationn.捐贈品，捐贈物donatemoneytosb為某人捐款raisemoneyforsb為某人籌款Charityn.慈善機構；慈善Charityschool慈善學校charitysale義賣Troublen.麻煩（不可數）Some/little/much/great/notroubleHavetroublewithsthHavetroubleindoingsthGetoutoftroubleGetintroublebeintroublemaketrouble引起麻煩askfortrouble自找麻煩providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersbsth=offersthtosboffertodosth積極提出做某事Integratedskillssavev.存儲，儲蓄；拯救savemoney/time省錢/時saveone’slifeteachsbsth=teachsthtosbteachersbtodosthteachoneself自學not…..anymore“不再，再沒有”相稱于nomore.Ican’tbelieveyouanymore.=Icannomorebelieveyou.※not…..anylonger=nolonger表達時間上不再延續。Iamnotachildanylonger.※not…..anymore.至數量上不再增長或動作不再反復Thebabydidn’tcryanymore.Taskbeillinhospital生病住院inhospital住院inthehospital在醫院（也許在醫院工作或在醫院看病人）haveaseriousblooddisease患有嚴重的血液疾病※Diseasen.疾病泛指多種疾病，尤其指傳染病和重大疾病Thediseaseiscarriedbyrats.※Illness多指難以醫治慢性病或或身體虛弱等影響生活的疾病Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.※Sickness多指暈船、惡心、胃病等等方面的疾病或有關飲食的疾病。Manypeoplediedofhungerandsickness.Operationn.手術operatev.運作，造作operationaladj.運轉正常的，操作上的do/performanoperation做手術Shehadanoperationonhereyes.assoonaspossible盡量快地as+adj./adv(原級)+aspossibleAsforjunkfood,Ithinkyoushouldeataslittleaspossible※as….aspossible可與as….assbcan/couldYoumustcomebackassoonaspossible.=youmustcomebackassoonasyoucan.bothadj.倆者都bebothboth+動詞both….and…bothofBothLinlinandIhavebeentoBeijing.Bothofthesisterslikethebook.6.giveahelpinghand伸出援助之手7.getwell康復【注意】well作形容詞表達身體的健康GrammarIt作形式主語Itis+adj.+that………It做形式主語，真正主語是that引導的從句，adj是用來闡明背面主句的性質特性，常用形容詞有：clear,possible,wrong,sad,necessary,difficult,important,certain,true,surprising…….Itisdangerousthatyoucrosstheroadnow.Itisimportantthatthestudentslearnteamspirit.Itis+adj.+todosthIt做形式主語，動詞不定式todosth是真正主語。ItishappytohelpotherslearnEnglish.Itispossibletofinishitwithinanhour.Itiswrongtolookdownon/uponpoorchildren.Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.Itis+adj.+forsbtodosthIt做形式主語，for引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語sb，adj只是闡明動詞不定式的特性而不是表達人的性質或特性。常用形容詞有：necessary,difficult,important,easy,hard,interesting……Itisnecessaryforpeopletoeatandsleepeveryday.ItisimportantforyoutoreadEnglish.It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosthIt做形式主語，of引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語sb，adj表達動詞不定式主語的特性。常用形容詞有：kind,foolish,nice,silly,generous,clever,careful,selfish等表達心理品質,性格特性的形容詞，某人和這些形容詞可以構成主系表構造。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework.=Youarekindtohelpmewiththework.Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.It+take(sb.)+時間（金錢）+動詞不定式，如：Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.注意：第一種和第二種句式可互換，意思不變。Itisusefultobringamapwithyouwhiletravelling.=Itisusefulthatyoubringamapwithyouwhiletravelling.Itisdangerousforpeopletogohikingalone.=Itisdangerousthatpeoplegohikingalone.Itismeaningfulthatheplantsatreeneartherivereveryyear.=Itismeaningfulforhimtoplantatreeneartherivereveryyear.It作形式主語常見句型動詞不定式，動名詞或主語從句作主語時，一般把它們放在謂語動詞前，而用it作形式主語，放到句首，常見句型有：1.It+be+形容詞+主語從句，如：ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.2.It+be+名詞詞組+主語從句，此類名詞有：afact,apity,ashame,anhonour，aquestion等，如：It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot.3.It+be+過去分詞+主語從句，此類過去分詞有：announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等，如：Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.4.It+不及物動詞(seem,appear,happen等)+主語從句,此類不及物動詞有：appear,happen,seem等，如：Itseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.7.It+be+名詞詞組+動詞不定式，如：Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名詞或形容詞+動名詞，此類名詞和形容詞常常是：good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等，如：It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.實戰演習：1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever2.Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(上海)A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.Isnecessarytotakeo