專題08主旨大意題通關練主旨大意題解題策略名校優選專項通關練【解題策略】主旨大意題是要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎上對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解答此類題型時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如關于title和mainidea類題都需要在閱讀全文的基礎上，結合文化背景知識、語言知識、生活常識等進行邏輯推理和判斷，從而發現文中隱含的信息。從命題形式看：常見的有標題類和主旨大意類。標題類解題策略特點：醒目性：充分引發讀者的閱讀欲望。概括性：準確而又簡短。針對性：標題外延與文章內容剛好相符。方法：1.中心句法：利用主題中心句中的主題詞作標題。2.整合法：將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點、意義或影響整合后作標題。文章大意類解題策略特點：不同體裁文章主題句的常見位置不同，其作用各不相同。位置：首段（新聞報道、說明文、議論文）。起到開宗明義，點明主題，使讀者一開始就明白文章的內容及主旨。末段（記敘文、議論文）。起到照應開頭、總結全文、升華主題的作用。在最后對全文進行概括和總結，進一步明確文章的中心思想，使作者的觀點表達得更清楚。各段：各段主題句整合即文章大意。借助各個段落的主題句，然后對其進行概括和歸納，從而概括出文章的主題或中心思想。。高頻詞：當文章或段落中沒有明確的主題句時，可以從段落中尋找反復出現的高頻詞，即中心詞，也能提煉出文章的主旨大意。線索：記敘文類文章都有一個主線，如，一個有趣的人或一件難忘的事等。全文圍繞該主線組織材料。分析文章的結構，把握文章的主線，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關系，即可歸納出文章的主旨大意。正確選項特征：覆蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段。范圍不大也不小。精確性強，不改變語言的色彩和表達的程度。錯誤選項特征：過于籠統，范圍過大。以偏概全，主次不分。偷換概念，張冠李戴。無中生有，主觀臆斷。【名校優選專項通關練】（2024·浙江杭州·學軍中學校考模擬預測）TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen’spatternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,televisionreducedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen’sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.Themessagesonwhichmostofusrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting1to2hours,whichwaspopularinthenineteenth-century,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10second“soundbite”inbroadcastnews.Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepoliticianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.Inthesesimplifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditionalpoliticalspeechofearlierageshasbeenlost.In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.Inshortvideos,politiciansassert(斷言)butdonotargue.Becausetelevisionisanintimate(親密的)medium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpoliticalstylethatismoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachustoanalyzewordsandprint.However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Television:anAgentofChangeinPolitics B．Television:aPlatformforPoliticalDebateC．Television:anAlternativetoStumpSpeech D．Television:aNewMediumforCommunication【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據第一段“TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen’spatternsofresponsetopolitics.(電視改變了信息傳播的方式，改變了政治運動，改變了公民對政治的反應模式，從而改變了美國的政治)”可知，文章主要說明了電視改變了政治的傳播以及交流形式。如今的政治演講比過去更像廣告。A選項“電視：政治變革的推動者”最符合文章標題。故選A。2.（2024·浙江嘉興·海寧市高級中學校考模擬預測）July2023wastheworld’swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization.UNSecretary—GeneralAntonioGuterressaidinaspeechthattheplanetisenteringan“eraofglobalboiling”.Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanet’sclimate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeantelevisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvolvespumpingsun-blockingparticles(粒子)intotheupperatmosphere.Theparticleswillthenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.ItislikeapplyingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaleUniversity,US,outlinedaplantouse125high-flyingplanestospreadtheparticlesatlatitudes(緯度)of60degreesnorthandsouth.Theparticleswillthentraveltowardthepoles,whichcouldpossiblycoolthetemperaturethereby2℃.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueiscalled“cloudbrightening”,accordingtoChrisSacca,aUSclimateexpert.Thismethodinvolvessendingseasaltparticlesintocloudsabovethesea,makingthemwhiterandthustheyreflectmoresunlightbackintospace.InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitwasofferingsupportforsolarengineeringresearchasawaytoslowtheriseofglobaltemperatures.Accordingtothereport,theUSgovernmentbelievesthatthetechnology“offersthepossibilityofcoolingtheplanetsignificantlyinafewyears”.However,followingthereport,anopenletterbymorethan60scientistscalledforcautionandmoreresearchfirst.KristenRasmussen,aclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity,US,hasbeenstudyinghowthesesun-blockingmethodswillaffectrainfallpatterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfall,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswouldalsobeaffected.“Weneedtobeverycautiousonthis,”RasmussentoldScientificAmerican.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．CoolingOurPlanet B．EraofGlobalBoilingC．PumpingBlockingParticles D．TheTechniqueofCloudBrightening【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據第一段“Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanet’sclimate.(如何給地球降溫一直是困擾科學家的一個問題。他們現在轉向了太陽阻擋技術，這是指將陽光反射回太空，以降低地球氣候的溫度)”可知，文章主要介紹了應對全球變暖的方法——使用這樣技術，即將太陽光反射回太空以降低地球氣候的溫度。A選項“給地球降溫”最符合文章標題。故選A。3.（2023·江蘇無錫·高三無錫市第一中學校考）“Twelveyearsago,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenadiseasewentundiagnosedandwipedoutmymuscularsystem.Ifinallyendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorganfailure.”Kaufmanrecalled,“IwentfromlivingthisbiglifetonotknowinghowIwasgoingtosurvive.Fortunately,onmybirthdayin2009,Ireceivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceatlife!”AftervolunteeringinLosAngeleshospitals,Kaufmanstartedthenon-profit,Ava’sHeart.Sheandherorganizationofferedtransplantpatientsservicesthatwereoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,co-paysonmedicines,andhousing.“WhatIfoundoutwasthatifyoudidn’thavepost-transplant-housing,youcouldn’tgetlistedandadmittedintothehospital,”Kaufmansaid.Sheleanedthatforthenearly110,000peopleintheUSwaitingforalifesavingorgantransplant,itwasnotjustamatterofaddingyournametothelist.Patientsmustbefinanciallysecureandbeabletoaffordtransportation.What’smore,theymustfindaccommodationsneartheirtransplanthospital:Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocations,whichallowsthepatientstoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalduringtheperiodoftheiraftercare,typicallyaboutthreemonthsatnocost.Herorganizationalsohelpsdonorfamilies,whichshethinksmakesthewholecirclecomplete.“Oneorgandonorcansaveeightlivesandthenthere’stissueandskinandeyesandbloodvessels(血管)andsomanyotherthings,”Kaufmansaid.“Thedonoristhewholestory.Withoutthedonor,therearenotransplantcenters,notransplantsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsaretheheroes.”Todate,Ava’sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirlovedoneswhoseorganshavesavedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobuildrelationshipswithdonorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation.Whatmessagedoesthetextmainlyconvey?A．It’sbettertogivethantoreceive.B．Theblessedbeartheheartofgiving.C．Healthmattersmuchmorethanwealth.D．Volunteeringmakestheworldabetterplace.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。由尾段“Todate,Ava’sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirlovedoneswhoseorganshavesavedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobuildrelationshipswithdonorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation.”（迄今為止，Ava’sHeart已經幫助了近90個家庭，為他們的親人支付了喪葬費用，他們的器官挽救了無數生命。考夫曼還與接受捐贈的人密切合作，與捐贈者家庭建立關系，并傳播對器官捐贈重要性的認識。）并聯系全文可知，Kaufman有愛心、懂得感恩，她獲得保佑，獲得了別人捐贈的器官而重獲新生，所以本文的中心思想是“懂得奉獻的人會被保佑”。故選B項。4.（2024·江蘇徐州·高三徐州市第七中學階段練習）Intheanimalkingdom,mimics(模仿)arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillarsresemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesforthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,afterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswereunequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.16．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AnimalMimicry:BuzzoffB．Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwlsC．ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD．ANewTricktoScareAwayOwls【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據第一段中“Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.(他認為，有些蝙蝠會模仿憤怒的蜜蜂，以嚇跑可能會吃掉它們的貓頭鷹。)”以及最后一段中“Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.(根據實驗結果，他因此預測聽覺模仿比目前認識到的要廣泛得多。)”可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究，研究發現一些動物會模仿其他動物的聲音，嚇跑潛在的敵人。A項“動物模仿：（敵人）滾開”符合主題，故選A項。5.（2024上·江蘇揚州·高三揚州中學校考階段練習）Hibernation.....Butspeciesdon’tstayintheircold,sleepingstateforthedurationoftheirdormantperiod.About80percentoftheirenergyisspentintermittently(間歇地)wakingandwarmingup.Whytheydothisis“oneofthegreatestmysteries”ofthefield,saysThomasRuf,aprofessorofanimalphysiologyattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna.Somethinktheyneedtoturnbackontheirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whileothersthinktheymaysimplyawakensotheycansleep.Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians(兩棲動物),reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.Thereisevenatleastonefish—theAntarcticcod—thatslowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming

20timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.Whilebearsmightbethefirstthatcometomind,mostmammalianhibernatorsareonthesmallerside.“Theaveragehibernatorweighsonly70grams,”saysRuf.That’sbecauselittlebodieshavehighsurfaceareatovolumeratios,makingitmoretaxingfor

themtostaywarmincoldweather—sotheyneedtheseasonalenergysavingsmorethanlargeranimals.Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses______.A．whencertainanimalshibernate B．whatkindsofanimalshibernateC．whysomeanimalshibernate D．howanimalshibernate【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據最后一段內容，特別是根據“Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians(兩棲動物),reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.Thereisevenatleastonefish—theAntarcticcod—thatslowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming

20timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.”可知，有的鳥、魚、各種兩棲動物、爬行動物、昆蟲以及很多哺乳動物都會進入冬眠狀態，因此本段主要講的是哪些動物需要冬眠，故B項正確。6.（2024上·湖南長沙·高三長郡中學校考期末）Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheolddays.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeandahalfhours,itslengthisnearlydoublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrateforthatlongandsomeviewersevennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatchingafilmbecomesuchaslog?TheEconomistanalyzedover100,000featurefilmsreleasedinternationallysincethe1930s,thestartofHollywood’sgoldenage,usingdatafromIMDb,amoviedatabase.Theaveragelengthofproductionsrosebyaround24%,fromonehourand21minutesinthe1930stoonehourand47minutesin2022.Forthetenmost-populartitles,theaveragelengthgrewtoaroundtwoandahalfhoursin2022,nearly50%higherthaninthe1930s.Onedriverofthistrendisthatstudioswanttosqueezethemostoutoftheircostlyintellectualproperty(知識產權),buttheyarecompetingwithstreamingplatformsforeyeballs.Thehopeisthataspectacular,drawn-out“event”moviewilldrawaudiencesawayfromthesmallscreenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoff:Avengers:EndgameMarvel’sthree-hoursuperheromasterpieces,wasthehighest-grossing(票房最高的)filmin2019.Lastyearlongmoviesseriesmadeupmostofthehighest-grossingfilmsinAmerica.Anotherexplanationforlongerfilmshastodowithdirectors’growinginfluence.WhowoulddaretellthelikesofMr.Nolantocutouthismasterpieces?Moreover,streamingplatforms,whichdonothavetoworryasmuchaboutthelengthbecauseviewerscanpausewhenevertheylike,mayattractbignamesbypromisingthemsufficientfundandcreativefreedom.Netflixfundedandreleasedthree-hourTheIrishmanin2019,afilmthatwouldhavebenefitedfromadecisiveeditor,Irishorotherwise.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A．MovieEnthusiasts B．MovieMarathonsC．MovieProduction D．MovieInfluence【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Want

toknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheolddays.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeandahalfhours,itslengthis

nearlydoublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefans

struggletoconcentrateforthatlongandsomeviewersevennodoff.

Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatchinga

filmbecomesuchaslog?(想知道你附近的電影院即將上映什么電影嗎？可能不會像過去那樣是一部1.5小時長的電影。10月20日上映的《花月殺手》。該片時長近三個半小時，幾乎是去年平均時長的兩倍。即使是影迷也很難在這么長時間內集中注意力，一些觀眾甚至會打盹。之后，人們瘋狂地沖向廁所。什么時候看電影變成了一件苦差事？)”及下文內容可知，文章主要講述了電影的時長變得越來越長這一現象，并分析了出現這種現象的原因。由此可知，B項“MovieMarathons(電影馬拉松)”適合作本文最佳標題。故選B項。7.（2023·湖南·高三湖南師大附中校考）BenFrancisdidn’tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance(遺產).Instead,theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineandstarthisfitnessapparelcompanyat19.Elevenyearslater,hisadolescentstrategyliterallypaidoff.Francis,30,whohasareportednetworthof$1.3billion,joinedForbes’billionaireslist.He’sinrarecompany:Thelist’saverageageis65yearsold.Originally,Francisandco-founderLewisMorganlaunchedGymsharkasawebsitesellingfitnesssupplements.Butaftergettingfedupwithhisill-fittingclothes,Francissuggestedpivotingthecompany.FrancisandMorganboughtasewingmachine.ThepairbroughtGymsharktoabodybuildingexhibitionin2013.butdidn’thaveanymoneytospendonadvertising.Onawhim(一時興起),theydecidedtogivepopularfitnessYouTubersfreeproducts.“MyheroeswereonYouTube.“Francissaid.“SoitwouldbesocoolifmyheroescouldcometobewithGymsharkatthisevent.Ididn’treallythinkthatmuchaboutit.“Someofthoseinfluencerswentontoweartheapparelontheirchannels,launchingGymshark’sIsalesto$1,000perday,upfromjust$450.FranosquittheCEOrolein2017.“CEOwasnottherightroleformewhenIwasinmyearly20.“Francissaid.“ThatI’dstartedabusinessthathadgrownveryquicklydidn’tmeanIwasthemostcompetentchiefexecutive.“HespentthenextfouryearssupportingleadershiproleswithinGymshark—includingchiefproductofficerandchiefmarketingofficer—tolearnmoreabouttheinsandoutsofthebusiness.before,returningasCEOin2021.Thatyear,thecompanywasvaluedat1.45billion.Still,thecompany’sbillion-dollarvaluationisasmallpercentageofthemarketvalueofcompetitorslikeNikeandLululemon.“IreallythinkGymsharkcanbetheU.K.’sanswertothosebrands,”Francissaid.“Butthat’snotsayingthattheU.K.iswhereitstartsandendsforus.Wealsowanttobeatrulyglobalbrand.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Gymshark:FromawebsitetoabigcompanyB．Francis:FromaPizzaHutdeliveryguytoabillionaireC．Francis:StartingtheU.K.’sfastest-growingcompanyD．Gymshark:Takingtheleadinfitnessclothing【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了BenFrancis從必勝客外賣小哥到億萬富翁、打造運動網紅品牌Gymshark的歷程，文章第一段講到“BenFrancisdidn’tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance(遺產).Instead,theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineandstarthisfitnessapparelcompanyat19.(本·弗朗西斯并不是通過家族遺產致富的。相反，Gymshark的首席執行官兼聯合創始人在19歲時用必勝客外賣員的收入買了一臺縫紉機，創辦了他的健身服裝公司。)”可知，本文的最佳標題是“弗朗西斯：從必勝客外賣員到億萬富翁”。故選B。8.（2024上·湖南衡陽·高三衡陽市八中校考期末）AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,”saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.“Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.”Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust(柴油廢氣)andfilteredairatdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitiveperformanceandsymptomsofdepression,soit’sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesamenetworks,”saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy’sfirstauthor.“Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it’spossiblethattheymayimpair(損害)people’sthinkingorabilitytowork.”Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants’connectivityreturnedtonormalaftertheexposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuinedB．TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunctionC．AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudyD．ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople’sAttention【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.

(英屬哥倫比亞大學(UBC)和維多利亞大學的研究人員進行的一項新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個小時內損害人類的大腦功能。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項新研究，該研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個小時內損害人類的大腦功能。故選B。9.（2023·湖北荊州·高三湖北省松滋市第一中學校考）Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat—especiallyredmeat—inlargequantitiesisn’tgoodforus,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancercorrelatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmoremeat-likeproductsthatmatchtherealthings—makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.Butarethesefakemeatproductsanyhealthierforus?JinanBanna,adietitianandnutritionprofessorattheUniversityofHawaiisaysthatsomefakemeatproductscanbeconsidered“ultra-processed”foods.“Thatmeanstheygothroughmultipleprocessesandhavealotofaddedingredients(配料),”shesaid.“Analternativeburger,forexample,mighthavequiteabitofsodium(鈉),aswellasadditives.”Someoftheseadditivesareonthemarketforawhilebeforethescientificcommunitydeterminesthemtobeharmful,Bannaadded.“Anytimeyouseealonglistofingredients,including‘naturalflavors’,takeitasawarningsign.Inotherwords,eschewproductswithlengthyingredientlists,”saidSofiaPopov,amicrobiomescientistinCopenhagen.“Whoknowswhat’sactuallyinit?”Perhapsconvenienceisthebestargumentforbuyinganalternativemeatproductyoucansimplycookstraightoutofthebox,butsomehealthexpertssuggestotherplant-basedhealthfuloptionscanbesimple,too.Forexample,onabusyday,Bannasaidshewasabletothrowtogetheratempeh(atraditionalsoyaproduct)dishwhichsheputinalittleoil,vinegarandotherseasonings.“Wedefinitelyobtainnutrientsfromanimal-basedfood—ironandzincandothermineralsaswell.Butitalsocontainsfatandcholesterol,soit’sgoodtocontrolourintake,”saidBanna.“Vegetariansubstitutescanbeverytastysoweshouldn’tshyawayfromthem.”Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyIsPlant-basedMeatDying? B．AreFakeMeatProductsGoodForYou?C．FakeMeat:Food’sFutureOrAFashion? D．WhatHappenedToThePlant-basedMeat?【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat—especiallyredmeat—inlargequantitiesisn’tgoodforus,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancercorrelatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmoremeat-likeproductsthatmatchtherealthings—makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.Butarethesefakemeatproductsanyhealthierforus?(大多數健康專家都會同意，大量吃肉——尤其是紅肉——對我們和地球都沒有好處。研究指出，患心臟病和癌癥的風險增加與我們偏重肉類的飲食有關。與此同時，制造商們正忙著生產越來越美味的、更像肉類的產品，這些產品與真正的東西相匹配，這使得從食用動物轉變成一種不需要思考的事情。但是這些假肉制品真的對我們更健康嗎？)”結合文章主要說明了專家指出一些假肉制品可以被認為是“超加工”食品，這種食物對人體有害。由此可知，B選項“假肉制品對你有好處嗎？”符合文章標題。故選B。10.（2023·湖北荊州·高三沙市中學校考階段練習）......AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantumpropertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthateachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol(協議)usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesaclassicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthecustomer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgeneratedbyhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.......WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks. B．Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.C．Whysinglephotonsarenecessary. D．Whatisimportantforonlinetrade.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。根據第四段中“Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthateachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol(協議)usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.(在一項實驗中，研究人員證明了每種交易都是不可復制的。他們用一種使用單光子(一種能量單位)的量子協議取代了經典的晶體學技術。)”以及“Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgeneratedbyhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.(在演示的量子協議中，通過讓支付提供者向客戶端發送特別準備的單光子來生成該密碼。)”可知，本段主要講了量子數字支付是如何工作的。故選A項。11.（2023·黑龍江高三哈爾濱市第一中學校校考）......TheeffortsofRandallandhisstudentshaveearnedGrandvilleHighSchooltheMichiganGreenSchoolcertificationfromthestate.Inadditiontotheirworkreducingwasteinthecafeteria,theGHSGreenTeamhasalsobuiltagardenwithflowersandvegetablesoncampus,andleadscleanupsonsiteandoutinthecommunity.Overtheyears,Randallandhisstudentshavealsobeenworkingonraisingmoneytoinstallsolarpanels(太陽能板)ontheroofofthehighschool.......What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationoftheprojects.B．Thecharacteristicsoftheclub.C．Theactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.D．Thefutureoftheclub.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據第四段內容，“Inadditiontotheirworkreducingwasteinthecafeteria,”、（除了他們減少餐廳廢物的垃圾的工作，）“theGHSGreenTeamhasalsobuiltagardenwithflowersandvegetablesoncampus,”、（theGHSGreenTeam還在校園里建立了有鮮花和蔬菜的花園）“Randallandhisstudentshavealsobeenworkingonraisingmoneytoinstallsolarpanels(太陽能板)ontheroofofthehighschool”，（蘭德爾和他的學生也一直在籌集資金為了在高中屋頂安裝太陽能電池板）可知第四段的主要介紹了這個俱樂部組織的活動有哪些。故選C。12.（2024上·吉林長春·高三東北師大附中期末）MaryDickinshadbeenamemberoftheaudienceatpoetrynightsbeforeandknew“thepoetryclap”.Shemadeapolitetappingoffingers.Butwhenshemadeherdebut(首次演