隧道施工技術(shù)初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)TunnelConstructionTechnologyGeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupport初期支護(hù)的概念1初期支護(hù)的特點(diǎn)2初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)目錄課程小結(jié)4初期支護(hù)的施工流程2TableofContentsGeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportConceptofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupportConstructionProcessofPrimarySupportSummary.動(dòng)畫導(dǎo)入基本措施Basicmeasures鋼筋網(wǎng)Reinforcingmesh鋼拱架Steelsupport錨桿Anchorrod噴射混凝土Shotcrete初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupport初期支護(hù)的概念ConceptofPrimarySupport01依照圍巖分級(jí)，采用開挖狀態(tài)不同，坑道開挖后的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)也不同，從而采取控制穩(wěn)定的技術(shù)措施也不同。Accordingtotheclassificationofsurroundingrocks,thegallery'sstabilityafterexcavationwillbedifferentaccordingtodifferentexcavationstates.Therefore,thetechnicalmeasurestocontrolstabilitywillalsobedifferent.隧道工程Tunnelengineering坑道支護(hù)GallerySupport自支護(hù)Self-support人工支護(hù)Artificialsupport圍巖自身的支護(hù)能力Self-supportingcapacityofsurroundingrocks初期支護(hù)Primarysupport二次襯砌Secondarylining初期支護(hù)Primarysupport噴混凝土Shotcrete錨桿Anchorrod鋼筋網(wǎng)Reinforcingmesh鋼支撐Steelsupport保證隧道在服務(wù)年限中的穩(wěn)定、耐久，以及作為安全儲(chǔ)備的工程措施。Secondaryliningisanengineeringmeasuretoensurethestabilityanddurabilityofthetunnelinitsservicelifeandtoserveasasafetyreserve.二次襯砌Secondarylining初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)初期支護(hù)的概念GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportConceptofPrimarySupport初期支護(hù)的特點(diǎn)CharacteristicsofPrimarySupport02由噴射混凝土、錨桿、鋼筋網(wǎng)等支護(hù)部件進(jìn)行適當(dāng)組合。Isproperlycombinedbyshotcrete,anchorrod,reinforcingmeshandothersupportingcomponents.錨噴支護(hù)Bolt-shotcreteSupport局部加固Localreinforcement整體加固Overallreinforcement一次完成Completedonce分次完成Completedinseveraltimes充分體現(xiàn)“先柔后剛，按需提供”的原則。Fullyreflectstheprincipleof"flexiblefirstandthenrigid,andprovideasrequired".迅速發(fā)揮其對(duì)圍巖的支護(hù)。Quicklyplayitsroleinsupportingsurroundingrocksafterconstruction.靈活性Flexibility及時(shí)性Timeliness初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)初期支護(hù)的特點(diǎn)GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupport噴射混凝土能與坑道周邊的圍巖緊密地粘結(jié)。Theshotcretecanbetightlybondedwithsurroundingrocksaroundthegallery.深入圍巖體內(nèi)部一定深度。Penetrateintothesurroundingrockmasstoacertaindepth.密貼性Tightness深入性Penetration初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)初期支護(hù)的特點(diǎn)GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupport封閉圍巖，阻止了洞內(nèi)潮氣和水對(duì)圍巖的侵蝕作用。Sealsurroundingrockstopreventsmoistureandwaterinthetunnelfromerodingsurroundingrocks.凋節(jié)圍巖變形。Adjustthedeformationofsurroundingrocks.柔性Flexibility封閉性Sealingproperty初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)初期支護(hù)的特點(diǎn)GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupport初期支護(hù)的施工流程ConstructionProcessofPrimarySupport03危石處理Collapserocktreatment初噴砼Initialshotcreting系統(tǒng)支護(hù)施工Systemsupportconstruction放樣安裝鋼拱架Setting-outandinstallationofsteelarches復(fù)噴混凝土Repeatedshotcreting在爆破或者開挖后，巖面有危石情況，我們先要進(jìn)行清理。Afterblastingorexcavation,iftherearecollapserocksontherocksurface,weshallcleanthemupfirst.檢查開挖面超欠挖情況，初噴混凝土封閉巖面。Checktheovercutandundercutoftheexcavationsurface,andsealtherocksurfacewithinitialshotcreting.初噴混凝土后進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)支護(hù)施工（包括錨桿、鋼筋網(wǎng)等等）。Carryoutsystemsupportconstructionafterinitialshotcreting(includinganchorrods,reinforcingmesh,etc.)進(jìn)行施工放樣安裝鋼拱架。Carryoutconstructionsetting-outandinstallsteelarches.復(fù)噴混凝土至設(shè)計(jì)厚度。Carryoutrepeatedshotcretingtothedesignthickness.初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)初期支護(hù)的施工流程GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportConstructionProcessofPrimarySupport課程小結(jié)Summary04初期支護(hù)一般知識(shí)課程小結(jié)GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportSummary

初期支護(hù)是隧道穩(wěn)定主要承載結(jié)構(gòu)，在隧道施工中發(fā)揮著重大作用，隧道初期支護(hù)施工當(dāng)中，工作面很小，工作時(shí)間長，噴射混凝土及錨桿鉆孔產(chǎn)生粉塵，施工環(huán)境較差。Primarysupportisthemainbearingstructurefortunnelstabilityandplaysanimportantroleduringtunnelconstruction.Duringtheconstructionofprimarysupportofthetunnel,workingfacewillbeverysmall,workingtimewillbelong,dustwillbegeneratedfromshotcretingandanchorroddrilling,andconstructionenvironmentwillbepoor.

施工時(shí)，危石應(yīng)清除，腳手架應(yīng)牢固可靠，噴射手應(yīng)配戴必要的防護(hù)用品，工程的順利完成，需要我們同學(xué)們具有吃苦耐勞、連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)的敬業(yè)精神。Duringconstruction,collapserocksshallberemoved,scaffoldsshallbesecureandreliable,andsprayingoperatorsshallwearnecessaryprotectivearticles.ToensurethesmoothcompletionoftheProject,ourstudentsshallhaveahard-working