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關于高考英語閱讀理解之推理判斷題的解題技巧所謂推斷,就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息,推斷出未知的信息,即把有關的文字作為已知部分,從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關文字可能是詞或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。此類考題雖然沒有明確的答案,但考生在理解全文的基礎上可以進行推理和判斷其答案。廣東卷中的推理判斷題主要包括推斷隱含意思、推斷目標讀者、推斷觀點態(tài)度、推斷文章出處、推斷寫作意圖等。尤以推斷隱含意義的題居多。第2頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月第一類推斷隱含意義推斷隱含意義,即要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進行邏輯推理,推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。第3頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月推斷隱含意義的題干中常含infer(推斷),suggest(暗示),imply(暗示),indicate(暗示),conclude(推斷,得出結論)等詞語。常見的題干設題形式如下:1.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.2.Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________.3.Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______.4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.5.Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________.一、常見的設問形式第4頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解答這類題時,首先通過尋讀找到相關信息點(推理的依據(jù));然后細讀、理解相關信息點的字面意義;最后結合語境和常識,在字面意義的基礎上進行符合邏輯的推斷,從而理解作者的言外之意。解答此類題目,需注意以下幾個問題:1.嚴格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進行推理,切忌摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗。2.如果某選項中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡單重復,那它就不是推論,也就不是正確答案。二、解題方法第5頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月3.如果某選項所表達的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗相吻合,文中卻沒有涉及,那它屬于主觀臆斷的結論,也不是正確答案。4.如果某個選項所表達的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正確答案。5.文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞(should,must,may等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,這有助于我們確定正確答案。
6.注意作者在文章中的措辭,比如作者在形容詞前用了too,excessively,rather等,則常帶有否定的意味。第6頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月例
Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute,andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare,aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase(公文包)andstandingbeforemyfull-lengthmirror,repeatingthewords,“Hello,class.I'mMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.Butwhenthedayeventuallycame,mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor,butrathera12-year-oldboy.第7頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromtheParagraph?A.Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass.B.Hewaswell-preparedforhisfirstclass.C.Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass.D.Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass.第8頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解析:
推斷隱含意義題。根據(jù)本段中的“Butwhenthedayeventuallycame,mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.”和“Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor,butrathera12-year-oldboy.”可知本題選C。答案:C第9頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
第二類推斷寫作意圖推斷寫作意圖,即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容推斷作者寫該文章的目的。第10頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月1.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________.2.Thepassageismeantto________.3.Theauthor'spurposeistoshow________.4.Thepurposeofthearticleisto________.一、常見的設問形式第11頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
作者的寫作目的通常有娛樂讀者、說服讀者接受某種觀點和告知讀者某些信息三種。解答此類題時主要有兩種方法:1.主旨推斷法:寫作目的是闡述作者為何要表達某個中心主題,因此可根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫作目的。2.文體推斷法:根據(jù)文體的特點和用途來推斷作者的寫作目的。如記敘文,二、解題方法第12頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
特別是個人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章,其目的是娛樂讀者;夾敘夾議的文章,其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育;廣告和議論文的目的是說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務或接受某種觀點;科普說明文或新聞報告,其目的是告知讀者某些信息。第13頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月例
Coldweathercanbehardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.第14頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.第15頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.解析:
推斷寫作目的題。根據(jù)第一段的中心句(最后一句)可知,這是一篇說明文,其目的是給養(yǎng)寵物的人提一些實用的建議。答案:B第16頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月第三類推斷觀點態(tài)度推斷觀點態(tài)度,即要求考生推斷作者對某人某事的看法或作者所持的觀點。第17頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月1.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______.2.Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________.3.What'stheauthor'sopinionabout...?4.Intheauthor'sopinion...?一、常見的設問形式第18頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和作者的措辭能推斷作者所持的觀點或看法,判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的、主觀的,肯定的、否定的或是中立的。例Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock-watchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardanythingso二、解題方法第19頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月ridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway,thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDr.FredericTrubyKing?A.Heisstrict.B.Heisunkind.C.Hehasthewrongidea.D.Hesetsatimetableformothers.第20頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解析:
推斷作者觀點態(tài)度題。由“I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous(荒謬可笑的)”可知。答案:C第21頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月第四類推斷文章出處推斷文章出處,即通過閱讀材料,感知內(nèi)容,從而推斷材料的來源。第22頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月1.Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________.2.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?3.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?一、常見的設問形式第23頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解答這類推斷題時,可根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容或結構來推斷,也可根據(jù)各種文體的特征來判斷其出處,如廣告的用詞和格式非常特殊,因此容易辨認;報紙的前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱;產(chǎn)品說明的特點也比較明顯,一般會介紹其名稱、作用或操作方式等。例
Themulti-millionpoundnewLibraryofBirmingham(LoB)willbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization(數(shù)字化)ofeverydaylife.二、解題方法第24頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Settoopenin2013,the£188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotakeshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatre,withwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.Asdigitalmedia(媒介)isimportanttoitsidea,theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies.BrianGambles,theLoBprojectdirector,saysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearning.“Theaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital,providing24-hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeople,moreeffectively.”第25頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Thedigitallibrarywill,hesays,beasimportantasthephysicalone,allowingthedistantuseoftheservices,makingsurethatitisneverclosedtothepublic.EvenbeforetheLoBiscomplete,thepublichasbeenabletogoonlinetovisittheVirtual(虛擬的)LoB,designedbyBaden,theBirminghamvirtualworldsspecialists.NotonlyhavethepublicbeenabletolearnabouttheLoB,butthevirtualonehasalsoenabledthoseworkingontheLoBtounderstandthebuildingandhowitwillworkbeforeitevenopens.第26頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月TwoothersmallBirmingham-baseddigitalcompaniesarealsoworkingontheLoBprojects.Substrat,adigitaldesigncompany,isdevelopingwhatitcallsanexampleofan“enlargedreality”project.Itisabouttheuseofanexcitingsmartphone,animportantpartoftheLoBwhichisintheearlystagesofdevelopment.AndThePeople'sArchiveisanonlinelibraryofhistoricalfiguresofthecitybeingbuiltupbyadigitalcontentcompanyinCahoots,inwhichuserswillbeencouragedtoaddtoandcommentonthematerial.第27頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Gamblessays:“Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary'scontentandservicesopentocitizensasneverbefore.”Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom________.A.a(chǎn)computerbookB.a(chǎn)libraryguideC.a(chǎn)projecthandbookD.a(chǎn)newspaperreport第28頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解析:
推斷文章出處。文章開頭用簡短的話概括文章,結尾又有評論,符合新聞報道的特點。答案:D第29頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月第五類推斷目標讀者推斷目標讀者,即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。第30頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月1.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor________.2.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?3.Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________.一、常見的設問形式第31頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解答此類題要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,特別是從作者使用的詞語和口氣來判斷。例
ExploityourparkingspaceAnunusedparkingspaceorgaragecanmakemoney.Ifyoulivenearacitycenteroranairport,youcouldmakeanythingupto£200or£300aweek.Putanadvertisement(廣告)forfreeonLetparkorAtmyhousepark.Rent(出租)aroom二、解題方法第32頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Spareroom?Notonlywillalodger(房客)earnyouanincome,butalso,thankstothegovernment-backed“rentaroom”program,youwon'thavetopayanytaxonthefirst£4,500youmakeperyear.TryadvertisingyourroomonRoomspareorRoommateeasy.MakemoneyduringspecialeventsDon'twantafull-timelodger?Thenrentonashort-termbasis.Ifyouliveinthecapital,rentingaroomoutduringtheOlympicsorotherbigeventscouldbringinmoney.Grashpaddercanadvertiseyourspace.第33頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Forwhomisthetextmostprobablywritten?A.Lodgers.B.Advertisers.C.Houseowners.D.Onlinecompanies.解析:
推斷目標讀者題。文中圍繞如何利用家中閑置的空間來賺取額外的收入進行論述,故其目標讀者應為房主。答案:C第34頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月閱讀下列文段,從題后所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。1.WhenIwasateenager,mymother'sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow,Iseeitdifferently.Tome,mymother'sEnglishisperfectlyclear,perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage,asIhearit,isvivid,direct,andfullofobservationandwisdom.ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings,expressedideas,andmadesenseoftheworld.即學即練第35頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother'sEnglishnow?A.Itconfusesher.B.Itembarrassesher.C.Ithelpsherunderstandtheworld.D.Ithelpshertoleraterudepeople.解析:
推斷隱含意義。由“Butnow,Iseeitdifferently.Tome...andmadesenseoftheworld”可知選C。答案:C第36頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月2.WhenIputonmyflashlights,Iwassayingtootherdrivers,“Ihaveaproblemhere.IamweakanddoingthebestIcan.”Andeveryoneunderstood.Severaltimes,Isawdriverswhowantedtopass.Theycouldn'tgetaroundmebecauseofthestreamofpassingtraffic.Butinsteadofgettingimpatientandangry,theywaited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.Whatdidtheotherdriversdowhentheysawtheflashlights?第37頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月A.Theyspeededuptopass.B.Theywaitedwithpatience.C.Theytriedtheirbesttohelp.D.Theyputontheirflashlightstoo.解析:
推斷隱含意義。由該段中的“Butinsteadofgettingimpatientandangry,theywaited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.”可知選B。答案:B第38頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月3.Sometimessituationscallforustoactstrongandbraveevenwhenwedon'tfeelthatway.Butthosearefewandfarbetween.Moreoften,itwouldbebetterifwedon'tpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared.Inthispassage,theauthoradvisesusto___________.A.handleproblemsbyourselvesB.a(chǎn)ccepthelpfromothersC.a(chǎn)dmitourweaknessD.showourbravery第39頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解析:
推斷隱含意義。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Moreoften,itwouldbebetterifwedon'tpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared.”可知選C。答案:C第40頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月4.However,itwasn'tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadaway,itsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen________.A.theyarecoldtoeachother第41頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月解析:
推斷隱含意義。根據(jù)該段中的“Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.”一句可知選C。答案:CB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theymisunderstoodeachother'ssignalsD.theyareintroducedatanearlyage第42頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月5.Thesignificanceoftheresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets─topeoplewhodon'tgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A.Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B.Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C.Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.第43頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
推斷隱含意義。通讀全文不難判斷:貓狗且能和諧相處,人類有何不可?根據(jù)該段大意可知本題選A。解析:答案:A第44頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月6.Ayearaftergraduation,Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.TeachingwasaprofessionIhadneverseriouslyconsidered,thoughseveralofmystorieshadbeenpublished.Iacceptedthejobwithouthesitation,asitwouldallowmetowearatieandgobythenameofMr.Davis.Myfatherwentbythesamename,andIlikedtoimaginepeoplegettingthetwoofusconfused.“Waitaminute,”
someonemightsay,“areyoutalkingaboutMr.Davistheretiredman,orMr.Davistherespectablescholar?”第45頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
Theauthortookthejobtoteachwritingbecause________.A.hewantedtoberespectedB.hehadwrittensomestoriesC.hewantedtopleasehisfatherD.hehaddreamedofbeingateacher第46頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
推理隱含意義。根據(jù)該段中的“asitwouldallowmetowearatieandgobythenameofMr.Davis.”一句可知選A。解析:答案:A第47頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月7.Providingguidanceforparentsonhowtoraisechildrenisanage-oldtradition.Perhapsthemostwidely-usedguidewasBaby
and
Child
CarebyBenjaminSpock,publishedin1946,oneofthebiggestbest-sellersofalltime.MichaelUngaraddsanewhandbooktoshowhowparentscaninstillintheirchildrenasenseofcompassion(同情),givingpriorityto“we”ratherthanto“me”.Hedrawsonotherauthorities,hisownexperienceasafather,andtheunderstandinghehasachievedfromyears第48頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月ofofferinghelptodisturbedfamilies.Practicalguidanceisofferedonproducingchildrenwhoareresponsibleforthemselvesandothers.Ungarfullyrecognizesthedifficultyofhelpingyoungpeoplemovefromself-centerednesstocaringforotherpeople.Accordingly,heendseachchapterwitha“TipsList”thatofferseffectivesuggestionsonhowtopreparechildrentobecomecompassionatebyengaginginsimpleactsofkindness.第49頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月Theimportanceofassociationswithparentsandotheradultsisexploredintwochaptersthatshowhowrelationshipscanleadtoresponsibility.WhatUngarcalls“goodtouch”,bothphysicallyandemotionally,isthoughtfullyexaminedasawayoffosteringconnectionsandkinship(親密關系).Chaptersaredevotedtoshowinghowchildrencanbehelpedtotakeresponsibilityforthemselvesandothers;tocriticizingwhatarecalled“monsterhomes”inwealthysuburbs;andtoarguingforcommunitiesthatfacilitate(促進)humaninteraction.第50頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月TheauthorofthishelpfulguidebookisaCanadiansocialworkeronthefacultyofDalhousieUniversityinHalifax,NovaScotia.Heearnedbachelor'sandmaster'sdegreesinsocialworkatMcGillUniversityandhisdoctorateinsocialworkatWilfridLaurierUniversity.Asanaccomplishedresearcherandpractitioner,Ungarhasnumerouspublicationstohiscredit.Hisnewbookwilldeservedlyenhancehiswell-meritedreputation.Itisausefuladditiontothelistofparentalhandbooks.第51頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月(1)Theabovepassageismostprobablytakenfroma________.A.researchpaperB.biographyC.bookreviewD.textbook(2)Thelastparagraphiswrittento________.A.tellustheworksMichaelUngarB.letusknowhowfamousMichaelUngarisC.makeasummaryofMichaelUngar'slifeD.makeusmoreconvincedofMichaelUngar'sbook第52頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月(1)推斷文章出處。全文主要介紹MichaelUngar的新書的主要內(nèi)容和特色。解析:答案:C(2)推斷寫作意圖。最后一段簡要介紹MichaelUngar的經(jīng)歷,結尾句“Itisausefuladditiontothelistofparentalhandbooks.”的意圖是為了使讀者對MichaelUngar的新書更有信心。解析:答案:D第53頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月8.Idon'twanttoseeanyonecutofffromtheexpressive,personalassociationsthatapenstillpromotesbetterthanadigitalkeyboarddoes.Formanyabiographer,partofreallygettingtoknowtheirsubjectsislearningtoreadtheirhandwriting.Accordingtotheauthor,handwrittennotes________.A.a(chǎn)rehardertoteachinschoolsB.a(chǎn)ttractmoreattentionC.a(chǎn)reusedonlybetweenfriendsD.carrymoremessage第54頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月
推理隱含意義。由該段第一句“theexpressive,personalassociationsthatapenstillpromotesbetterthanadigitalkeyboarddoes.”可知選D。解析:答案:D第55頁,共61頁,星期六,2024年,5月9.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleo
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