SeeinghappinessdifferentlySinceitsofficialbeginningin2013,theInternationalDayofHappinesshasbeenobservedfor11years.ItfallsonMarch20everyyear.1Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?Expertsinvariousfieldsholddifferentviewsonwhathappinessmeansandthefactorsthatinfluenceit.SonjaLyubomirskyisaresearcherinthefieldofpositivepsychology.2Accordingtoher,happinesscanbedescribedas“theexperienceofjoy,contentment(滿足)orpositivewell-being,combinedwithasensethatone'slifeisgood,meaningfulandworthwhile.”People'slevelsofsubjectivehappinessareinfluencedbybothinternalfactors,suchaspersonalityandoutlook,andexternalfactors,suchastheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,accordingtotheauthorofthebookCultureandPsychology.3Theseincludetheirnaturalpersonalitytraits(特性),thequalityoftheirrelationshipswithothers,thesocietytheyareapartof,andtheirabilitytomeettheirbasicneeds.Morethanthat,expertsinmedicalfieldsfoundthatgenesmightinfluencehappiness.InanarticlepublishedinIranJPublicHealth,threeresearchersshowhowtwinstudieshavesuggestedthatgeneticfactorscountfor35~50percentofhappiness.Thestudyalsomentionedtwogenesthatmayhaveaneffectonhappiness,whichmayhelpclarifythegeneticbaseofhappinessinthefuture.Fromtheaspectofeconomics,TejvanPettinger,anindependenteconomicsresearcher,saidthatthefactorsaffectinghappinesscanincludeincome,qualityofwork,qualityofconsumption,leisure,thewelfareoffamilymembersandtheenvironment.4Hebelievesthatatlowlevelsofincome,increasingincomeisgenerallyconsideredtoincreasehappinessasitallowsapersontobuyessentialgoodsandservicessuchasfood,shelter,healthcareandeducation.However,aftercertainincomelevels,risingincomecontributeslittletooverallhappiness.5Sopeopledefineitdifferentlyandpursueitinavarietyofways.It'salifelessonworthourwholelifetimetoexplore.A.Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?B.Amongthem,incomeisacrucialfactor.C.Sheprovidesacleardescriptionofhappiness.D.Careersuccessmaynotbeaguaranteeofhappiness.E.Thetruthisthathappinessitselfisdifferentforeveryone.F.Severalimportantfactorscontributetoaperson'shappiness.G.Thisspecialdayservestoremindpeopleofthesignificanceofhappiness.【魔法帶練】第一步，通讀全文，對文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?但幸福到底是什么，又該如何實(shí)現(xiàn)呢?【小科普】七選五主要是說明文，因此首段會起著開門見山，引領(lǐng)全文的作用。通過首段考生可以明白文章將要探討哪些內(nèi)容，而首段的最后一句往往是文章的主題句，考生可以通過這句話對文章的主題有整體的了解。如果文章的最后一段點(diǎn)題，那就是“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式；如果不是那就可能是總分的形式，考生把重點(diǎn)放在第一段即可。第二步，定位選項(xiàng)，明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)尤為注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。【注意】邊讀邊做，先易后難。考生做題時(shí)如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有題目拿捏不準(zhǔn)，可先跳過這一題，等讀完整篇文章后，對文章的要點(diǎn)和主旨、各個(gè)段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系基本清楚了再做之前不確定的題目。People'slevelsofsubjectivehappinessareinfluencedbybothinternalfactors,suchaspersonalityandoutlook,andexternalfactors,suchastheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,accordingtotheauthorofthebookCultureandPsychology.3Theseincludetheirnaturalpersonalitytraits(特性),thequalityoftheirrelationshipswithothers,thesocietytheyareapartof,andtheirabilitytomeettheirbasicneeds.同義替換：internalfactors=Severalimportantfactors；詞源對應(yīng)：person=personality；所以F選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選【小科普】詞語復(fù)現(xiàn):作者或說話人在談?wù)撃硞€(gè)話題或主題時(shí)，與主題相關(guān)的詞語必定會以原詞、同義詞或近義詞等形式在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，這種現(xiàn)象叫詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。同一個(gè)詞的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)叫原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);以同義詞的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn),叫同義復(fù)現(xiàn);以近義詞或近義表達(dá)(意思相近，表達(dá)方式不同)的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫近義復(fù)現(xiàn);以詞義相同而詞性不同的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn),叫同根復(fù)現(xiàn)。還有上義詞與下義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)(adult是teacher,parent的上義詞而teacher,parent就是adult的下義詞)。Fromtheaspectofeconomics,TejvanPettinger,anindependenteconomicsresearcher,saidthatthefactorsaffectinghappinesscanincludeincome,qualityofwork,qualityofconsumption,leisure,thewelfareoffamilymembersandtheenvironment.4Hebelievesthatatlowlevelsofincome,increasingincomeisgenerallyconsideredtoincreasehappinessasitallowsapersontobuyessentialgoodsandservicessuchasfood,shelter,healthcareandeducation.However,aftercertainincomelevels,risingincomecontributeslittletooverallhappiness.多項(xiàng)詞匯對應(yīng)：直接對應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)；income=economics;acrucialfactor=isgenerallyconsideredtoincreasehappiness;注意這里容易錯選A選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)同樣也有個(gè)income這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)，但是細(xì)心注意一下Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?他們的主要收入來源是什么?，強(qiáng)調(diào)收入來源；對比一下B選項(xiàng)B.Amongthem,incomeisacrucialfactor.其中，收入是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。說明income只是一個(gè)方面并不是主要的陳述對象。【小科普】一個(gè)單詞在一個(gè)語義場中以同樣的形式反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)兼有詞形的變化，同（近）義祠和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同一個(gè)范疇詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)等。考生解題時(shí)可以利用這些詞作為解題線索。具體過程上文已經(jīng)對此知識點(diǎn)講解，這里不再贅述。SonjaLyubomirskyisaresearcherinthefieldofpositivepsychology.2Accordingtoher,happinesscanbedescribedas“theexperienceofjoy,contentment(滿足)orpositivewell-being,combinedwithasensethatone'slifeisgood,meaningfulandworthwhile.”代詞指代+同義替換：SonjaLyubomirsky=she;bedescribedas=providesacleardescriptionof所以C選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選。【小科普】為了避免重復(fù)，不同的代詞可指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。It可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；one指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或句子；these或those指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Sinceitsofficialbeginningin2013,theInternationalDayofHappinesshasbeenobservedfor11years.ItfallsonMarch20everyyear.1Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯+同義替換：theInternationalDayofHappiness=thespecialday;whatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit=thesignificanceofhappiness.所以G選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選【小科普】從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷——轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語行文中后句對前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有：However,but,nevertheless,nonetheless,still；though，yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever，onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise，not...but，aswell等。5Sopeopledefineitdifferentlyandpursueitinavarietyofways.It'salifelessonworthourwholelifetimetoexplore.因果邏輯+詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：詞源對應(yīng)different=differently=avarietyof【小科普】從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷——因果關(guān)系：在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。其中的同義替換過程這里不再贅述了。一般情況下看清楚句子描述是原因還是結(jié)果。第三步，確定排除，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?他們的主要收入來源是什么?這個(gè)選項(xiàng)在第二步已經(jīng)說過為什么不選，這里不再贅述Careersuccessmaynotbeaguaranteeofhappiness.事業(yè)上的成功不一定是幸福的保證。文章主題不涉及幸福與個(gè)人職業(yè)生涯成功掛鉤第四步，通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。Seeinghappinessdifferently以不同的方式看待幸福Sinceitsofficialbeginningin2013,theInternationalDayofHappinesshasbeenobservedfor11years.自2013年正式設(shè)立以來，國際幸福日已經(jīng)慶祝了11個(gè)年頭。ItfallsonMarch20everyyear.每年的3月20日。詞匯解析：Fallon降臨Pricescontinuedtofallonthestockmarkettoday.今天股票市場價(jià)格繼續(xù)下跌。Thisspecialdayservestoremindpeopleofthesignificanceofhappiness.這個(gè)特殊的日子是為了提醒人們幸福的重要性。詞匯解析：Serveto提供食物或飲料Theiractioncanonlyservetohardentheattitudeoflandowners.他們的舉動只會使土地所有者們的態(tài)度變得強(qiáng)硬。Butwhatexactlyishappiness,andhowcanoneachieveit?但幸福到底是什么，又該如何實(shí)現(xiàn)呢?Expertsinvariousfieldsholddifferentviewsonwhathappinessmeansandthefactorsthatinfluenceit.that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾thefactors不同領(lǐng)域的專家對幸福的含義和影響幸福的因素持有不同的觀點(diǎn)。SonjaLyubomirskyisaresearcherinthefieldofpositivepsychology.SonjaLyubomirsky是積極心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究人員。Sheprovidesacleardescriptionofhappiness.她對幸福給出了清晰的描述。Accordingtoher,happinesscanbedescribedas“theexperienceofjoy,contentment(滿足)orpositivewell-being,combinedwithasensethatone'slifeisgood,meaningfulandworthwhile.”根據(jù)她的說法，幸福可以被描述為“快樂、滿足(滿足)或積極的幸福感，以及一個(gè)人生活美好、有意義和有價(jià)值的感覺。”詞匯解析：①accordingto根據(jù)；按照Pricesvaryaccordingtothequantityordered.價(jià)格根據(jù)所訂數(shù)量而變化。②bedescribedas被描述為：Herattitudecouldfairlybedescribedashostile.公平而論，她的態(tài)度可以說是懷有敵意。③combinewith組合Theycombinewithdustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud.它們與來自彗星的塵埃顆粒結(jié)合在一起，形成了巨大的云團(tuán)。People'slevelsofsubjectivehappinessareinfluencedbybothinternalfactors,suchaspersonalityandoutlook,andexternalfactors,suchastheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,accordingtotheauthorofthebookCultureandPsychology.《文化與心理學(xué)》一書的作者表示，人們的主觀幸福感水平受到性格和觀點(diǎn)等內(nèi)部因素和生活環(huán)境等外部因素的影響。Severalimportantfactorscontributetoaperson'shappiness.幾個(gè)重要的因素有助于一個(gè)人的幸福。Theseincludetheirnaturalpersonalitytraits(特性),thequalityoftheirrelationshipswithothers,thesocietytheyareapartof,andtheirabilitytomeettheirbasicneeds.這些包括他們的自然性格特征(特性)，他們與他人的關(guān)系質(zhì)量，他們所處的社會，以及他們滿足基本需求的能力。Morethanthat,expertsinmedicalfieldsfoundthatgenesmightinfluencehappiness.不僅如此，醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家還發(fā)現(xiàn)基因可能會影響幸福感。InanarticlepublishedinIranJPublicHealth,threeresearchersshowhowtwinstudieshavesuggestedthatgeneticfactorscountfor35~50percentofhappiness.在《伊朗公共衛(wèi)生雜志》上發(fā)表的一篇文章中，三位研究人員展示了雙胞胎研究如何表明遺傳因素占幸福的35%至50%。Thestudyalsomentionedtwogenesthatmayhaveaneffectonhappiness,whichmayhelpclarifythegeneticbaseofhappinessinthefuture.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句該研究還提到了兩種可能對幸福有影響的基因，這可能有助于闡明未來幸福的基因基礎(chǔ)。Fromtheaspectofeconomics,Tejvan