備戰2024年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）黃金卷01（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用（共兩節,滿分30分）第一節完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。（2023秋·北京海淀·高三統考期中）Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis1.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe2movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand3.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.5,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe6.“Givehimchestcompressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained7.Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals8.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,9anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s10deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.1．A．manager B．client C．grandfather D．aunt2．A．current B．oxygen C．wave D．blood3．A．imagine B．watch C．shout D．record4．A．Hoping B．Assuming C．Complaining D．Recalling5．A．Instantly B．Slightly C．Normally D．Surprisingly6．A．train B．crowds C．platform D．rails7．A．strength B．balance C．consciousness D．control8．A．lookahead B．takeover C．getaround D．keepaway9．A．providing B．engaging C．assisting D．crediting10．A．generous B．grateful C．courageous D．faithful【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．B5．A6．D7．C8．B9．D10．C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnthonyPerry在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：20歲的佩里在一家雜貨店上夜班，當時佩里正準備去看他的祖父。A.manager經理；B.client客戶；C.grandfather祖父；D.aunt姑媽，伯母。根據后文“Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.(電擊后心臟還在加速跳動，他爬上平臺，抓起東西，繼續向祖父的房間走去。)”可知，佩里正準備去看他的祖父。故選C。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當佩里和其他驚恐的乘客看到時，電流流過他的身體，他無法控制地顫抖著。A.current氣流；電流；B.oxygen氧氣；C.wave海浪；大海；D.blood血。根據上句“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺上，不可思議的事情發生了:一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，掉到電軌上，電流會流過他的身體。故選A。3．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看著。A.imagine想象；B.watch看；C.shout呼喊；D.record記錄。根據后句“Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.(他坐在月臺邊上，慢慢地坐下來)”可知，他準備營救這個人，并不是站在那里看著。故選B。4．考動查詞詞義辨析。句意：他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去。A.Hoping希望；B.Assuming假設，認為；C.Complaining抱怨；D.Recalling回憶。根據本句“hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他認為自己和受害者之間的鐵軌都通電了，所以他迅速向受害者撲去。故選B。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他立刻感到一陣強烈的電擊穿過他的身體。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Slightly輕微地；C.Normally通常，平常；D.Surprisingly驚人地，出乎意料地。根據上句“4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他立刻感到一陣強烈的電流穿過他的身體。故選A。6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。A.train火車；B.crowds人群；C.platform平臺；D.rails鐵路。根據上文“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺上，不可思議的事情發生了：一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了鐵軌上，他將受害者的身體從鐵軌上移開。故選D。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他在那個人的心臟上按壓了一會兒，直到受害者恢復了意識。A.strength體力；B.balance平衡；C.consciousness意識；D.control控制，掌管。根據本句“heworkedontheman’sheart(他對受害者進行胸部按壓)”可知，受害者失去了意識，所以進行胸部按壓。故選C。8．考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：佩里讓專業人士接手。A.lookahead向前看；B.takeover接管；C.getaround規避，逃避；D.keepaway遠離，避開。根據上句“Then,first-aidersarrived(隨后，急救人員趕到了)”可知，急救人員趕到后，佩里他們接手。故選B。9．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：晚間新聞報道了這一事件，并稱贊一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A.providing提供；B.engaging參加；C.assisting幫助；D.crediting贊揚。根據本句“anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife(一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事跡是值得贊揚的，故選D。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對許多人來說，佩里的勇敢事跡表明了選擇同情而非個人安全的力量。A.generous慷慨的；B.grateful感謝的，感激的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.faithful忠實的，忠誠的。根據上文“Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe6.(但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。)”可知，佩里在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者。故選C。第二節語法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）A（2023秋·北京·高三校聯考開學考試）閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。SwedishstudentsgenerallywelcomeAItoolsineducation,but62%considerusingchatbotsinexamsascheating.However,theboundariesofcheatingwithAIremainuncertain.Thisresult11(show)inasurveyfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology.Thestudy,thefirstofitskind12(investigate)students’attitudestowardsAIineducationhasgatheredcrucialinformationandpresentedtheresultsinanoverviewreport.Theresearchershopethesurvey’sfindingswillempowerstudents13helpthemgetabetterunderstandingofAI’sroleinlearning.【答案】11．isshown12．toinvestigate13．and【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人工智能在學習中發揮的作用。11．考查時態語態。句意：查爾姆斯理工大學的一項調查顯示了這一結果。根據句意可知謂語動詞show和主語thisresult之間是被動關系，結合語境可知時態為一般現在時，因此使用一般現在時的被動語態，主語thisresult是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞用單數。故填isshown。12．考查動詞不定式。句意：這項研究首次調查了學生對教育中人工智能的態度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述報告中展示了結果。分析句子可知，空處使用不定式作后置定語修飾thefirstofitskind。故填toinvestigate。13．考查連詞。句意：研究人員希望這項調查的結果能賦予學生權力，幫助他們更好地理解人工智能在學習中的作用。根據句意可知前后句子之間是并列關系，使用and連接。故填and。B（2023·北京·首都師范大學附屬中學?？寄M預測）閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Nowadays,peoplearechoosingtoliveinaminimalistlifestyle.Minimalism,14(bear)outofearly20th-centurymodernism,wasatrend15over-decoratedandover-furnished.Oneofthemainreasonspeoplechoosetobecomeminimalistsisthattheywanttoachievemoremeaningintheirlife.Throughpracticingminimalism,peoplereducetheirpossessionstoonesthatmakethem16(true)happy.Besides,digitalminimalismisparticularlyappealingtomillennialswhohavegrowntiredofsocialmediaandbeingaddictedtotheirtechnology.【答案】14．born15．against16．truly【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了極簡主義的生活方式。14．考查非謂語動詞。句意：極簡主義誕生于20世紀早期的現代主義，是一種反對過度裝飾和過度布置的趨勢。分析句子可知，該句已有謂語was，空處要使用非謂語，主語Minimalism和bear（誕生）之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，因此需使用其過去分詞表示被動。故填born。15．考查介詞。句意：極簡主義誕生于20世紀早期的現代主義，是一種反對過度裝飾和過度布置的趨勢。分析句子并根據語境可知，極簡主義是選擇非常簡單的生活方式，因此與過度裝飾和過度布置的理念大相徑庭，因此需使用表示相反意味的介詞against“反對；違背”。故填against。16．考查副詞。句意：通過實踐極簡主義，人們減少了他們的財產，只留下那些讓他們真正快樂的東西。分析句子可知，空處需使用副詞truly（真正地）作狀語修飾happy。故填truly。C（2023秋·北京·高三校聯考開學考試）閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Rachelhadalwaysbeenfascinatedwiththemysteriesofthesea.Shedreamedofexploringthe17(deep)ofitanddiscoveringunknowncreatures.Herobsessionintensifiedwhenshediscoveredanoldmapinhergrandfather’sattic(頂樓),whichshowedaplacemarked“hiddentreasure”.Ignoring18hermotherhadwarned,shestartedasmall-boatadventure.Afterhoursofsearchingwithnoluck,afriendlygiantoctopusappeared,guidinghertoasecretcave19shefoundtreasuresbeyondherwildestdreams.Fromthisexperience,Rachel20(know)thatthebravestseekersoftenfindthegreatesttreasures.【答案】17．depths/depth18．what19．where20．knew/hasknown【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了Rachel對海洋奧秘的探索。17．考查名詞。句意：她夢想著探索海洋的深處最深的地方，發現未知的生物。冠詞修飾名詞，depth“深處”，根據句意，既可以用作可數名詞單數也可以用作可數名詞復數，故填depths/depth。18．考查賓語從句。句意：她不顧母親的警告，開始了一場小船冒險?？仗幰龑зe語從句，從句中缺少賓語，指物，使用what引導。故填what。19．考查定語從句。句意：一只友好的巨型章魚出現了，引導她到一個秘密的洞穴，在那里她發現了她最瘋狂的夢想之外的寶藏。空處引導定語從句，先行詞cave在從句中充當地點狀語，使用where引導。故填where。20．考查動詞時態。句意：從這次經歷中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的寶藏。根據句意可知此處時態一般過去時，動詞使用過去式，也可以描述過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響。故填knew/hasknown。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節,38分）第一節（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A（2023秋·北京·高三校聯考開學考試）StargazingFestivalsin2023Asmoreareasgrowbrighterwithlightpollution,nationalparksacrossthecountryhavebecomedark-skyhavens.Overtheyears,theyaremakingapushtogetcertifiedashavensforsky-watchingbytheInternationalDarkSkyAssociation,andtheyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy.·BryceCanyonNationalPark—June14-17SituatedinsouthernUtah,BryceCanyonearneditsdark-skytitlein2019.The35,835-acreparkisanidealplacetostayuplate.Thisyear,itsannualastronomyfestivalincludesguidedstargazingsessions,lecturesand“starstories”presentations,family-friendlyactivities,andevenaperformancebystringsmusiciansinthenorthernArizona-basedDarkSkyQuartet.·ShenandoahNationalPark—August11-13Convenientlylocatedwithinaday’sdrivefromtwo-thirdsofAmericans,ShenandoahNationalPark’snightskyfestivalisalow-liftwaytodabbleinastronomy.Thenearly200,000-acreparkwillhostrangertalks,publicstargazingsessions,lectures,presentations,andactivitiesforkids.Staffersarestillworkingonthisyear’sfullschedule,butpasteventshavecoveredtopicsrangingfromspaceweathertonocturnal(夜間的)creatures.·GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16GreatBasinisoneoftheleastcrowdednationalparks,makingittheperfectplacetoquietlyappreciatethemysteriesofthecosmos.Itsannualastronomyfestivalisscheduledforthisfallandincludesguestspeakers,constellationtalks,observatorytours,andaphotographyworkshop.Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor.·JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14JoshuaTreeNationalPark,astheInternationalDarkSkyAssociationnotes,isthe“nearestconvenientplacetogostargazingunderarelativelydarksky”forthe18millionpeoplewholiveintheLosAngelesarea.Itbecameanofficialdarkskyparkin2017,andeachyear,ithostsanightskyfestivalinthefall.Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse.FromJoshuaTree,themoonwillappeartoobscurebetween70and80percentofthesun.21．WhatisthepurposeofStargazingFestivals?A．Toraisepublicinterestinastronomy.B．Tocallforactionagainstlightpollution.C．Toprovideaplatformtoobservestars.D．Tocollectmoneyformoreobservatories.22．Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceworkinginlow-lightconditions?A．BryceCanyonNationalPark. B．ShenandoahNationalPark.C．GreatBasinNationalPark. D．JoshuaTreeNationalPark.23．WhatmightbeabonustovisitorstoJoshuaTreeNationalParkduringthefestivals?A．Anobservatorytour. B．Aphotographyworkshop.C．Astargazingtour. D．Asolareclipse.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【導語】這是一篇應用文。作者列舉了2023年四個國家公園的星空觀測節活動。21．細節理解題。根據第一段的“theyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy(他們甚至舉辦觀星節等活動，讓旅行者對天文學感到興奮)”可知觀星節的目的是提高公眾對天文學的興趣，故選A。22．細節理解題。根據GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16部分的“Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor(在藝術節獨特的“黑暗中的藝術”項目中，參與者將在弱光條件下繪畫，并實驗他們的眼睛如何感知顏色)”可知如果你想體驗在弱光條件下的工作，你應該去大盆地國家公園，故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14部分的“Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse(幸運的是，今年的日期與環形“火環”日食重疊)可知在節日期間，日食可能是約書亞樹國家公園游客的額外獎勵，故選D。BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24．WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A．ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B．HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C．Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D．AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A．It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B．It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C．Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D．Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26．WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A．Itshistoriccontributions. B．Theteamitbroughttogether.C．Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D．Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C．Wellbegunishalfdone. D．Timelostcannotbewonagain.【答案】24．D25．D26．B27．B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者是一名工程師，工作包括規劃、制作和操作飛行中的科學儀器。作者認為自己從事有益于人類的項目，感到感激和滿足。24．細節理解題。根據第二段“AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.(在收到一封來自麻省理工學院的電子郵件后，在我媽媽的鼓勵下，我決定申請他們提供的暑期項目。在參加了這個項目之后，我知道MIT是適合我的大學)”可知，作者申請麻省理工學院是因為一個暑期項目使她愛上了麻省理工學院。故選D。25．推理判斷題。根據第三段“ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.(作為一名工程師，最令人興奮和滿足的部分是我能夠從事有益于人類的項目)”以及“Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.(他們可能無法想象的是，研究我們自己的家園地球的大量工作正在進行。我很感激有這樣一份工作，能讓我承擔起這樣的責任)”可知，作者因自己為人類福祉而工作而自豪。故選D。26．細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.(雖然卡西尼號將因其歷史性貢獻而被銘記，但我將銘記的是它所凝聚的團隊)”可知，在卡西尼號任務中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的團隊。故選B。27．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.(我意識到英雄故事的一個共同主題是，英雄必須總是做出選擇，開始他們的冒險。如果你在自己的故事中因為害怕接下來可能發生的事情而不拿起劍，你就有可能根本沒有故事)”可知，我們能從這個故事中學到“勇者無懼”的道理。故選B。CLaughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.Andthoughthecausesoflaughtercanvarywidelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingtodifferentcultures.Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“laugh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?Inhumans,peoplemaylaughwhentheyhearajoke,orwhentheyseesomethingthattheythinkisfunny,thoughit’sunknownifanimals’intelligenceincludeswhathumanswouldcallasenseofhumor.However,manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchersconsidersuchvocalizationstobesimilartohumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“laughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals(哺乳動物),butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthatanimalgroup.Thisnewstudycouldhelpscientiststoanalyzetheoriginsofhumanlaughter.Buthowcanweidentifyplay?Unlikefighting,playisusuallyrepetitiveandhappensindependentlyofothersocialbehaviors,saidleadstudyauthorSashaWinkler,adoctorofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Whenitcomestoidentifyingit,“youknowitwhenyouseeit,”WinklertoldLiveScience.Onesignisthatprimates—ourclosestrelatives—havea“playface”thatissimilartotheexpressionsofhumanswhoareplaying.WhenWinklerpreviouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques,shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted(喘氣)quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.Peoplenowstilllaughduringplay,butwealsointegratelaughterintolanguageandnon-playbehaviors,usinglaughterindiversewaystoexpressarangeofemotionsthatmaybepositiveornegative.Humanlaughternotablydiffersfromotheranimals’laughterinanotherimportantway:itsvolume.Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.Bycomparison,whenmostanimalslaugh,thesoundisveryquiet—justloudenoughtobeheardbythelaugher’spartner.“It’sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,”WinklertoldLiveScience.“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy."28．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplaincausesofanimalandhumanlaughter.B．Toassesscomplexitiesregardinganimallaughter.C．Topresentfindingsontheexistenceofanimallaughter.D．Toanalyzedifferencesbetweenanimalandhumanlaughter.29．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Animallaughterisevennoticeableinfish.B．Animallaughterishardtorecognizeduringplay.C．Peoplehavelearnedtocombineplaywithlaughter.D．Peoplelaughloudlybecausetheywanttoinvolveothers.30．Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?A．Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.B．Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.C．Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.D．Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.【答案】28．C29．D30．A【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了關于“動物界存在笑聲”的相關研究成果。28．推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“laugh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?(但是動物呢？他們會“笑”嗎？動物和人類笑的原因是一樣的嗎？)”提出的三個問題、第三段中“Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“laughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals(哺乳動物),butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.(最近，科學家們調查了游戲中的發聲，看看它在動物中有多普遍。研究小組確定了65種會在玩耍時“笑”的物種——大多數是哺乳動物，但一些鳥類也會笑)”、第五段中“Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.(她說，許多其他靈長類動物也會在玩耍時發出聲音，因此提出了一種假說(人類的笑聲被認為是在玩耍時產生的)，這種假說得到了許多靈長類動物與玩耍有關的喘息笑聲的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,’WinklertoldLiveScience.(溫克勒告訴《生活科學》雜志說：“這么多動物在玩耍時都有類似的發聲功能，這真的很有趣?！?”中給出的相關答案可知，本文是為了展示“動物界存在笑聲”相關研究的成果。故選C項。29．細節理解題。根據第六段中“Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.(人們大聲傳播他們的笑聲，這通常是作為一種尋求參與者的方式)”可知，人們大聲地笑是為了讓其它人參與進來。故選D項。30．推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy.(但我們確實有人類笑聲所獨有的部分，這也是未來研究的一個重要領域)”可推知，接下來的研究很可能重點關注人類笑聲的獨特特征。故選A項。DPlantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Fresh. B．Resting. C．Healthy. D．Normal.32．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B．Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C．Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D．Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.33．AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A．accurate B．dangerous C．promising D．impractical34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B．Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C．Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D．Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.【答案】31．B32．A33．C34．D【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過程以及積極效果。31．詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylight(這就是為什么植物在溫暖的月份生長和茁壯成長)”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”結合常識，可知，植物在陽光充足的溫暖月份生長茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息的”。故選B。32．主旨大意題。根據第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人員使用兩步電催化過程將二氧化碳、水和電轉化為醋酸鹽——醋的主要成分——植物有機體消耗醋酸來生長。研究人員調整了電解槽，這是一種利用電力來支持食物生產生物生長的設備。用這種方法生產出了最高水平的醋酸鹽)”可知，第三段的主要內容是人工光合作用的過程。故選A。33．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.(食物幾乎可以在任何地方種植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上種植番茄——這對未來的火星人來說會容易多少？”UCR植物轉化研究中心主任MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas說)”可知，MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas認為人工光合作用是有希望的。故選C。34．細節理解題。根據最后一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.(這種新方法使用更少的土地提高了糧食生產的效率，并最大限度地減少了對地球環境的影響)”可知，利用人工光合作用種植食物可以減少對環境的影響。故選D。第二節(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2023秋·北京海淀·高三統考期中）Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowing