PAGEPAGE9關節式鉆床機械工業是國民的裝備部，是為國民經濟提供裝備和為人民生活提供耐用消費品的產業。不論是傳統產業，還是新興產業，都離不開各種各樣的機械裝備，機械工業所提供裝備的性能、質量和成本，對國民經濟各部門技術進步和經濟效益有很大的和直接的影響。機械工業的規模和技術水平是衡量國家經濟實力和科學技術水平的重要標志。因此，世界各國都把發展機械工業作為發展本國經濟的戰略重點之一。關節式鉆床是近幾十年發展起來的一種高科技半自動化生產設備。關節式鉆床的是工業機器人的一個重要分支。它的特點是可通過編程來完成各種預期的作業任務，在構造和性能上兼有人和機器各自的優點，尤其體現了人的智能和適應性。關節式鉆床作業的準確性和各種環境中完成作業的能力，在國民經濟各領域有著廣闊的發展前景。關節式鉆床是在機械化，自動化生產過程中發展起來的一種新型裝置。在現代生產過程中，關節式鉆床被廣泛的運用于自動生產線中，機械人的研制和生產已成為高技術鄰域內，迅速發展起來的一門新興的技術，它更加促進了關節式鉆床的發展，使得關節式鉆床能更好地實現與機械化和自動化的有機結合。關節式鉆床雖然目前還不如人手那樣靈活，但它具有能不斷重復工作和勞動，不知疲勞，不怕危險，鉆孔的范圍比傳統的臺式鉆床大的特點，因此，關節式鉆床已受到許多部門的重視，并越來越廣泛地得到了應用。關節式鉆床技術涉及到力學、機械學、電氣氣技術、自動控制技術、傳感器技術和計算機技術等科學領域，是一門跨學科綜合技術。關節式鉆床是一種能自動化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動的多功能機器，它有多自由度，可用來鉆孔、攻牙以完成在各個不同環境中工作。關節式鉆床是能模仿人手和臂的某些動作功能，用以按照擺臂旋轉的區域自行轉動鉆孔、攻牙的半自動化設備。它可代替普通臺式鉆床加工空間固定，不能靈活移動鉆孔、攻牙的缺陷，能在擺臂旋轉的360度的區域里面完成任意位置任意工件的鉆孔、攻牙，因而廣泛應用于機械制造、模具加工，鍛造，冶金等等領域，在加工領域占據了越來越重要的位置。本文主要進行了關節式鉆床的總體結構設計和氣動設計。關節式鉆床的機械結構由氣缸、旋轉關節和鉆孔裝置組成，可按預定軌跡運動，在任意的有效區域內實現對工件的鉆孔，攻牙的操作。氣動部分的設計主要是選擇合適的控制閥，設計合理的氣動控制回路，通過控制和調節氣缸壓縮空氣的壓力、流量和方向來使氣動執行機構獲得必要的力、動作速度和改變運動方向，并按規定的程序工作。本文詳細介紹了運用SolidWorks軟件（3D機械設計軟件的標準）進行關節式鉆長的設計。由于SolidWorks軟件無論對零件設計，還是對整個機構設計都起了一個模擬仿真的作用，在SolidWorks軟件中，我們可以直觀，清楚地了解整個設計的外形，運作甚至是材料的分析。借助SolidWorks，將產品更快地投入市場。SolidWorks提供無與倫比的性能和價值，它是技術創新的領先者，并且還擁有最大的用戶群。沒有其他CAD系統可以幫助您快速準確地完成產品設計工作。本文先對SolidWorks軟件作出簡介，對此三維軟件作出一系列的說明，而后對關節式鉆床設備進行介紹，并結合SolidWorks軟件，將二者融會貫通。通過SolidWorks軟件設計，從二維的AUTOCAD零件圖紙，到三維的SolidWorks整個設備，大大地提高了設計的效果和效率，避免了工程師們在現實中出現的錯誤，切切實實地展現出三維軟件的強大性能。

JointtypedrillingmachineBeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologyLiuxinYa[Abstract]introducedaconcurrentengineering,agilemanufacturingandsophisticatedproduction,andotheradvancedmanufacturingtechnologyandthecharacteristicsofthedevelopmentofmachinetoolsintheportfolioofapplications,howtodeepenandextendtheapplicationofspecificmeasures.Inthemachinetoolindustry,withthesocialdemandsofthecontinuousimprovementofproducts,alongwiththegrowingcompetitioninthemarkettomeetuserrequirements,includingtheimprovementofproductquality,shortenproductioncycles,reducecosts,improveserviceandwinmarkethasbecomeabreakthrough.Inordertoachievethisgoalandwinmarket,itshouldbetheintroductionofmodernandadvancedmanufacturingtechnology:concurrentengineering,agilemanufacturingandsophisticatedproduction,inordertopromotethedevelopmentofcombinationmachine.ConcurrentEngineeringisalsoknownasconcurrentengineering,integrated,paralleltooptimizeproductdesignanditsrelatedprocesses(includingmanufacturingandsupport)systemapproach,whichguidetheproductdevelopmentstaffbegantoconsideraproductfromconcepttodesigntothedemiseofthroughoutthelifecycleofallthefactors,includingquality,cost,programminganduserneeds.ConcurrentEngineeringisthefirsttoshortenproductdevelopmentcyclesasameanstodevelop.Productswillbecharacterizedbythedevelopment,productionengineeringinvolvedintheactsbrokendownintoaseriesoftasks,suchasmarketanalysis,design,processdesign,productionplansandequipmentpurchases,processing,qualityassurance,testingandaftersalesservice.Thesesub-tasksasfaraspossibleandconsidersynchronousparalleltoachieveimproveddesigntoshortenthecycleandimprovequality,reducecosts,optimizethedesignpurpose.Itstressedthatintegrated,coordinatedandparallel,namely:(1)management,design,production,andserviceofallproject-relatedpersonnelandproductinformationintegrationasawhole,andstressedthatallrelevantdepartmentsandtheinterestsoftheoverallgoalline(2)totheestablishmentofacompetentandreasonablechargeoftheprojectpersonnelstructureoftheworkinggroupcoordinatedmanagementmodel,bytheWorkingGroupintheministriesresponsibleforprojectelements,andthepromotionofthecoordinationoftasks,(3)parallelprocessingstagesofthework.Accordingtotheprojectinthedifferenttasksofthelinkagesbetweenthedifferentministriesmandateoftheelementsoftheworkprocesscanbecompletelyoverlaporduplication.Inaccordancewiththeseprinciples,formulateareasonable,andoptimizetheworkplan,andthelocationinwhichthenecessarysettingsassessment,theWorkingGroupbytheprojectimplementationsothatallsub-tasksinparallel,tomoveforwardinanorderlymanner,soastoensurethesmoothimplementationofthewholeproject.Accordingtothetraditionalmethodsofwork,theworkofthevariousstagesinarowserial.Insuchaproductdevelopmentapproach,divorcedfromeachotheratvariousstages,arenotrelated,resultinginincreaseddesignerror,anddifficulttodiscoversuchadesignrework,tolengthenthedevelopmentcycle,addingtothecosts.Parallelworkingmethodsused,theprocesswillbeintegratedwithparallelconsideration,theworkcanbecarriedoutduplication.Problemscanbepromptlycoordinatethechangessothatthefollow-upstagelefttoincreasethedifficultyofcorrection

Andcosts.Thus,theapplicationofconcurrentengineeringcansignificantlyshortentheproductdevelopmentcycle,reducecosts,itissuitableforthedevelopmentofprofessionalportfoliomachine.Concurrentengineeringmethodswillbeappliedtoproductdevelopment,theeffectwasverysignificant.March1997,BeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologywithamotorcycledesignandmanufacturingplantstosignthe6-crankmachineprojectcontractfordeliveryendoftheyear,andtherequirementsofmachinetoolsinthepastquitedifferent.Intheprojectusingaconcurrentengineeringapproach,inparallel,cross-operation,greatlyreducingthedesign,manufactureperiod,thesuccessfulcompletionofthetasks.Paralleldevelopmentofthecombinationofmachinespecificmethodsare:(1)theestablishmentofamulti-composedofprofessionalstodevelopworkinggroups.BytheWorkingGroupofthespecificpartoftheimplementationoftheproject,membersoftheWorkingGroupincollaborationdivisionofduties,timelyandcoordinatedinordertoachieveoptimizationofthedesign.Suchasamachinetooldemandintheclampingfixturepartstotheprocessoffloating,ifseparateconsiderationfromthemechanicalstructuretomeetthisrequirementmoredifficult,complexstructureofthefixture.Later,withthehydraulicdesignofelectricalcontrolandcoordinate,controlproceduresproposedamendmentstochangetheorderclampingaction,adjustingthehydraulicpressureofsolutionstomeettherequirementsoftheclamping.(2)intheformulationofprogrammes,thesigningofthecontractstage,onthepreliminaryidentifiedanumberofstandardcomponents.(3)MultipleMulti-accreditationprogramme.MachineToolTechnologyindeterminingtheoverallprogramme,keycomponentsintheoveralldesignprocess,manytimesbytheSolidworkscommitteetoreviewthedesignplan,andputintoproductionbeforetheuserinthedesignplanjointtrials.Thus,fromthedesigntotakeintoaccountthebeginningofaprocessdesign,toolingdesign,manufacturing,assemblyandotherdownstreamvariousstagesofdebuggingproblemsthatmayarise,thusgreatlyreducingthenumberofdesignchangesRatedmeetuserrequirements,toachievedesignbest.(4)adesignpre-releasemethod.Machineoverallplansinaformaldrawingago,hasbeenreleasedinstagessetbythemainstructureandthemajorcomponentsofdata,processdesign,toolingdesigncanbecarriedoutaheadofschedule.Inthedesignofthemachinetooltodeterminesomecomponentssuchasfixtures,toolssuchasthecoordinationofsize,andatthesametimebegantodesignandtoolfixture,and,alsoidentifiedslider,mobileworkstationsandothercomponents,thesecomponentshavethechoiceasfaraspossibleStandardcomponents,inthedesignofitsoperationwillbecompleted.Andtheoveralldesignofthevariouscomponentssuchasfixtures,andtimelycoordinationbetweenthetool,linkedtochangesinthesizeofeachothertimelycoordinationsothatthesizeofotherrelevantdrawingsarepromptlycorrected.(5)componentsinthedesignoftheprocessingcyclecanbelongspecificpartssuchasfolders,suchascastingstereotypesassoonaspossibletoadvancingtheprocessdesign,production.(6)completionofthevariouscomponentsofadesign,processdesignandreadytoentertheproductionstage.Therefore,thevariouscomponentsofthepartsisintheworkshop,parallelprocessing.Adoptthisapproach,theWorkingGroup4wereusedonlyfourweekstimeonthepartofgenericcomponentssuchastheslider,mobileplatformsandpowerfirstwentintooperationatthesametime,thecompletionofthemechanicaldesignofthemachineandoutsourcingoforders.Machinetoolproductionprocess,thevariouscomponentsintheBeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologyAssociation,andseveralmanufacturersatthesametime.Inthemachine,installationanddebugging,butalsoseveralmachineatthesametime,throughthesework,andmachinetoolsforthetimelydeliveryofvaluabletime.AgilemanufacturingintheUnitedStatesoftheCaspianSea,"the21stcenturymanufacturingstrategy"inthereportofanewmanufacturingparadigm.Afterdevelopment,theUnitedStateslacoccaInstitutewillbedefinedas:"acompanythatisagileinthemarketfortheunpredictablechangesinthecompetitiveenvironmentinthedevelopmentandprosperityofacapability,thatisrapidlychangingglobalmarketarapidresponsecapability,withthecompanycomputernetworkandtheglobalproductionsystem,themarket,competitorstolinkupinthehigh-quality,high-performance,low-cost,customerproductconfigurationsettings,suchasuserdemand-drivenmarketsituationdemonstratedacapability."Characterizedbytheflexibleproductiontechnology,flexibleorganizationmanagementandprofessionalskillsofthestaffhaveintegratedintoacoordinated,interconnectedsystems,inordertoachievethestrategicgoalofreunification,thesameindustryindifferententerprisesthroughjointinfrastructurelinks,pastlife-and-deathcompetitionwillbecomefriendlyandcooperativecompetition,therebychangingmarketfasterresponse.Therefore,thistechnologyissuitableforthedevelopmentofprofessionalportfoliomachine.(1)promotetheAgilefirstmodularproducts,reflectedinthecompositionofthemachineisinthemachinetoolcomponentsandthestandardizationofserialization.CrankshaftMachineToolinthedevelopmentanddesign,cangreatlyshortenthedesigncycle,theapplicationofconcurrentengineeringisafactor,largenumberofstandardcomponents,theapplicationofcommoncomponentsisakeyelement.(2)IntheAgileManufacturing,mustreflectthepeopleandorganizationsisthemostvaluableasset.Intheproductionoflargequantities,peoplearealwaysSolidworkssolutionasmanufactureandsaleofthecruxoftheproblem,andinAgileManufacturing,thebestuseofpeopleisthekeytosolvetheproblem,technologyisonlyamethodormeans.Therefore,theneedfortheProjectWorkingGrouporganizationalmodeladvocatedhardworking,givefullplaytotheirinitiative.SophisticatedproductionistheUnitedStatesinthe1990s,Japan'sToyotaMotorCorporationsummedupproductionmanagementmethodsonthebasisofsummingupbytheproduction.Itstressedthatbyimprovingtheproductionofenterprisesinthemanagementoftheactivities,includingtheefficiencyofvariousactivitiesandcostaccounting,toachievethefastestspeedofresponsetothemarket,thelowestcostofproduction,theoptimalproductdesigntodesignandManufacturingofproductsneededbythemarket.Itsfeaturesareuser-God,apeople-centred,asameanstostreamline,tozerodefectgoal.Canbeseenfromtheaboveanalysis,andadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyintheBeijingInstituteofAviationTechnologyPortfoliomachinehasbeendevelopedinanumberofapplications,butstillneedtofurtherdeepenandextendtheapplication.Inlaterwork,Shouldpayattentiontothefollowingaspects:(1)WorkingGrouponthefurtherimplementationoftheprojectmodel,aresponsibilitytothepeople,bytheuseofconcurrentengineeringgroupresponsibleforthecompletionofthewayfromthemachinetooltechnologyprogrammetodesign,manufacture,testinganddeliveryoftheworkofthestaffatthesametimestrengthentheknowledgeandskillstraining,keeptrackmachinetoolindustryathomeandabroadcombinationofthelatestdevelopments.(2)marketchangesandthedevelopmentofpre-studyplanatthesametimemaintainclosetieswithusers,userswhoregularlyvisitprovidesitsuserswithqualityafter-salesservice,andequipmentoperationandunderstandingofuserneeds,inordertoimprovethedesign.(3)high-qualityproductstowincustomers.MachineToolinthedevelopmentportfolio,inadditiontoenhancingthesenseofquality,thenewtechnology,theapplicationofnewtechnologyinthemarketisalsoanimportantmeans.Nowusersgenerallyrequiremachineefficiency,flexibility,andadapttosmallquantitiesandvarietyofprocessing.PortfolioTooltoenhancetheefficiencyofproductionandincreaseinthedesignshouldbecuttingspeed,theuseofadvancedtools,centralizedprocessingconsiderthreeaspects.(4)attentiontothede