07閱讀理解命題策略全透析

【課程目標(biāo)】

?專題知識(shí)：針對考試題型，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理，感悟解題方法。

◎題型檢測：鏈接考試真題，題型組合練，能力逐個(gè)突破。

yJ閱讀理解命題透析

1、細(xì)節(jié)題

此類考題主要針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)，一般提問方式如下:

1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

3)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

5)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...

6)Fromthispassageweknowthat.

7)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat.

細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)

信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針

對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省了寶貴的時(shí)間。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。

做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。英語中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關(guān)系的because,

since,as等；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題一直都是高考閱讀理解中常考的題型，通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)有以下特征：

1)對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項(xiàng)。

2）詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài)，給考生

制造障礙。

3）語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，成為正確答案。

4）正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)（適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目）。

【例題】

（2018徐匯二模）EarlierthisyearaseriesofpapersinTheLancetreportedthat85percentofthe$265

billionspenteachyearonmedicalresearchiswastedbecausetoooftenabsolutelynothinghappensafter

initialresultsofastudyarepublished.Nofollow-upinvestigationsto-ep/ica/e（復(fù)制）orexpandona

discovery.Nooneusesthefindingstobuildnewtechnologies.

63.WhatistheproblemreportedinthosepapersinTheLancet!

A.Greatachievementsinmedicalresearchfailedtogetpublished.

B.Moneywaswastedonfollow-upinvestigationsinmedicalresearch.

C.Toomanynewresearchfindingsarenotputintouseafterpublication.

D.Fewscientistsaredevotedtobuildingnewtechnologiesformankind.

Key：C

（2018靜安一模）Thedatashowthat,thoughthenationalcrimeratesdroppedby70percentduringrecent

years,seasonalspikesinsummerremain.Insomecasesthosespikesare12percenthigherthanratesduring

seasonsinwhichthelowsoccur.Thephenomenonconfusesmanycriminologists,andtheywonderwhy.

63.Whatpuzzlesscholarsstudyingcrimes?

A.Theratesofrobberyandautotheftarelowerthanotherviolentandpropertycrimesinsummer

B.Theratesofcrimesresultingindeathareaboutthesameinallseasons.

CThecrimeratesnotreportedtothepolicearemuchhigherduringsummer.

DCrimeratesinsummerarehigherthanthoseofotherseasons.

Key：D

2、詞義猜測題

此類考題目要求考生能根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。一般提問方式如下：

1)Theword"ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Theunderlinedword"ABC"inthepassagerefersto/means.

3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?

4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.

5)Theword"it(them)Minthefirstparagraphrefersto.

這種題型要求對文章中的劃線生詞進(jìn)行詞義猜測。這類題型不僅要求具備一定構(gòu)詞法，而且也

要求對上下文具有比較全面的理解。做詞意猜測時(shí)，應(yīng)注意劃線生詞后面的定語從句、同位語從句。

定語從句、同位語從句通常用來解釋生詞的詞意。另外，還要應(yīng)注意生詞后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)、

破折號(hào)、引號(hào)、括號(hào)都可用于提示詞意。有時(shí)，詞意隱藏在全文或某一段中，這就需要把握文段的

意境來加以透知該詞的含義。

在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個(gè)：一是被己認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤

導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其

實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難的一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)

詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

【例題】

(2018松江一模)MenareaslikelyaswomentosufferfromposMWR(產(chǎn)后的)depression,astudyshows.

Oneintenfathers—thesameratiosasmothers—arefoundtosufferbeforeorafterbirth.Bythetime

theirchildreaches12weeks,asmanyasoneinfourarefeelingdown.

ThesymptomsobservedintheAmericanstudyarenotthoughttobehormonal—astheyarein

women-andareinsteadprobablyaresponsetothepressuresoffatherhood.Theseincludetheexpenseof

havingchildren,changedrelationshipwithpartnersandfearofpaternal(父親的)responsibility.Intheearly

weeks,thelackofsleepandextradomesticchoresalsotakethetoll.

57.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"勿&thetoirinparagraph2mean?

A.Costalotofmoney.B.Takethelead.

C.Haveabadeffect.D.Havenolinks.

Key：C

(2018黃浦二模)AUacrossAmerica,studentsareanxiouslyfinishingtheir"WhatIWantToBe…”

collegeapplicationessays,advisedtofocusonSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and

Mathematics)byexpertsandparentswhoinsistthat'stheonlywaytobecomeworkforceready.Buttwo

recentstudiesofworkplacesuccesscontradictthetraditionalwisdomabout“hardskills^^.

63.Theunderlinedword“contradict“mostprobablymeans"

A.addtoB.backupC.bringaboutD.conflictwith

Key：D

(2017閔行一模)Theyswimlovelyalongtheshore,lookingforunderwatergreenstofeedon.Butthese

days,alongFlorida'swesterncoast,somethingismixingwiththeseagrassthatmanateesliketoeat.And

it'smakingthemsick,evenkillingthem.

56.Theword"them"probablyrefersto.

A.underwatergreensB.algaeC.manateesD.endangeredanimals

Key：C

3、推斷題

此類考題一般針對短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)，文章中雖然沒有明確的答案，但考生在理解全

文的基礎(chǔ)上可以進(jìn)行推理和判斷其答案。一般提問方式如下：

1)Theauthorimplied(suggested)that...

2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

3)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

4)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat...

5)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

6)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_.

推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表

述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)

涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷

題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。

【例題】

（2018徐匯二模）Unselfishbehaviorwasconsideredmoremorallyrightthanselfish,butbothbehaviors

werejudgedtobemoremoralandlessdeservingofpunishmentifthemajorityexhibitedthemthanifthey

wereuncommon.Thecommonnessoftheselfishbehavioralsoaffectedtheparticipants*willingnessto

themselvespaytopunishselfishness.

64.Itcanbeconcludedthattheparticipantsintheexperimentsarepunishedif.

A.theycan'tplay"publicgoodsgame**

B.investthemoneytobenefitgroupmembers

C.theybehavedifferentlyfromthemajority

D.theykeepthemoneyforthemselves

Key：C

（2018虹口一模）Forallhisglobalfame,NeilArmstrongisaremarkablymodestman.Herarelygave

interviewsanddidn'tliketalkingabouthisachievement.Hestoppedgivinghissignatureswhenhefound

thatpeoplesoldthemforthousandsofdollars.

guessweallliketoberecognizednotforonepieceoffireworksbutfortheledger（iBPKW）ofour

dailyworkJArmstrongsaidinaCBSinterviewin2005.Whenaskedhowhefeltknowinghisfootprints

wouldbelikelytostayonthemoon'ssurfaceforthousandsofyears,hesaid:"Ikindofhopethat

somebodygoesupthereoneofthesedaysandcleansthemup.”

58.Bysaying“Iguessweallliketoberecognizednotforonepieceoffireworksbutfortheledgerofour

dailywork”,Armstrongmeantthat.

A.themoredailyworkyou'vedone,themoreeasilyyouwillberecognized

B.thingsthatlookspectaculararenotasusefulasordinarysuccesses

C.achievinggreatnesscanmakeothersuccessesfeellessimportant

D.everyday'shardworkismoreappreciatedthanonesuccessfulmoment

Key

4、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

此類題目的主要提問方式是一般提問方式如下：

1）What'sthewriter's/author'sattitudeto/towards...?

2）Theauthor'stonewouldbebestdescribedas.

3）Theattitudeof...to/towards...is.

這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對所陳述的觀

點(diǎn)是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。

作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種

推斷時(shí)，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一

類的修飾語。

確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩種思路：

1）問全文主體事物的（包括主題），可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞

或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；

2）如果問的是對某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。

【例題】

（2016嘉定一模）Scientistcan'tforeseethepossibleeffectsofGEfoods,yetweeatthemeveryday

withoutevenknowingit.Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentially

harmfultous,totheEarthandtoallwildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowfor

surehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.

77.What'stheauthor,sattitudetowardsgeneticengineering?

A.welcomingB.disapprovingC.unconcernedD.optimistic

Key：B

5、主旨大意題

這種題型要求考生能夠把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判

斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。

一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類:

1.確定文章的標(biāo)題和主題(titleortopic)

標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，也可以是

句子。要確定文章標(biāo)題，首先，要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，考慮標(biāo)題是否與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看

標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容。不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；然后，要注意標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大

或太小；最后，標(biāo)題應(yīng)簡練并能吸引讀者。即:1、獨(dú)特新穎2、概括性強(qiáng)3、短小精煉。

常見的標(biāo)題型題干：

1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe.

2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled.

3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

4)What'sthetopicofthearticle?

【例題】

（2018松江一模）Menareaslikelyaswomentosufferfrompostnatal（產(chǎn)后的）depression,astudyshows.

Oneintenfathers-thesameratiosasmothers-arefoundtosufferbeforeorafterbirth.Bythetime

theirchildreaches12weeks,asmanyasoneinfourarefeelingdown.

ThesymptomsobservedintheAmericanstudyarenotthoughttobehormonal—astheyarein

women-andareinsteadprobablyaresponsetothepressuresoffatherhood.Theseincludetheexpenseof

havingchildren,changedrelationshipwithpartnersandfearofpaternal（父親的）responsibility.Intheearly

weeks,thelackofsleepandextradomesticchoresalsotakethetoll.

Thestudyputtheoverallrateofdepressionamongnewfathersat10.4percent-doubletheestimated

4.8percentforallmeninany12-monthperiod.Around8percentwereaffectedinthe12weeksbeforeand

afterbirth,accordingtotheEasternVirginiaMedicalSchoolResearch.Thestudyfoundparentsweremore

likelytobedowniftheirpartnerwastoo.

Itisestimatedthataroundoneintenwomensufferspostnataldepression,eveniftheyhaveneverhad

mentalhealthproblems.Withouttreatmenttheconditioncanlastformonths.Althoughmostwomenhavea

fewdaysof“BabyBlues“shortlyafterbirth,postnataldepressioncankickinuptosixmonthslater.

Expertssaythatpaternaldepressionisseriousbecauseitcanhave^substantialemotional,behaviouraland

developmental“effectsonchildren.

58.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TherapyforDepressionB.FatherGettingBabyBlues

C.EffectsofFatherBluesD.PostnatalRecovery

Key

2.主題句(topicsentence)及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括

一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題。這個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題通常用一個(gè)句子來概括。此句叫

做主題句。一般來說，說明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中

間或末尾。但有時(shí)不能在文中直接找到主題句，要求讀者把握每段的主題句，弄清段于段之間邏輯

關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必須能簡潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和

概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋，說明，論證或擴(kuò)展.

常見的主題句和主旨型題干：

1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?

2)Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat.

3)Whatisthemainpuiposeofthepassage?

4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

【例題】

(2018松江一模)"Twocenturiesago,LewisandClarkleftSt.Louistoexplorethenewlandsacquiredin

theLouisianaPurchase,^GeorgeW.Bushsaid,announcinghisdesireforaprogramtosendmenand

womentoMars."Theymadethatjourneyinthespiritofdiscovery.Americahasventuredforthintospace

forthesamereasons.,,

YettherearevitaldifferencesbetweenLewisandClark'sexpeditionandaMarsmission......

AppealingasthethoughtoftraveltoMarsis,itdoesnotmeanthejourneymakessense,even

consideringthehumancallingtoexplore.AndMarsasadestinationforpeoplemakesabsolutelynosense

withcurrenttechnology.

PresentsystemforgettingfromEarth'ssurfacetolow-Earthorbitaresofantasticallyexpensivethat

merelylaunchingthe1,000tonsorsoofspacecraftandequipmentaMarsmissionwouldrequirecouldbe

accomplishedonlybycuttinghealth-carebenefits,educationspending,orotherimportantprogramsor

byraisingtaxes.....

ItisinterestingtonotethatwhenPresidentBushunveiledhisproposal,helistedtheserecentmajor

achievementsofspaceexplorationpicturesofevidenceofwateronMars,discoveryofmorethan100

planetsoutsideoursolarsystem,andstudyofthesoilofMars....

RatherthanspendhundredsofbillionsofdollarstohurltonstowardMarsusingcurrenttechnology,

whynottakeadecadeortwoorhowevermuchtimeisrequiredresearchingnewlaunchsystemsand

advancedpropulsion（推進(jìn)力）？Ifnewlaunchsystemscouldputweightintoorbitaffordably,andadvanced

propulsioncouldspeedupthatlong,slowtransittoMars,thedreamofsteppingontotheredplanetmight

becomereality.Marswillstillbetherewhenthetechnologyisready.

66.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Riskyasitis,aMarsmissionhelpstoretainAmerica'spositionasatechnologicalleader.

B.AMarsmissionissocostlythatitmayleadtoaneconomicdisasterinAmerica.

C.SomedaypeoplemaygotoMarsbutnotuntilitmakestechnologicalsense.

D.AMarsmissionisunnecessarysincethescientistsoncetherewon'tmakegreatdiscoveries.

Key：C

課堂典例

A

Foodandideasaboutcookingithavebeenpassingfromonepartoftheworldtoanothereversince

theStoneAgeRevolutionbeganintheMiddleEast.Theywerepartofthespreadofcivilization,though

peoplechangetheirtastesinpaintingandhousesmuchfasterthantheirtastesinfood,knowledgeofwhat

waseatenisfarlessthanknowledgeofthehousesthatwerelivedinortheclothesthatwereworn.Cookery

bookswerefewbeforethe17thcentury,andhowclosearethegeneraleatinghabitsatanyperiodtothe

cookerybookspublished?

Changeowedmoretothemovementofpeople,ofarmies,ofmerchants,ofrichlandowners,thanto

books.Beforecanals,railways,goodroads,mostpeopleatewhatcouldbeproducedwithinathirty-mile

area.Portsdidbetter,ofcourse,iftheywereonabigtraderoute.Formostpeoplefoodwasbasically

regionalfoodandtherewasnotalwaysenoughofiteither.Eveningoodareas,poorcountrypeoplehad

littletoeatsincemostofwhattheyproducedwentforsaleatlocalmarkets.Onlyrichmencouldbuy

expensiveseedstogrowunusualvegetables,oremploygardenerswhounderstoodhowtogrowfinefruit

unfamiliartotheplacetheylivedin,oraffordcookstrainedelsewheretoprovidevarietyatmealtime.

Theundoubtedadvantagesofpresent-daylarge-scalemanufactureandorganization-wonderful

cleanliness,quickdistribution,pricesthatallowfarmorepeoplethaneverinthepasttosatisfytheir

hunger-havenotsofarcometoustogetherwithanexcellentqualityofflavor.Moreover,inaworldwhere

possibilitiesareendless,businessseemstotrytolimitchoicebeyondacertainlevel.Ofthe300varietiesof

pearsthatlistedbyoneFrench17th-centurygardener-eventhoughhehadtoadmitthatonly30ofthem

werereallywortheating-onlyabouthalfadozenarenowproducedinEurope.

1.Whydoweknowsolittleaboutthefoodpeopleateinthepast?

A.Eatinghabitsusedtochangeveryquickly.

B.Therewerenocookerybooksbeforethe17th-century.

C.Peopledidnotchangetheirtastesinfoodfast.

D.Thereareveryfewpaintingsoffood.

2.Changeineatinghabitswerecausedby.

A.shortagesofbasicfood

B.themovementofpopulation

C.developmentsinagriculture

D.therecipesofforeigncooks

3.Whatistheproblemwithourfoodtoday?

A.It'stooexpensiveformanypeople.

B.It'smanufacturedtooquickly.

C.Itdoesn'ttasteasitusedto.

D.It'sexportedinverylargequantities.

4.Whatpointistheauthormakingintheexampleaboutthepearinthelastparagraph?

A.Thereisnotasmuchvarietynowasbefore.

B.Therewasmorevarietyinthepastbutqualitywasnotashigh.

C.Mostpearsthatwereproducedwerenotfittoeat.

D.ThereismorevarietyoutsideEuropethaninEurope.

【答案】l.C2.B3.C4.A

【分析】

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Theywerepartofthespreadofcivilization,thoughpeoplechangetheir

tastesinpaintingandhousesmuchfasterthantheirtastesinfood,knowledgeofwhatwaseatenisfarless

thanknowledgeofthehousesthatwerelivedinortheclothesthatwereworn.得知在過去人們對食物口

味的改變非常少，而且相對于他們的住房和繪畫的改變，以前人們事物的改變是非常慢的，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第——句Changeowedmoretothemovementofpeople,ofarmies,ofmerchants,

ofrichlandowners,thantobooks.得知人們飲食習(xí)慣的改變更多的取決于人口的移動(dòng)，故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Theundoubtedadvantagesofpresent-daylarge-scalemanufactureand

organization-wonderfulcleanliness,quickdistribution,pricesthatallowfarmorepeoplethaneverinthe

pasttosatisfytheirhunger-havenotsofarcometoustogetherwithanexcellentqualityofflavor.得知當(dāng)

今的食物雖然生產(chǎn)量很大，生產(chǎn)線的組織也很清晰，也能夠迅速的分發(fā)到更多人享用，但是卻遠(yuǎn)沒

有一個(gè)很好地口味，故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句OfIhe300varietiesofpearsthatlistedbyoneFrench

17th-centurygardener-eventhoughhehadtoadmitthatonly30ofthemwerereallywortheating-only

abouthalfadozenarenowproducedinEurope.這句話的意義是在17世紀(jì)法國的莊園標(biāo)榜有300種梨

子，雖然實(shí)際上其中只有30種值得去吃，但是現(xiàn)在只有大約6種在歐洲生產(chǎn)，故選A。

（B）

AboutOldFaithful-TheMostFamousGeysei?（間歇性噴泉）intheWorld

Discoveredin1870bytheWashbumExpedition,OldFaithfulgeyserwasnamedforitsfrequent

eruptions^賁發(fā)）一whichnumbermorethanamillionsinceYellowstonebecametheworld'sfirstnational

parkin1872.

WhendoesOldFaithfulerupt?

BasicpredictionofOldFaithfulisdependentuponthedurationofthepreviouseruption.Duringvisitor

centerhours,geyserstatisticsandpredictionsaremaintainedbythenaturaliststaff.Peoplespeakofthe

averagetimebetweeneruptions.Thisismisleading.ThemathematicalaveragebetweeneruptionsofOld

Faithfuliscurrently74minutes,butitdoesn'tliketoactaverage!Intervalscanrangefrom60-110minutes.

VisitorscancheckforpostedpredictiontimesinmostbuildingsintheOldFaithfularea.

HowhighdoesOldFaithfuleruptandhowlongwillitlast?

OldFaithfulcanvaryinheightfrom100-180feetwithanaveragenear130-140feet.Thishasbeenthe

historicalrangeofitsrecordedheight.Eruptionsnormallylastbetween1.5to5minutes.

1heardOldFaithfulisn,tasfaithfulasitusedtobe.Isitslowingdown?

Itdependsonwhatyoucallfaithful.Thefamousgeysercurrentlyeruptsaround20timesadayandcan

beoredictedwitha90oercentconfidenceratewithina10minutevariation.Priortothe1959earthauake.Old

l.YouandyourfriendjustwatchedtheeruptionofOldFaithfulat12:26p.m.,atwhattimeisitpossiblefor

youtoenjoythenextone?

A.13:10B.15:06C.14:06D.13:16

2.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementaboutOldFaithfulistrue?

A.Thegeyser'snamegivespeopleanindicationthatitalwayseruptsregularly,about20timeseachday,

onceevery74minutes.

B.Whenitiserupting,peopleshouldkeepasafedistancefromthatduetothehugeamountofwaterit

expelsaswellasitsfreezingcoldness.

C.OldFaithfulisawell-knowngeyserwhichcanexpelatleast3700gallonswatereachtimeandit's

locatedintheworld'slargestnationalpark.

D.Ifvisitorswanttochecktheeruptiontime,theymayrefertothepostedtimetables,onwhichthe

predictionsarecalculatedbythenaturalists.

3.Wheredoesthearticlemostprobablyappear?

A.TheYellowstoneofficialwebsite.

B.LocaltravelpamphletsintroducingYellowstone.

C.Arecently-issuedguidebookonYellowstone.

D.AtravelmagazinecolumnaboutYellowstone.

【答案】1.C2.D3.A

【分析】

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Intervalscanrangefrom60/10minutes.可知12:26加上110分鐘得出14:16.

所以答案C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段BasicpredictionofOldFaithfulisdependentuponthedurationoftheprevious

eruption.Duringvisitorcenterhours,geyserstatisticsandpredictionsaremaintainedbythenaturaliststaffo

3.推斷題。由文章的開頭可以看出是網(wǎng)站。

(C)

TheMacArthurFoundationlatelastmonthannounceditslatestcropof"geniusgrants”,andonce

againyouthoughtmaybeJustmaybe,thiswaslastyear.

Andwhynot?Thesedays,we'reallgeniuses.Wemightbe"marketinggeniuses"or"cooking

geniuses^^or“TVgeniuses^^.Wehavesoweakened“genius“thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof"natural”

and“mindfUl”（留心），wordsleftinactivethroughoveruseandmisuse.

Admittedly,thewordistoughtonaildown.Sometimesweassumegeniusequivalenttoraw

intelligence.Butmanyofhumanity'sgreatestbreakthroughswereachievedbythosewithonlymodestIQs.

Sometimeswethinkofthegeniusassomeoneextremelyknowledgeable,butthatdefinitionalsofalls

short.DuringAlbertEinstein'stime,otherscientistsknewmorephysicsthanEinsteindid,buthistory

doesn'trememberthem.That'sbecausetheydidn'tmakeuseofthatknowledgethewayEinsteindid.They

weren'tableto,asheputit,"regardoldquestionsfromanewangle”.

Thegeniusisnotaknow-it-allbutasee-it-all,someonewho,workingwiththematerialavailableto

allofus,isabletomakesurprisingandusefulconnections.Truegeniusinvolvesnotmerelyanextra

advance,butaconceptualleap.AsphilosopherArthurSchopenhauerputit:Talenthitsthetargetnoone

elsecanhit;geniushitsthetargetnooneelsecansee.

We'velostsightofthistruth,andtoooftengrantthetitleofgeniusontalentedpeoplehittingvisible

targets.Agoodexampleisthemuch-boastedannouncementearlierthisyearthatscientistshad,forthefirst

time,recordedthesoundoftwoblackholesbumping,abillionlight-yearsaway.Itwasaremarkable

discovery,nodoubt,butitdidnotrepresentadramaticshiftinhowweunderstandtheuniverse.Itmerely

confirmedEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.

AsPlatoobserved,4tWhatishonoredinacountryiscultivatedthere.^^Whatdowehonor?Digital

technology,andtheconvenienceitrepresents,sonaturallywegetaSteveJobsoraMarkZuckerbergasour

“geniuses”,which,inpointoffact,theyaren't.

TheiPhoneandFacebookarewonderfulinventions.Inmanyways,theymakeourlivesabiteasier,a

bitmoreconvenient.Ifanything,though,atruegeniusmakesourlivesmoredifficult,moreunsettled.

WilliamShakespeare^wordsprovidemoreanxietythanrelief,andtheworldfeltabitmoresecurebefore

CharlesDarwincamealong.ZuckerbergandJobsmayhavechangedourworld,buttheyhaven?tyet

changedourworldview.

Weneedtorecovergenius,andagoodplacetostartisbyputtingthebrakesonGeniusFlooding.

1.Thekeyfactorthatsetsgeniusesandtalentsapartisthat.

A.geniuseshavealargerrangeofknowledge

B.geniuseshaveaccesstofarmoreresources

C.geniusescanseevisibletargets

D.geniusesapproachthingsdifferently

2.ThereasonswhypeoplenaturallyregardSteveJobs&MarkZuckerbergasgeniusesincludeallthe

followingEXCEPTthat.

A.theirachievementsbringpeopleconvenience

B.theyhaveextraordinaryintelligence

C.theyarenativetothecountrywheredigitaltechnologyishighlyvalued

D.theysatisfypeople'sneedsintheageofhightechnology

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Weshouldstoptheimproperuseof“natural”and“mindftil”.

B.Thefirstrecordingoftwoblackholesbumpingeachotherisageniusbreakthrough.

C.CharlesDarwinishardlyagenius.

D.Moregeniusesremaintobefoundinourlife.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Getanewword,genius.

B.Learnfromanewmodel,genius.

C.Joininanewgroup,genius.

D.Makeanewfriend,genius.

【答案】DBAA

【分析】

1.推理題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyweren'tableto,asheputit,"regardoldquestionsfromanewangle”.可知天

才的關(guān)鍵是能夠從一個(gè)新角度看待老問題，也就是不同的處理問題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題是選非題，根據(jù)文章第七段“Digitaltechnology,andtheconvenienceitrepresents,so

naturallywegetaSteveJobsoraMarkZuckerbergasour“geniuses”可知A、D正確，同樣第七段，根

據(jù)“Whatishonoredinacountryiscultivatedthere.”可知C正確，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第六段“ItmerelyconfirmedEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.”可知B錯(cuò)，根據(jù)

第段"WiHiamShakespeare'swordsprovidemoreanxietythanreliefandtheworldfeltabitmoresecure

beforeCharlesDarwincamealong.”可知C錯(cuò)，D文章中沒有提到；根據(jù)第二段“Wehavesoweakened

“genius“thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof“natural"and"mindfUl”(留心),wordsleftinactivethrough

overuseandmisuse."可以A對

4.主旨題。根據(jù)全文可知，從第二第三段也能看出來這篇文章的主旨，主要在糾正生活中連用

“geniuses”的問題，告訴我們什么天才。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

(A)

MarthahadbeenworkingforMillerLaboratoriesfortwoyears,butshewasnothappythere.Nothing

significanthadhappenedinthewayofpromotionsorsalaryincreases.Marthafeltthathersupervisor,a

youngerandlessexperiencedpersonthanshe,didnotlikeher.Infact,thesupervisoroftensaidunpleasant

thingstoher.

Oneday,whiletalkingwithherfriendMaria,shementionedhowdiscouragedshewas.Mariagave

herthenameofacousinofherswhowasdirectorofHumanResourcesDepartmentforalargechemical

company.Marthacalledhimthenextdayandsetupaninterviewonherlunchhour.

Duringtheinterview,Mr.Petrisaid,"You'rejustthekindofpersonweneedhere.You'vebeing

wastedinyourotherjob.Givemeacallinadayortwo.I'msurewecanfindaplaceforyouinour

organization.^^Marthawassohappythatshealmostdancedoutofthebuilding.

Thatafternoon,RuthKenny,hersupervisor,sawthatMarthahadcomeintenminuteslatefromher

lunchhourandshesaid,"Oh,soyoufinallydecidedtocomebacktoworktoday?^^

Thiswasthelaststraw.Shecouldnottakeanotherinsult.Besides,Mr.Petriwasright:shewasbeing

wastedinthisjob.

“Look,“shesaidangrily,t4ifyoudon'tlikethewayIwork,Idon'tneedtostayhere.TilgowhereI'm

appreciated!Goodbye!”Shetookupherthingsandstormedoutoftheoffice.

ThatnightshecalledMariaandtoldherwhathadhappenedandthenaskedMaria,44Whatdoyou

think?”

“Well,“saidMariacarefully,4iareyousureabouttheotherjo