目錄

2008年中山大學國際翻譯學院874綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2009年中山大學國際翻譯學院633綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2014年中山大學國際翻譯學院651綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2015年中山大學國際翻譯學院651綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2016年中山大學國際翻譯學院648綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2017年中山大學國際翻譯學院646綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2018年中山大學國際翻譯學院646綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2008年中山大學國際翻譯學院874

綜合英語考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.ReadingComprehension(40%)

Passage1

“Anyhow,yearsagoHuysmangotinterestedinthestudyofidentical

twins.Hedidsomeimportantwork,goodresearch.Thereareanomaliesin

twinbehaviorthathavenotyettobeunderstoodcompletely.Iftheyare

separatedatbirthandraisedseparately,thereareoftensimilaritiesintheir

livesthatarehardtounderstand.Forinstance,sayCarolandKarenareborn

inNewYorkandKarenistakenafewmonthslatertogrowupinCalifornia.

TheybothmarryamannamedGeorgeonaJunedayinthesameyearatthe

sametime.Theybothhavetwosonsbornatthesametime.Theyhavethe

sameillnessesandthesameaccidents.Andsoon.Thisisrepeatedoverand

over.Theydon’tknowabouteachother,don’tknowtheyaretwins.Infact,

whentwinsareraisedtogetherthispatternislesslikelytooccur.”

Drewfeltataloss.“Theremustbesomereason.Imean,itisn’tjust

CarolandKaren.It’salsotheGeorgesandthepeopledrivingtheothercars

involvedwiththeiraccidents.Ornotclearingsnowofftheirsidewalks,

whatevertheaccidentsare.Infact,it’slikeaninfiniteregressionofwhatitis.

Youknow,thewhatifIhadn’tbeenonthatcorneratthetimeyoucameout,

we’dneverhavemet.Andsoon,backthroughtheirentirelives.”

1.Thebestmeaningfortheword“anomalies”asitisusedinthis

contextis_____.

A.irregularities

B.discoveries

C.illnesses

D.accidents

2.Theauthorhelpsthereaderunderstandthemeaningoftheword

“pattern”bydoingwhichofthefollowingthings?

A.Theauthordefinesthewordinthenextparagraph.

B.Theauthorgivesexamplesoftwinsraisedtogetherbeforeusingthe

word.

C.Theauthorgivesexamplesofidenticaltwins,whoareraisedapart

butrepeatedlyactalike.

D.Theauthorsaysthattwinscanberaisedapart.

3.Thebestmeaningfortheword“regression”asitisusedinthis

contextis_____.

A.forwardmovement

B.backwardmovement

C.absenceofmovement

D.circularmovement

4.Theexcerptreferstowhichtwopeopleasidenticaltwins?

A.KarenandJune.

B.KarenandCarol.

C.CarolandJune.

D.GeorgeandKaren.

5.Theexcerptstatesthatwhentwinsareraisedtogethertheyaremore

likelyto_____.

A.followsimilarpatterns

B.marrypeoplewiththesamenamesatthesametime

C.havetwomalechildren

D.followdifferentpatterns

【答案與解析】

1.A這里的“anomaliesintwinbehavior”指后文所舉的例子，即某些

尚未被弄清楚原因的雙胞胎行為的異常現象。因此anomalies與

irregularities意思相近。

2.C前文提到了兩個分開長大，但是行為相同的雙胞胎的例子，這

也正是pattern的內容。

3.BDrew認為這種現象是許多“whatif”的無限回歸，因此regression

指backwardmovement。

4.B由第一段可知，這對雙胞胎是CarolandKaren。

5.D第一段最后一句提到“whentwinsareraisedtogetherthispattern

islesslikelytooccur”，由此可見一起長大的雙胞胎會遵循不同的模式。

Passage2

WhenAmericanMovieClassicsfirstappearedoncabletelevision

networksinlate1984,peoplescoffedattheidea.Achannelshowingold

black-and-whitemovies,aroundtheclock,won’tlastlong,cable

programmerspredicted.

AMChasprovedthemverywrong.Itsaudienceforfilmsofthe1930’s,

40’sand50’sisnotonlysubstantialbutunusuallydedicated,withcable-

systemoperatorsconsistentlyidentifyingAMCasoneoftheirviewers’

favoritechannels.

SosuccessfulisAMCthatnowaseriouscompetitorforthatfilm-loving

audiencehasrisen.Therival,TurnerClassicMovies,whichbeganalmosta

yearago,hasbyallaccountstheworld’sbestclassicfilmlibrary.Thismonth

alone,inasalutetotheAcademyAwards,TCMisshowingnothingbut

movieswithOscarwinnersorOscarnominees,24hoursaday,allmonth—

325filmsinall.

ButTCMalsohasamajorproblem:itbeamsintoonly3millionhomes

nationwide,mainlythosewithsatellite-dishreception.AMC,bycontrast,

reaches54millionhouseholds,practicallyasmanyasCNN.

Turnerhasthemovies;AMChastheviewers.Thequestioniswhether

theirroleswillreverse,onceTCMbecomesmorewidelyavailable,because

ofthedifferenceinhowtheyacquiretheirmovies.AMCownsnoneofthe

filmsitshows,whileTurnerownsmorethan3,300.Addingmoviesavailable

toeachchannelthroughlicensingagreementswiththestudiosthatownthe

films,and,inthecourseofayear,Turnerprogrammershaveaccessto

between4,500and5,000movies,whileAMCprogrammerscanchoosefrom

1,000atmost.ManyonAMCarerepeated,oftenonthesameday.

Still,mostofAMC’slicensingagreementsruntotheyear2008,andits

executivevicepresidentandgeneralmanager,KateMcEnroe,saysthereare

enoughmoviesavailablenow“forseveralnetworks.”Shealsoarguesthat

quality,notquantity,istheissue.“Wecherry-pickthebestfromallthe

studios,”shesaid.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theinitialresponsetoAmericanMovie

Classicwas_____.

A.enthusiastic

B.frightened

C.doubtful

D.excited

7.TheauthorimpliesthatAMCismoresuccessfulthanTCMbecause

_____.

A.itbroadcastsabetterselectionoffilms

B.itreachesalargernumberofhouseholds

C.TCMdoesn’tknowhowtoadvertise

D.itbeganbroadcastingbeforeTCM

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcomparedbytheauthor?

A.Numberofhouseholdsbroadcastto.

B.Movieinventories.

C.Leaseswithstudios.

D.Qualityofmoviesshown.

9.ItcanbeconcludedthatifTCMweretoincreaseitsbroadcastingarea

_____.

A.itwouldtakealargenumberofAMCviewers

B.itwouldstillbelesspopularthanAMC

C.itwouldloseitspresentviewers

D.itcouldonlyshowfilmswithOscarwinners

10.IfAMCweretobeginleasingandbuyingalargeselectionoffilms,

itcould_____.

A.continueitshabitofrepeatingfilmsonthesameday

B.loseitsaudiencetoTCM

C.becomeeventoughercompetitionforTCM

D.decreasesthenumberofhouseholdsitbroadcaststo

【答案與解析】

6.C由第一句中“peoplescoffedattheidea”可知，人們對這個想法并

不看好。

7.B由第四段可知，TCM的缺點在于覆蓋的用戶數量少，而AMC

覆蓋用戶的數量幾乎與CNN同樣多。

8.D第四段中比較了二者的用戶覆蓋數量，倒數第二段比較了二者

的電影數量，倒數第二段和最后一段比較了二者與電視頻道的協議，因

此并沒有比較二者放映電影的質量。

9.A由第三段和第四段可知，TCM的電影質量很高，但是缺點在于

覆蓋用戶少，因此如果其能增加覆蓋面積，將會吸引大量AMC的觀

眾。

10.C由倒數第二段中“AMCprogrammerscanchoosefrom1,000at

most.ManyonAMCarerepeated,oftenonthesameday”可知，AMC的缺

點在于電影數量少，因此如果其增加電影數量，將會增加競爭力。

Passage3

Evenbeforetherewerepeople,therewerecasesofairpollution.

Volcanoeserupted,spewingashandpoisonousgasesintotheatmosphere.

Therewereduststorms.Gasescollectedovermarshes.Whenpeople

appearedonthesceneandbegantheirconquestofnature,theyalsobeganto

pollutetheair.Theyclearedland,whichmadepossibleeverlargerdust

storms.Theybuiltcities,andthehorriblesmellfromtheirwastefilledtheair.

TheRomanauthorSenecawroteinA.D.61ofthe“stink,sootandheavyair”

oftheimperialcity.In1257,theQueenofEnglandwasforcedtomoveaway

fromthecityofNottinghambecausetheheavysmokewasunendurable.

Theindustrialrevolutionbroughtevenworseairpollution.Coalwas

burnedtopowerfactoriesandtoheathomes.Blackpowder,smoke,and

sulfurdioxidefilledtheair.Thegoodolddays?Notinthefactorytowns.But

therewerelargeruralareasunaffectedbyairpollution.

Withincreasingpopulation,theentireworldisbecomingmoreurban.It

isthehugemegalopolisesthataremostaffectedbyairpollution.Butrural

areasarenotunaffected.Intheneighborhoodsaroundsmokyfactories,there

isevidenceofincreasedratesofspontaneousabortionandofpoorwool

qualityinsheep,decreasedeggproductionandhighmortalityinchickens,

andincreasedfoodandcarerequiredforcattle.ThegiantPonderosapinesare

dyingoverahundredmilesfromthesmog-plaguedLosAngelesbasin.

OrbitingastronautsvisuallytraceddriftingblobsofLosAngelessmogasfar

eastaswesternColorado.Otherastronauts,over100kilometersup,wereable

toseetheplumesofsmokefromtheFourCornerspowerplantnear

Farmington,NewMexico.Thiswastheonlyevidencefromthatdistancethat

Earthisinhabited.

TrafficpoliceinTokyohavetoweargasmasksandtake“oxygen

breaks”—breathingoccasionallyfromtanksofoxygen.SmoginAthensat

timeshasforcedfactoryclosingsandtrafficrestrictions.AcidraininCanada

isspawnedbyairpollutionintheUnitedStates,contributingtostrained

relationshipsbetweenthetwocountries.Sydney,Rome,Tehran,Ankara,

MexicoCity,andmostothermajorcitiesintheworldhavehadfrightening

episodesofairpollution.

11.Thepassageimpliesthatairpollution_____.

A.wasoriginallycausedbytheindustrialrevolution

B.affectsonlyurbanareas

C.hasnaturalaswellasmanmadecauses

D.seriouslyaffectsthenervoussystemsofbothpeopleandanimals

12.TheauthorusesboththeRomanauthorSenecaandtheQueenof

England(paragraph1)asevidencethat_____.

A.civilizationhasnecessarilycausedairpollution

B.airpollutionwasn’ttootroublesomeinearlycities

C.urbanairpollutionisnotjustamodernproblem

D.recently,thelevelofairpollutionhasrisendramatically

13.Theorbitingastronautsarediscussedbytheauthor(paragraph3)in

orderto_____.

A.demonstratetheincreasedurbanizationofmoderncivilization

B.provethatairpollutionisaninevitableconsequenceofhuman

progress

C.supporttheclaimthatpollutionhasbecomethedefining

characteristicofmodernsociety

D.provideevidencethatpollutionisnolongerrestrictedtourbanareas

14.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatairpollutioncausesallthe

followingEXCEPT_____.

A.difficultiesininternationalrelations

B.highlevelsoflungdisease

C.otherwiseunnecessaryclosingsofbusiness

D.changesinworkhabits

15.Theevidenceofpollutionofferedinthepassageprovidessupportfor

whichoneofthefollowingclaims?

A.Ifsocietycontinuesalongthesamepathofdevelopment,airpollution

willmostlikelycontinuetoincrease.

B.Ifnothingisdonetocontrolairpollution,civilizationwilleventually

destroybothitselfanditsenvironment.

C.Unlesssocietydecentralizesitsmajorurbanregions,theseareaswill

becomeuninhabitable.

D.Ifallthemajorindustrializednationscannotagreetocontrol

pollution,nonewillbeabletosucceed.

【答案與解析】

11.C由第一段中“Evenbeforetherewerepeople,therewerecasesof

airpollution…Whenpeopleappearedonthesceneandbegantheirconquest

ofnature,theyalsobegantopollutetheair”可知，自然中本來就有污染環

境的自然現象，人類出現后也開始污染環境。

12.C這兩個例子是關于工業革命發生之前，人類活動對于環境的

污染，后文介紹了工業革命之后的情況，由此可見環境污染并不是現代

社會所獨有的。

13.D第三段中提出“Butruralareasarenotunaffected”，后面舉了一

系列例子來說明這一觀點，其中包括宇航員的例子。

14.B最后一段提到，東京的交警在工作時要帶上防毒面罩，雅典

的一些工廠在霧霾嚴重時需要關閉，美國造成的空氣污染使其與加拿大

之間的關系緊張，因此并沒有提到肺病。

15.B文章中的例子表明，污染對于人類和自然環境均產生了很大

的不良影響，因此如果不采取措施控制污染，人類和環境終將毀滅。

Passage4

WhenyoufastsawapieceofAfricanart,itimpressedyouasaunit;you

didnotseeitasacollectionofshapesorforms.This,ofcourse,meansthat

theshapesandvolumeswithinthesculpturewerecoordinatedsosuccessfully

thattheviewerwasaffectedemotionally.

Itisentirelyvalidtoaskhow,fromapurelyartisticpointofview,this

unitywasachieved.Andwemustalsoinquirewhetherthereisarecurrent

patternofrulesoraplasticlanguageandvocabularywhichisresponsiblefor

thepowerfulcommunicationofemotionwhichthebestAfricansculpture

achieves.Ifthereissuchapatternorrules,aretheserulesapplied

consciouslyorinstinctivelytoobtainsomanyworksofsuchhighartistic

quality?

Itisobviousfromthestudyofarthistorythatanintenseandunified

emotionalexperience,whenexpressedinartform,gavegreatunity,

coherence,andpowertoart.Butsuchanintegratedfeelingwasonlythe

inspirationalelementfortheartist,onlythestartingpointofthecreativeart.

Theexpressionofthisemotionanditsrealizationintheworkcouldbedone

onlywithdisciplineandthoroughknowledgeofthecraft.AndtheAfrican

sculptorwasahighlytrainedworkman.Hestartedhisapprenticeshipwitha

masterwhenachild,andhelearnedthetribalstylesandtheuseoftoolsand

thenatureofwoodssothoroughlythathiscarvingbecamewhatBoascalls

“motoraction.”Hecarvedautomaticallyandinstinctively.

TheAfricancarverfollowedhisruleswithoutthinkingofthem;indeed,

theyneverseemtohavebeenformulatedinwords.Butsuchrulesexisted,for

accidentandcoincidencecannotexplainthecommonplasticlanguageof

Africansculpture.Thereistoogreataconsistencyfromoneworktoanother.

Yet,althoughtheAfrican,withamazinginsightintoart,usedrules,Iam

certainthathewasnotconsciousofthem.Thisisthegreatmysteryofsucha

traditionalart:talent,ortheabilitycertainpeoplehave,withoutconscious

effort,tofollowtheruleswhichlatertheanalystcandiscoveronlyfromthe

workofartwhichhasalreadybeencreated.

Note:plasticlanguage:languageofsculpture

16.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthesuccessofAfricanart?

A.Acollectionofshapesorforms.

B.Theemotionalexperiencesoftheviewer.

C.Asetofrulesforcommunicatingemotions.

D.Theunityachievedbetweenshapesandvolumes.

17.Fromthethirdparagraphwelearnthat_____.

A.artisticinspirationcomesfromintenseandunifiedemotional

experience

B.thestartingpointofartislinkedwithunityandcoherence

C.theartistexpresseshisemotionwithdiscipline

D.artformsarerealizedbymotoraction

18.WhichofthefollowingdidNOTleadto“motoraction”ofthe

Africansculptor?

A.Hefollowedamasteratanearlyage.

B.Herecitedasetofunifiedrules.

C.Heacquiredthoroughknowledgeofthecraft.

D.Hewasfamiliarwiththecarvingmaterials.

19.ThegreatmysteryofAfricanartliesinthefactthat_____.

A.thesculptorcombinedtheruleswiththeplasticlanguageofsculpture

B.theruleswereformulatedbyaccident

C.thesculptordevelopedgreatinsightintoart

D.consistencywasachievedwithoutconsciouseffort

20.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A.TheAchievementsofAfricanArt

B.EmotioninAfricanSculpture

C.UnityinAfricanArt

D.TheMysteryofTraditionalArt

【答案與解析】

16.D由第一段“theshapesandvolumeswithinthesculpturewere

coordinatedsosuccessfullythattheviewerwasaffectedemotionally”可知，

雕塑形狀與體積的統一十分完美，使人們產生了情感共鳴。

17.A根據“suchanintegratedfeelingwasonlytheinspirationalelement

fortheartist”可知，藝術靈感來源于強烈而統一的情感體驗。

18.B由第三段中“Hestartedhisapprenticeshipwithamasterwhena

child,andhelearnedthetribalstylesandtheuseoftoolsandthenatureof

woodssothoroughly…Hecarvedautomaticallyandinstinctively”可知，B項

并不是導致motoraction的原因。

19.D最后一段對這種神秘之處的解釋是“talent,ortheabilitycertain

peoplehave,withoutconsciouseffort,tofollowtheruleswhich…”。

20.D文章討論了非洲雕塑中的unity，并指出其形成于雕刻師雕刻

過程中無意識的努力。

Ⅱ.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.(10%)

1.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,newthinkingaboutsymbolismandthe

unconsciousweregreatlyinspiredbythewritingsofSigmundFreudandCarl

Jung.

【答案】were→was

【解析】句子的主語為thinking，因此be動詞要用單數。

2.Ifhebeganearlier,hemighthavesucceededinfinishingthe

extremelycomplexprojectbeforethedeadline.

【答案】began→hadbegun

【解析】if從句與過去事實相反，因此應該用haddone形式。

3.Theboardreviewedthecoursesofferedbythecollegefoundthatthe

qualityofacademicprogramswasgenerallygoodbutsomewhatuneven.

【答案】reviewed→reviewing

【解析】“reviewingthecoursesofferedbythecollege”為board的定

語，review與board之間為主動關系，因此用reviewing。

4.Accordingtothecritics,theMTVawardsceremonywastasteless,

accordingtotheaudience,itwasbetterthanever.

【答案】better→worse

【解析】由“tasteless”可知MTV頒獎典禮很無趣，因此應將better改

為worse。

5.Eachyear,aboutfiftythousandbooksarepublishedinGreatBritain;

thatissomanyasinthefour-times-largerUnitedStates.

【答案】so→as

【解析】表達“和……一樣多”應該用“asmanyas”。

6.Thestrikecannotbesettleduntilthegrowersagreetoimprovehealth-

carebenefitsandtheworkerhousing.

【答案】andthe中的the去掉

【解析】這句話中“workerhousing”不是特指，因此應該去掉定冠詞

the。

7.One’sreachingfirstplateaudoesnotguaranteethatyouwillcomplete

theclimbtothesummit.

【答案】firstplateau→thefirstplateau

【解析】序數詞前面需要加定冠詞the。

8.Nomatterhowcarefulmedicationisprescribed,italwayshasthe

potentialofcausingserioussideeffects.

【答案】careful→carefully

【解析】由于修飾動詞prescribed，因此要用副詞形式carefully。

9.BrianhaslearnedmoreaboutcurrentcinemafromA.O.Scott’s

reviewsthananyothercritic.

【答案】thanany→thanfromany

【解析】than前后為平行結構，因此都需要有介詞from。

10.Theflierdeliveredtoourdoorsaid,“Theeffectofcellphoneuseon

braincellscannotbedetermineduntilfartherresearchisconducted.”

【答案】farther→further

【解析】這里指“進一步的研究”，因此應用表示程度上更進一步

的“further”。

Ⅲ.EnglishComposition(40%)

Readthefollowingarticleandwritea400-wordessayinEnglishbased

onitsideas,withemphasisonculturaldialogue,culturalidentityandcultural

misreading.MarkswillbegiveninconsiderationofContent,Organization,

GrammarandAppropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionwillresultin

lossofmarks.

隨俗

（原載《羊城晚報》2000年12月25日、2001年1月8日）

英國的交通靠左行，英國人接吻也習慣左頰先上。第二次世界大戰

期間，美國軍隊開到英國本土。美軍小伙子與英國姑娘接吻時卻習慣右

頰先上。為了避免撞鼻子，美軍司令部下令士兵要入鄉隨俗，接吻時左

頰先上。可是，撞鼻子事件仍然發生，原來英國婦女團體也叫姑娘們在

接吻時改為美國式的右頰先上，以示友好。這樁趣事在柏楊先生的一篇

隨筆里有記載。

然而，隨俗不一定非要入鄉。其實，大多數情況下我們還是見人隨

俗。比如在中國的飛機場迎接西方客人，如果來的是異性，而接機者了

解西方習俗，就會很自然地上前禮節性地擁抱一下對方，并且友好地貼

貼臉。中國這個“鄉”里異性之間不輕易有身體接觸的“俗”在這時已經被

忽略了。我在異邦也有過見人隨俗的經歷。記得在離開劍橋回國前夕，

我的導師請我吃飯，飯后沿著劍河散步。他忽然停下來，在河邊的柳樹

上折了一根嫩枝，默默地交到我手里。這位熟悉中國古典詩詞，曾為

《玉臺新詠》英譯本寫過評論文章的英國詩人，按照中國古代文人贈柳

送別的習俗，為我送行呢。那是1990年春天的一個黃昏，劍河邊的垂柳

正綻出點點鵝黃……

大體來看，入鄉隨俗或見人隨俗反映了人們對異質文化的了解和尊

重。但是有時隨俗也有別的目的。圣誕節的產生和變化就是一個很好的

例子。

人們總以為圣誕節真的是耶穌的誕辰，其實不然。就連耶穌是哪一

年出生的也沒有準確的答案。大約相當于公元6世紀的時候，一位名叫

第奧尼修斯·埃茲吉亞沃斯(DionysiusExiguous)的古羅馬修士提出以耶穌

誕生的那一年為紀元1年的基督教歷法代替當時使用的由羅馬皇帝戴克

里先(Diocletian,243?—316?)制定的歷法。他根據《圣經·路加福音》所

載，判定耶穌在30歲上開始傳道，而為耶穌施洗禮的約翰在耶穌之前就

開始傳道，據記載時間是在奧古斯都大帝的女婿提比略皇帝(Diberius)在

位第15年，相當于公元29年。所謂公元1年就是第奧尼修斯·埃茲吉亞沃

斯按這些資料大約推斷出來的，其實非常不準確。后來有學者根據《圣

經·馬太福音》的記載，即耶穌大概在希律大帝(HerodⅠtheGreat)逝世

的時候出生，考證出希律大帝是在公元前4年逝世，耶穌應該在此之前

不久出生，可能是公元前5、6或者7年。這樣一來也就是說我們目前使

用的公歷的第一年并非耶穌出生的年份。

至于耶穌是在哪一天出生的，也沒有確實的記載，所謂圣誕節則是

在公元440年才由教會隨俗而定。12月25日這一天是當年的冬至。原先

不信上帝的人們一向把這一天視為節日，有各種慶祝活動。英國甚至在

1752年改用格里高里歷法之前一直以12月25日為新年第一天。所謂圣誕

裝飾則來自古羅馬人每年12月過農神節(Saturn)時裝飾廟宇的習俗。圣

誕老人則是民間傳說中的兒童保護神，與基督教教義無關。出于宣傳基

督教的目的，教會把一個本來是世俗的節日改變為宗教的節日。

此后，這個節日的宗教色彩逐漸濃厚。圣誕節要擺圣誕樹就與基督

教圣徒的事跡有關了。傳說在公元8世紀有一位圣徒波尼非斯(St.

Boniface)在德國傳教，遇見一群不信上帝的人以男童作為祭品供奉一棵

老橡樹，波尼非斯救下了小男孩，砍倒橡樹，說服了這幫異教徒皈依上

帝，并指示他們以樅樹為基督圣嬰的象征。這件事情剛好發生在12月，

于是圣誕節的裝飾中又多了圣誕樹。

當圣誕節作為宗教節日逐漸成為習俗的同時，人們又用自己的溫情

去隨這個俗，使圣誕節變得世俗化。這一天被看作是闔家團圓的日子。

小孩子們盼望著一覺醒來床頭會有塞了禮物的襪子。1846年英國出現第

一張商業性的圣誕卡，上面畫著一家人圍在一起，興高采烈地喝酒。此

后，圣誕節前互送賀卡成為時尚。

商人也把圣誕節看作一個賺錢的好時機，之前一、兩個月就廣為宣

傳，圣誕大減價和圣誕購物熱潮隨之興起。現在連東方國家的商人也隨

這個俗，為圣誕節忙乎起來，其心思恐怕只在商機。

隨俗的背后有許多奧妙呢!

【參考范文】

Communicationisanimportantmeansofexpressingoneselfbecauseit

existsindifferentways.Differentkindofexpressionsdependsontheculture

onebelongsto.Thewayofcommunicatingwillnotbethesameasother

countriesanditisimportanttoknowsomevaluesofotherculturesandsoof

otherwaysofcommunicating.

Apersonwhocomesfromacertaincountrydoesnotnecessarilygetthe

sameideasabouttime,death,identity,asanotheronefromadifferent

countrybecauseeachpersonhasitsownidentity.Culturalidentityisthe

identityofagrouporculture,orofanindividualasfarasoneisinfluenced

byone’sbelongingtoagrouporculture.First,anationalidentityisdefined

bythename,citizenship,anda“personal”identityiscustoms,opinionsabout

issuesorpersonalexperienceinlife.Sometimes,identitycanbemodifiedor

influencedbydifferentfactors,suchaslivingenvironment.

Onecangethisownopinionsaboutsomething,butonecanstillbe

“influenced”byhisfamilysurroundingorthesocietywherehelives

(especiallysomenationsthatparentsandevensocietyteachhimpatriotismor

nationalismwhenheisachild).Thisinfluencecanreplacehisprevious

visionoflifeandchangehiswayofexpressinghimself.Onecanalsoadapt

thisinfluenceinhisownwayanditcanberesultedinadifferentwayof

communicating.

Inspiteofacertaininfluencecomingfromaclosesurrounding,

everyonecandevelophisownidentitythroughopinionsandexperience.

Evenwithinaclosegroupofpeople,eachpersongetsdifferent.Suchcross-

culturalcommunicationsometimescanbedifficult.Theyareoriginatedfrom

misunderstanding,discriminationormerelyunfamiliarwithotherculture.

Theinfluencesofsuchmisunderstandingsareusuallynegative.Forexample,

ournegotiationwithforeignpartnersmaybehinderedbythelackofrelevant

knowledgeoftheirculture.

Insomecountries,somelocalcustomsandbehaviorsaremostly

regulatedbythereligionofthecountry,whichisverysensitivetomost

people.Forinstance,insomeIslamiccountries,governmentsprohibit

drinkingalcoholfortouristsoraskwomentouriststowearsomespecific

dresses.AndinsomeAsiancountries,whenvisitingatemple,touristsarenot

allowedtowearshortsorslippers,whicharesymbolsofdisrespect.

Cross-culturalcommunicationisinevitableandofvitalimportance.In

culturaldialogues,peopleneedtofullyrespectthecultureofothercountries

andmakeeffortstoavoidmisunderstanding.

【解析】

題目中給出了一段材料，要求從文化對話、文化認同和文化誤讀方

面寫一篇400字的文章。

范文第一段首先提出不同國家的交流方式不同。第二段對文化認同

進行了討論。第三段和第四段提出一個人對外界的認識由自身與外界環

境共同決定。第五段提出了一些國家的獨特風俗。最后一段作者總結

到，跨文化交流十分重要，人們要充分尊重外國文化，避免文化誤讀。

Ⅳ.Translation

A.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Writeyourtranslation

ontheANSWERSHEET.(20%)

Thedifficultiesofknowingthecontemporaryarewellknown.

Knowledge,itisoftenclaimed,canonlybegainedandenjoyedaboutwhatis

insomesenseoveranddonewith.Theclaimtoknowthecontemporaryis

thereforeoftenseenasakindofconceptualviolence,afixingofthefluidand

formlessenergiesoftheurgently(huttenuously)presentnowintoa

knowableandspeakableform,byfundamentalandirrevocableactsofcritical

choosing.Thisformulationrestsupontheinherentdivisionbetween

experienceandknowledge,abeliefthat,whenweexperiencelife,wecan

onlypartiallyunderstandit,andthenwetrytounderstandlife,weareno

longerreallyexperiencingit.Accordingtothismodel,knowledgeisalways

doomedtoarrivetoolateonthesceneofexperience.

【參考譯文】

眾所周知，認識同時代的事物是困難的。人們常說，知識在某種意

義上只有事后才能獲得和擁有。因此，認識同時代的主張經常被視為一

種概念上的暴力——它通過根本的、無法逆轉的批判性選擇，將迫切

（但卻模糊的）現在所具有的流動、無形的能量固定。使之具有一種可

知可談的形式。這一構成依賴于一種經驗與認識之間的內在分裂，即這

一信念：當我們處于生活之中時，我們智能部分地認識它；當我們試圖

認識生活時，我們其實已經不再處于那段生活的經歷之中了。根據這一

模式，認識注定過遲地出現在經驗當場。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslation

ontheANSWERSHEET.(20%)

中國古代有個寓言，叫做“愚公移山”。說的是古代有一位老人，住

在華北，名叫北山愚公。他的家門南面有兩座大山擋住他家的出路，一

座叫做太行山，一座叫做王屋山。愚公下決心率領他的兒子們要用鋤頭

挖去這兩座大山。有個老頭子名叫智叟的看了發笑，說是你們這樣干未

免太愚蠢了，你們父子數人要挖掉這樣兩座大山是完全不可能的。愚公

回答說：我死了以后有我的兒子，兒子死了，又有孫子，子子孫孫是沒

有窮盡的。這兩座山雖然很高，卻是不會再增高了，挖一點就會少一

點，為什么挖不平呢?愚公批駁了智叟的錯誤思想，毫不動搖，每天挖

山不止。

【參考譯文】

ThereisanancientChinesefablecalled“TheFoolishOldManWho

RemovedtheMountains”.IttellsofanoldmanwholivedinnorthernChina

long,longagoandwasknownastheFoolishOldManofNorthMountain.

Hishousefacedsouthandbeyondhisdoorwaystoodthetwogreatpeaks,

TaihangandWangwu,obstructingtheway.Hecalledhissons,andhoein

handtheybegantodigupthesemountainswithgreatdetermination.Another

greybeard,knownastheWiseOldMan,sawthemandsaidderisively,“How

sillyofyoutodothis!Itisquiteimpossibleforyoufewtodigupthosetwo

hugemountains.”TheFoolishOldManreplied,“WhenIdie,mysonswill

carryon;whentheydie,therewillbemygrandsons,andthentheirsonsand

grandsons,andsoontoinfinity.Highastheyare,themountainscannotgrow

anyhigherandwitheverybitwedig,theywillbethatmuchlower.Why

can’tweclearthemaway?”HavingrefutedtheWiseOldMan’swrongview,

hewentondiggingeveryday,unshakeninhisconviction.

Ⅴ.LiteraturePart

A.Choosethecorrectanswerfromeachofthefollowing.(10%)

1.ThemostfamousoftheEnglishCrusaderswastheNormanking,

_____.

A.RichardLion-Heart

B.KingJohn

CKingArthur

D.AlfredtheGreat

【答案】A

【解析】理查一世（1157~1199），英格蘭金雀花王朝第二任國王，

即著名的稱為獅心王理查（RichardLion-Heart）；他絕大部分時間都用

于對外征戰，將英國看作籌集對外軍事行動費用的來源；他接受教皇的

邀請，參與了第三次十字軍遠征（theCrusade）。

2.Shakespearelivedintheperiodof_____.

AtheMiddleAges

B.theVictorianage

C.theElizabethanage

D.theIndustrialRevolution

【答案】C

【解析】伊麗莎白一世統治時期（1558~1603），英國文學，特別是

戲劇繁榮發展，達到高峰，涌現出了一大批杰出的文學大師，比如莎士

比亞（1564~1616）是其中的代表人物。

3.WhichofthefollowingisnotaNewEnglandstate?

A.Connecticut.

B.NewYorkState.

C.NewHampshire.

D.Vermont.

【答案】B

【解析】新英格蘭地區包括六個州：Maine緬因州、NewHampshire

新罕布什爾州、Vermont佛蒙特州、RhodeIsland羅得島州、Connecticut

康涅狄格州與Massachusetts馬薩諸塞州。因此B選項正確。

4.WhichofthefollowingishomeofthegreatAmericangods:Ford,

GeneralMotorsandChrysler?

A.Chicago,Illinois.

B.Chicago,Michigan.

C.Detroit,Illinois.

D.Detroit,Michigan.

【答案】D

【解析】Detroit底特律，位于美國東北部，是密歇根州最大的城

市，建于1815年；它是世界傳統汽車中心汽車業，又名“汽車之城”；這

里是美國三大汽車公司：福特，通用以及克萊斯勒的總部所在地。

5.Whichofthefollowingwasnotatruedescriptionofsouthernblacks’

situationaftertheCivilWar?

A.Theywereprovidedseparatebutequalfacilitiesandservices.

BTheyweresecond-classcitizens.

C.TheywereterrorizedbytheKuKluxKlan.

D.Theirfreedomwasrestrictedby“blackcodes”.

【答案】A

【解析】美國內戰后，黑人名義上獲得了平等，但事實上地位依然

很低，權利也得不到保障；他們還受到三K黨的暴力威脅；從19世紀70

年代開始，美國南部各州制定了《黑人法典》，對黑人實行種族隔離或

種族歧視。選項A與事實不符，為正確答案。

B.Answerthefollowingquestion.(10%)

HowdidtheblackssufferinAmericanhistory?Whatisthecurrent

situation?

【答案】

(1)Asanationofimmigrants,theUnitedStatescontainsvariousraces

andethnic