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Iwantyoutolookaroundtheroomforaminuteandtrytofindthemostparanoidpersonhere.首先,請(qǐng)大家看看周圍,試著找出最像妄想狂的人。
AndthenIwantyoutopointatthatpersonforme.然后指給我看下。
OK,don’tactuallydoit.好啦,別當(dāng)真。
But,asanorganizationalpsychologist,Ispendalotoftimeinworkplaces,andIfindparanoiaeverywhere.ParanoiaiscausedbypeoplethatIcall“takers”.Takersareself-servingintheirinteractions.It’sallaboutwhatcanyoudoforme.Theoppositeisagiver.It’ssomebodywhoapproachesmostinteractionsbyasking,“WhatcanIdoforyou?”不過(guò),作為一個(gè)研究組織心理學(xué)的人,我花了很多時(shí)間研究職場(chǎng),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都有妄想癥。引發(fā)妄想癥的人,我稱其“索取者”。索取者在職場(chǎng)互動(dòng)中總是以自利為目的。他們總在想:“你能為我做什么?”這些人的對(duì)立面叫“付出者”。他們?cè)诼殘?chǎng)互動(dòng)中總是想:“我能為你做什么?”
Iwantedtogiveyouachancetothinkaboutyourownstyle.Weallhavemomentsofgivingandtaking.Yourstyleishowyoutreatmostofthepeoplemostofthetime,yourdefault.Ihaveashorttestyoucantaketofigureoutifyou’remoreofagiverorataker,andyoucantakeitrightnow.大家可以想想自己是哪種類型。我們都有付出和索取的時(shí)候。你的類型取決于大多數(shù)時(shí)候你對(duì)待大多數(shù)人的方式,那也就是你的默認(rèn)類型。我這里有個(gè)小測(cè)試,看看你們偏向于付出者還是索取者。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始!
Step1:Takeamomenttothinkaboutyourself.第一步:花點(diǎn)時(shí)間想想自己。
Step2:IfyoumadeittoStep2,youarenotanarcissist.第二步:如果你到了第二步,那你就不是自戀的人。
ThisistheonlythingIwillsaytodaythathasnodatabehindit,butIamconvincedthelongerittakesforyoutolaughatthiscartoon,themoreworriedweshouldbethatyou’reataker.這是我今天講到的唯一沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)支撐的東西,但我覺(jué)得,你在笑之前沉迷于自己的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),我們就越擔(dān)心你是索取者。
Ofcourse,notalltakersarenarcissists.Somearejustgiverswhogotburnedonetoomanytimes.Thenthere’sanotherkindoftakerthatwewon’tbeaddressingtoday,andthat’scalledapsychopath.當(dāng)然,不是所有索取者都很自戀。有些是被傷害過(guò)太多次的付出者。還有另一種索取者,我們今天不作討論,那就是精神變態(tài)者。
Iwascurious,though,abouthowcommontheseextremesare,andsoIsurveyedover30,000peopleacrossindustriesaroundtheworld’scultures.AndIfoundthatmostpeoplearerightinthemiddlebetweengivingandtaking.Theychoosethisthirdstylecalled“matching.”Ifyou’reamatcher,youtrytokeepanevenbalanceofgiveandtake:quidproquo—I’lldosomethingforyouifyoudosomethingforme.Andthatseemslikeasafewaytoliveyourlife.Butisitthemosteffectiveandproductivewaytoliveyourlife?Theanswertothatquestionisaverydefinitive...maybe.然而,我很好奇這種極端的人有多普遍,于是研究了三萬(wàn)多人,他們來(lái)自不同的行業(yè),有著不同的文化背景。結(jié)果我發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)人正好處在付出和索取的中間。他們選擇了第三種類型,叫作“互利”。如果你是互利者,你會(huì)力求付出與索取的平衡:等價(jià)交換——如果你幫了我,我就會(huì)幫你。這似乎是一種穩(wěn)妥的生活方式。但這種生活方式是最高效的嗎?答案非常確定……可能吧!
Istudieddozensoforganizations,thousandsofpeople.Ihadengineersmeasuringtheirproductivity.我研究了許多組織,成千上萬(wàn)人。我讓工程師們估測(cè)自己的工作效率。
Ilookedatmedicalstudents’grades—evensalespeople’srevenue.我看了醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)生的成績(jī),甚至營(yíng)銷人員的收入。
And,unexpectedly,theworstperformersineachofthesejobswerethegivers.Theengineerswhogottheleastworkdoneweretheoneswhodidmorefavorsthantheygotback.Theyweresobusydoingotherpeople’sjobs,theyliterallyranoutoftimeandenergytogettheirownworkcompleted.Inmedicalschool,thelowestgradesbelongtothestudentswhoagreemoststronglywithstatementslike,“Ilovehelpingothers,”whichsuggeststhedoctoryououghttotrustistheonewhocametomedschoolwithnodesiretohelpanybody.出乎意料的是,上述工作中表現(xiàn)最差的都是付出者。完成任務(wù)最少的工程師總是幫別人多,回報(bào)卻很少。他們光給別人干活兒了,完全沒(méi)有時(shí)間和精力干自己的活兒。在醫(yī)學(xué)院,成績(jī)最差的學(xué)生基本都十分贊同類似“我很樂(lè)于助人”這樣的說(shuō)法,這說(shuō)明你得以信賴的醫(yī)生在讀醫(yī)學(xué)院時(shí)并沒(méi)有幫助他人的意愿。
Andtheninsales,too,thelowestrevenueaccruedinthemostgeneroussalespeople.Iactuallyreachedouttooneofthosesalespeoplewhohadaveryhighgiverscore.AndIaskedhim,“Whydoyousuckatyourjob–”Ididn’taskitthatway,but—銷售行業(yè)也是如此,收入最低的總是最慷慨的銷售人員。我曾經(jīng)接觸過(guò)其中一個(gè)付出者分?jǐn)?shù)很高的。我問(wèn)他:“你怎么做得這么爛——”其實(shí)我沒(méi)這么問(wèn),而是——
“What’sthecostofgenerosityinsales?”Andhesaid,“Well,IjustcaresodeeplyaboutmycustomersthatIwouldneversellthemoneofourcrappyproducts."“做銷售時(shí),慷慨大方的代價(jià)是什么?”他說(shuō):“哦,我太在意我的客戶了,絕不會(huì)把垃圾產(chǎn)品賣給他們。”
Sojustoutofcuriosity,howmanyofyouself-identifymoreasgiversthantakersormatchers?Raiseyourhands.OK,itwouldhavebeenmorebeforewetalkedaboutthesedata.所以,我想問(wèn)問(wèn),只是出于好奇,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有多少人,比起索取者和互利者,覺(jué)得自己更偏向于付出者?請(qǐng)舉手。好吧,如果我沒(méi)講這些數(shù)據(jù),人應(yīng)該會(huì)更多。
Butactually,itturnsoutthere’satwisthere,becausegiversareoftensacrificingthemselves,buttheymaketheirorganizationsbetter.Wehaveahugebodyofevidence—many,manystudieslookingatthefrequencyofgivingbehaviorthatexistsinateamoranorganization—andthemoreoftenpeoplearehelpingandsharingtheirknowledgeandprovidingmentoring,thebetterorganizationsdooneverymetricwecanmeasure:higherprofits,customersatisfaction,employeeretention—evenloweroperatingexpenses.Sogiversspendalotoftimetryingtohelpotherpeopleandimprovetheteam,andthen,unfortunately,theysufferalongtheway.Iwanttotalkaboutwhatittakestobuildcultureswheregiversactuallygettosucceed.但實(shí)際上,有一個(gè)意外轉(zhuǎn)折,雖然付出者總是犧牲自己,但他們讓整個(gè)組織變得更好了。我們有大量的證據(jù)——有許多關(guān)于團(tuán)隊(duì)或組織中付出行為頻率的研究——表明,人們?cè)綐?lè)于幫助別人、分享知識(shí)或提供指導(dǎo),整個(gè)組織的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)就越好:高利潤(rùn),高顧客滿意度,低員工流失率,甚至經(jīng)營(yíng)成本也會(huì)變低。付出者花了許多時(shí)間去幫助別人,使團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)步,但不幸的是,他們卻一直遭罪。今天,我想聊聊構(gòu)建怎樣的企業(yè)文化能讓付出者真正取得成功。
SoIwondered,then,ifgiversaretheworstperformers,whoarethebestperformers?Letmestartwiththegoodnews:it’snotthetakers.Takerstendtorisequicklybutalsofallquicklyinmostjobs.Andtheyfallatthehandsofmatchers.Ifyou’reamatcher,youbelievein“Aneyeforaneye”—ajustworld.Andsowhenyoumeetataker,youfeellikeit’syourmissioninlifetojustpunishthehelloutofthatperson.于是,我想知道,既然付出者的工作表現(xiàn)不好,那誰(shuí)的表現(xiàn)最好呢?先說(shuō)好消息:并不是索取者。索取者往往在工作中得道容易,失道也快。并且,他們一般會(huì)栽在互利者手里。如果你是互利者,你會(huì)堅(jiān)信“以牙還牙以眼還眼”——這才是公平的世界。當(dāng)你遇到索取者的時(shí)候,你會(huì)感覺(jué)被賦予了一項(xiàng)使命——要徹底懲罰那個(gè)索取者。
Andthatwayjusticegetsserved.這樣一來(lái)正義才得以伸張。
Well,mostpeoplearematchers.Andthatmeansifyou’reataker,ittendstocatchupwithyoueventually;whatgoesaroundwillcomearound.Andsothelogicalconclusionis:itmustbethematcherswhoarethebestperformers.Butthey’renot.Ineveryjob,ineveryorganizationI’veeverstudied,thebestresultsbelongtothegiversagain.所幸,大多數(shù)人是互利者。這意味著,如果你是索取者,終有一天會(huì)面臨正義的審判;風(fēng)水輪流轉(zhuǎn),善惡終有報(bào)。所以,符合邏輯的結(jié)論應(yīng)該是:工作表現(xiàn)最好的一定是互利者。然而事實(shí)并非如此。在我研究的每種職業(yè)、每個(gè)組織中,工作表現(xiàn)最好的也是付出者。
TakealookatsomedataIgatheredfromhundredsofsalespeople,trackingtheirrevenue.Whatyoucanseeisthatthegiversgotobothextremes.Theymakeupthemajorityofpeoplewhobringinthelowestrevenue,butalsothehighestrevenue.Thesamepatternsweretrueforengineers’productivityandmedicalstudents’grades.GiversareoverrepresentedatthebottomandatthetopofeverysuccessmetricthatIcantrack.Whichraisesthequestion:Howdowecreateaworldwheremoreofthesegiversgettoexcel?Iwanttotalkabouthowtodothat,notjustinbusinesses,butalsoinnonprofits,schools—evengovernments.Areyouready?讓我們看看從幾百個(gè)銷售人員那兒跟蹤收集的收入數(shù)據(jù)。你們都能發(fā)現(xiàn),付出者占據(jù)了兩個(gè)極端。在最低收入端,他們占了大多數(shù),但也同樣占據(jù)了最高端。同樣的情形也出現(xiàn)在工程師的工作效率及醫(yī)學(xué)生的成績(jī)中。從任何我可以成功追蹤的指標(biāo)看,付出者都明顯占據(jù)了最低端和最高端。這就提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題:我們應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造怎樣的世界,讓更多付出者成功呢?我想談?wù)勗趺崔k,不僅指企業(yè),還有非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)、學(xué)校,甚至政府機(jī)構(gòu)。準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?
Iwasgoingtodoitanyway,butIappreciatetheenthusiasm.沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好我也要開(kāi)始了,不過(guò)很感謝你們的熱情。
Thefirstthingthat’sreallycriticalistorecognizethatgiversareyourmostvaluablepeople,butifthey’renotcareful,theyburnout.Soyouhavetoprotectthegiversinyourmidst.AndIlearnedagreatlessonaboutthisfromFortune’sbestnetworker.It’stheguy,notthecat.第一件事非常重要,即要認(rèn)識(shí)到付出者是你最有價(jià)值的員工,但如果他們不當(dāng)心,很快會(huì)累垮。所以,你必須保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)中的付出者。我從《財(cái)富》評(píng)出的人脈最廣的人那兒學(xué)到了關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)的很棒的一課。注意,是這哥們兒,不是那只貓。
HisnameisAdamRifkin.He’saverysuccessfulserialentrepreneurwhospendsahugeamountofhistimehelpingotherpeople.Andhissecretweaponisthefive-minutefavor.Adamsaid,“Youdon’thavetobeMotherTeresaorGandhitobeagiver.Youjusthavetofindsmallwaystoaddlargevaluetootherpeople’slives.”Thatcouldbeassimpleasmakinganintroductionbetweentwopeoplewhocouldbenefitfromknowingeachother.Itcouldbesharingyourknowledgeorgivingalittlebitoffeedback.Oritmightbeevensomethingasbasicassaying,“Youknow,I’mgoingtotryandfigureoutifIcanrecognizesomebodywhoseworkhasgoneunnoticed.”Andthosefive-minutefavorsarereallycriticaltohelpinggiverssetboundariesandprotectthemselves.他叫亞當(dāng)·里夫金。他多次創(chuàng)業(yè),都非常成功,同時(shí)也花了大量時(shí)間幫助別人。他的秘密武器是“五分鐘小忙”。亞當(dāng)說(shuō):“要成為付出者,不必非像特蕾莎修女或甘地那樣。你只須幫一些會(huì)給他人生活增添巨大價(jià)值的小忙。”這可能簡(jiǎn)單到只是為兩個(gè)陌生人牽線搭橋,而他們卻會(huì)因結(jié)識(shí)彼此而獲益;也可能是分享知識(shí)或是給一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)反饋意見(jiàn);甚至可能就是簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)一句:“嗯,我想試試能不能找到那個(gè)做了很多事卻一直沒(méi)被注意的人。”這些“五分鐘小忙”對(duì)于幫助付出者設(shè)定界限和保護(hù)自己真的十分重要。
Thesecondthingthatmattersifyouwanttobuildaculturewheregiverssucceed,isyouactuallyneedaculturewherehelp-seekingisthenorm;wherepeopleaskalot.Thismayhitalittletooclosetohomeforsomeofyou.如果想構(gòu)建讓付出者成功的文化,第二件重要的事情是:你其實(shí)需要打造一種求助很平常的文化,人人樂(lè)于尋求幫助。這可能說(shuō)到某些人心坎兒里去了。
Soinallyourrelationships,youalwayshavetobethegiver?那么,在每段人際關(guān)系中,你都得是付出者嗎?
Whatyouseewithsuccessfulgiversistheyrecognizethatit’sOKtobeareceiver,too.Ifyourunanorganization,wecanactuallymakethiseasier.Wecanmakeiteasierforpeopletoaskforhelp.AcouplecolleaguesandIstudiedhospitals.Wefoundthatoncertainfloors,nursesdidalotofhelp-seeking,andonotherfloors,theydidverylittleofit.Thefactorthatstoodoutonthefloorswherehelp-seekingwascommon,whereitwasthenorm,wastherewasjustonenursewhosesolejobitwastohelpothernursesontheunit.Whenthatrolewasavailable,nursessaid,“It’snotembarrassing,it’snotvulnerabletoaskforhelp—it’sactuallyencouraged.”你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),每個(gè)成功的付出者都具備的特質(zhì)是,他們同樣愿意有人對(duì)他們施以援手。如果你在管理一個(gè)組織,我們其實(shí)可以讓這變得更容易,可以讓開(kāi)口求助更容易。我和幾個(gè)同事研究了醫(yī)院的情況。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)某幾層樓的護(hù)士求助很頻繁,其他樓層卻很少。這幾個(gè)樓層求助頻繁且常見(jiàn),原因在于每層都安排了一個(gè)護(hù)士,她唯一的工作就是幫助其他護(hù)士。當(dāng)設(shè)置了這么一個(gè)專職護(hù)士時(shí),其他護(hù)士就覺(jué)得:“找人幫忙不丟臉,也不會(huì)招來(lái)閑話——這是鼓勵(lì)大家這么做。”
Help-seekingisn’timportantjustforprotectingthesuccessandthewell-beingofgivers.It’salsocriticaltogettingmorepeopletoactlikegivers,becausethedatasaythatsomewherebetween75and90percentofallgivinginorganizationsstartswitharequest.Butalotofpeopledon’task.Theydon’twanttolookincompetent,theydon’tknowwheretoturn,theydon’twanttoburdenothers.Yetifnobodyeverasksforhelp,youhavealotoffrustratedgiversinyourorganizationwhowouldlovetostepupandcontribute,iftheyonlyknewwhocouldbenefitandhow.鼓勵(lì)求助不僅在確保付出者取得成功和保護(hù)他們利益方面非常重要,更關(guān)鍵的是能讓更多人向付出者學(xué)習(xí),因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)顯示,組織中75%—90%的付出行為都始于一個(gè)請(qǐng)求。不過(guò),許多人不想求人,他們不想被看作無(wú)能,不知道找誰(shuí)幫忙,也不想麻煩別人。但是,如果沒(méi)人求助,組織里的許多付出者就會(huì)萎靡不振,而只要知道誰(shuí)需要幫助以及怎么幫助,付出者就會(huì)站出來(lái)給予幫助。
ButIthinkthemostimportantthing,ifyouwanttobuildacultureofsuccessfulgivers,istobethoughtfulaboutwhoyouletontoyourteam.Ifigured,youwantacultureofproductivegenerosity,youshouldhireabunchofgivers.ButIwassurprisedtodiscover,actually,thatthatwasnotright—thatthenegativeimpactofatakeronacultureisusuallydoubletotriplethepositiveimpactofagiver.Thinkaboutitthisway:onebadapplecanspoilabarrel,butonegoodeggjustdoesnotmakeadozen.Idon’tknowwhatthatmeans—不過(guò),想要構(gòu)建成功付出者的文化,我認(rèn)為最重要的是認(rèn)真挑選團(tuán)隊(duì)成員。我曾以為,要想構(gòu)建這種工作高效的慷慨文化,就應(yīng)該多雇些付出者。但后來(lái)我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)不然——索取者對(duì)文化的負(fù)面效應(yīng)通常是付出者正面效應(yīng)的兩三倍。打個(gè)比方:一顆老鼠屎能壞一鍋粥,但一粒好米可做不出一鍋好粥。我自己都不懂我說(shuō)的什么意思——
ButIhopeyoudo.不過(guò)希望你們能懂。
No—letevenonetakerintoateam,andyouwillseethatthegiverswillstophelping.They’llsay,“I’msurroundedbyabunchofsnakesandsharks.WhyshouldIcontribute?”Whereasifyouletonegiverintoateam,youdon’tgetanexplosionofgenerosity.Moreoften,peoplearelike,“Great!Thatpersoncandoallourwork.”So,effectivehiringandscreeningandteambuildingisnotaboutbringinginthegivers;it’saboutweedingoutthetakers.Ifyoucandothatwell,you’llbeleftwithgiversandmatchers.Thegiverswillbegenerousbecausetheydon’thavetoworryabouttheconsequences.Andthebeautyofthematchersisthattheyfollowthenorm.是的,即使只把一個(gè)索取者放進(jìn)團(tuán)隊(duì),你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)付出者都不愿幫忙了。他們會(huì)說(shuō):“周圍都是小人和騙子,我何必幫那么多忙?”反過(guò)來(lái),假如把一個(gè)付出者放進(jìn)團(tuán)隊(duì),大家并不會(huì)突然變得互幫互助。更多情況是,人們會(huì)覺(jué)得:“太好了!事情都能給那個(gè)人去做!”所以,有效雇傭和篩選并組建團(tuán)隊(duì)并不是增加付出者,而是要清除索取者。如果能把這個(gè)做好,就會(huì)只剩下付出者和互利者。付出者會(huì)繼續(xù)慷慨相助,因?yàn)樗麄儾槐負(fù)?dān)心結(jié)果。而互利者的美德則會(huì)讓他們遵守規(guī)則。
Sohowdoyoucatchatakerbeforeit’stoolate?We’reactuallyprettybadatfiguringoutwho’sataker,especiallyonfirstimpressions.There’sapersonalitytraitthatthrowsusoff.It’scalledagreeableness,onethemajordimensionsofpersonalityacrosscultures.Agreeablepeoplearewarmandfriendly,they’renice,they’repolite.YoufindalotoftheminCanada.那么,如何及時(shí)找出索取者呢?其實(shí)非常難分辨誰(shuí)是索取者,尤其是僅憑第一印象時(shí)。因?yàn)橛幸环N人格特質(zhì)會(huì)迷惑我們,那就是“親和力”,廣泛存在于不同文化中。親和力強(qiáng)的人熱情友好,親切禮貌。你在加拿大能遇到很多這樣的人。
WheretherewasactuallyanationalcontesttocomeupwithanewCanadiansloganandfillintheblank,“AsCanadianas...”Ithoughtthewinningentrywasgoingtobe,“AsCanadianasmaplesyrup,”or,“...icehockey.”Butno,Canadiansvotedfortheirnewnationalslogantobe—Ikidyounot—“AsCanadianaspossibleunderthecircumstances.”實(shí)際上,有人還弄了個(gè)全國(guó)競(jìng)賽,讓大家給新的加拿大標(biāo)語(yǔ)填空——“像……一樣的加拿大人”。我一開(kāi)始覺(jué)得獲勝標(biāo)語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是:“像楓蜜一樣的加拿大人”或者“像冰球一樣的……”。結(jié)果都不是,加拿大人投票選出的新的國(guó)家標(biāo)語(yǔ)是——我沒(méi)開(kāi)玩笑————“根據(jù)情況盡可能像加拿大人”。
Nowforthoseofyouwhoarehighlyagreeable,ormaybeslightlyCanadian,yougetthisrightaway.HowcouldIeversayI’manyonethingwhenI’mconstantlyadaptingtotrytopleaseotherpeople?Disagreeablepeopledolessofit.They’remorecritical,skeptical,challenging,andfarmorelikelythantheirpeerstogotolawschool.現(xiàn)在,你們當(dāng)中那些非常有親和力的人,或者有點(diǎn)像加拿大人的人,立馬就明白了吧。我怎么可能有毛病呢,我可是一直在調(diào)整自己以取悅他人啊。親和力弱的人很少會(huì)這樣。他們更苛刻,愛(ài)質(zhì)疑,愛(ài)反駁,而且跟同事或同學(xué)比更可能去上法學(xué)院。
That’snotajoke,that’sactuallyanempiricalfact.這不是開(kāi)玩笑,是經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)。
SoIalwaysassumedthatagreeablepeopleweregiversanddisagreeablepeopleweretakers.ButthenIgatheredthedata,andIwasstunnedtofindnocorrelationbetweenthosetraits,becauseitturnsoutthatagreeableness-disagreeablenessisyourouterveneer:Howpleasantisittointeractwithyou?Whereasgivingandtakingaremoreofyourinnermotives:Whatareyourvalues?Whatareyourintentionstowardothers?所以,我一直假定親和力強(qiáng)的是付出者,親和力弱的是索取者。然而,我之后收集了一些數(shù)據(jù),驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間并沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián),因?yàn)樽詈蟮慕Y(jié)果顯示,親和力強(qiáng)或弱只是表象:和你互動(dòng)時(shí)有多愉悅?而付出和索取更多的是源自內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī):你的價(jià)值觀是什么?你對(duì)別人有什么企圖?
Ifyoureallywanttojudgepeopleaccurately,youhavetogettothemomenteveryconsultantintheroomiswaitingfor,anddrawatwo-by-two.如果你真想知道怎么準(zhǔn)確判斷他人,下面這些你得聽(tīng)仔細(xì)了,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的每個(gè)咨詢顧問(wèn)都等著這一刻呢。讓我們畫(huà)個(gè)2乘2的網(wǎng)格。
Theagreeablegiversareeasytospot:theysayyestoeverything.Thedisagreeabletakersarealsorecognizedquickly,althoughyoumightcallthembyaslightlydifferentname.親和力強(qiáng)的付出者很容易看出來(lái):他們對(duì)任何事都說(shuō)好。親和力弱的索取者也很好區(qū)分,不過(guò)你可能會(huì)給他們不太一樣的稱呼。
Weforgetabouttheothertwocombinations.Therearedisagreeablegiversinourorganizations.Therearepeoplewhoaregruffandtoughonthesurfacebutunderneathhaveothers’bestinterestsatheart.Orasanengineerputit,“Oh,disagreeablegivers—likesomebodywithabaduserinterfacebutagreatoperatingsystem.”別忘了還有兩種人。組織中親和力弱的付出者,他們表面強(qiáng)勢(shì)且脾氣差,但心底里極為他人著想。用一位工程師的話說(shuō):“噢,親和力弱的付出者啊,就像用戶界面很糟但操作系統(tǒng)非常優(yōu)秀的人。”
Ifthathelpsyou.但愿這個(gè)比喻你們能懂。
Disagreeablegiversarethemostundervaluedpeopleinourorganizations,becausethey’retheoneswhogivethecriticalfeedbackthatnoonewantstohearbuteveryoneneedstohear.Weneedtodoamuchbetterjobvaluingthesepeopleasopposedtowritingthemoffearly,andsaying,“Eh,kindofprickly,mustbeaselfishtaker.”親和力弱的付出者是組織中最被低估的人,因?yàn)樗麄兘o出的批評(píng)性建議沒(méi)人愛(ài)聽(tīng),但卻是每個(gè)人都需要聽(tīng)的。我們應(yīng)該更好地評(píng)價(jià)他們,而不是早早認(rèn)定他們毫無(wú)價(jià)值并說(shuō)“這種人好難搞,一定是個(gè)自私的索取者”。
Theothercombinationweforgetaboutisthedeadlyone—theagreeabletaker,alsoknownasthefaker.Thisisthepersonwho’snicetoyourface,andthenwillstabyourightintheback.別忘了的另一種人最為致命——親和力強(qiáng)的索取者,又名偽裝者。這種人表面上和你客客氣氣,轉(zhuǎn)身便會(huì)在背后插你一刀。
Andmyfavoritewaytocatchthesepeopleintheinterviewprocessistoaskthequestion,“Canyougivemethenamesoffourpeoplewhosecareersyouhavefundamentallyimproved?”Thetakerswillgiveyoufournames,andtheywillallbemoreinfluentialthanthem,becausetakersaregre
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