定語從句(Attributiveclause)ThebabyisJack.ThebabyisJack.whosetrousersareredwhoiswearingredtrousersWhichbabyisJack?Jack穿紅褲子的baby是Jack。Whichhouseismine?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouseIlike

books.Thebooks

areaboutanimals.Ilikebooks

areaboutanimals.thatIlike

moviesThemovies

areaboutaliens.Ilikemovies

areaboutaliens.thatIhave

amobilephone.Themobilephone

canplaymusic.Ihave

amobilephonethat

canplaymusic.Ilikegoingto

thepark.Thepark

isnearmyhouse.Ilikegoingtothepark

thatisnearmyhouse.SummaryIhavebooksthatareaboutanimals.Iwanttogototheparkthatisnearmyhouse.TheAttributiveClause（定語從句）：booksthepark我有關于動物的故事書。areis我想要去離我家近的公園。Thingsthat什么是定語從句呢？答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。結構：

先行詞+關系詞+句子先行詞

關系詞

定語從句Thegirlwhoisinredismysister.Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.先行詞關系詞定語從句關系代詞關系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,whenMaryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并為一個句子Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.themachineamachineDoactivity2Join

thefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.amachinethat/whichThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.

ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirlThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirlThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirlThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirlThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThe

girlThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirlThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.Thegirlthat/whowesawyesterdayisMary.1.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:

Theman

whoisspeakingatthemeeting

isafarmer.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并為一個句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行詞關系詞定語從句Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why2.結構：

先行詞+關系詞+句子3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。通常位于定語從句之前。4.關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系代詞關系副詞作用A、引導定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分

關系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、___________；B、_____________；C、________________________。The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

定語從句先行詞關系詞“who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the

man，在定語從句中作主語。引導定語從句代替先行詞在定語從句中擔當一個成分三、關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語1)Theboys____areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____losthisway.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheperson_____________youtalkedabout.2)Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

1)Thepeople__________cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主語)2)Whereistheman__________________Isawthismorning?(做賓語)做主語做賓語that/whothat/whom/who小結：that:既可指人,也可指物.作主語,不能省略；作賓語,可以省略。which:指物,作主語,不能省略;作賓語,可以省略.who－指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略,（常用whom）

注:當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定.1)I’mreadingabookthat/which__aboutBillGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that________usChinese.3)Theboyswho___playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriend_______fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_______roofhasfallenin.我曾經住在那幢屋頂已經倒塌了的房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose四.修飾物體時關系代詞that和

which的區分(一)不用that的情況1.在引導非限定性定語從句時。

1)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(___)2)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(____)2.介詞后不能用。

1)Wedependonthelandfrom______wegetourfood.2)Wedependontheland_____________wegetourfoodfrom.錯對whichthat/which(二)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況1.當先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時，或當先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時。如：

1)Have

you

taken

down

everything

___

Mr.

Li

said?

李老師講的你都記下來嗎？

2)All

____

can

be

done

has

been

done.

所有能做的都做好了。

3)There

is

little

_____I

can

do

for

you.

我不能為你干什么。thatthatthat

注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代who，如：

1)Any

man

__________

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

dosuch

a

thing.

任何有責任感的人都不會做這樣的事。

2)All

the

guests___________

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

所有應邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。that

/

who

that

/

who2．當先行詞被序數詞修飾時。如：

The

first

place

______

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。3．當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

This

is

the

best

film______

I

have

ever

seen.

這是我看過的最好的電影。that

that4．當先行詞被the

very,

the

only,thelast修飾時。

1)This

is

the

very

dictionary

_____

I

want

to

buy.

這正是我要買的詞典。

2)After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

_____

he

owns.

家里發生了火災過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞who。

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

______

will

attend

the

meeting.

王華是我校唯一出席會議的人。thatthatwho5．當先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時。如：

1)Who

is

the

man_____

is

standing

by

the

gate?

站在門口的那個人是誰？

2)Which

is

the

T-shirt

______

fits

me

most?

哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6．當先行詞為人與物時。如：

1)They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

________

they

remembered

at

school

他們談論著他們所能記起的在校時的人和事。

2)Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

______

are

walking

up

the

street.

瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的

毛驢。

thatthatthatthatExercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.which/thatwhose4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat句子翻譯1.這就是救了那個孩子命的醫生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那個人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.我喜歡可以隨之而唱的音樂.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那個女的是一名教師.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Exercise1:用關系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當先行詞同時指人和物時，關系代詞只能用that.Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat當先行詞是something,anything,nothing,

all

等詞時，關系代詞只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat當先行詞被序數詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關系代詞只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.當主句是who或which引導的特殊疑問句時，或中心詞指人或物時，關系代詞只能用that.thatthatwhere指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用來表示地點的定語從句。1)Shanghaiisthecity_______Iwasborn.=>Shanghaiisthecity_______wasbornin.2)Thehouse_______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Thehouse_______Ilivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.五、關系副詞引導定語從句關系副詞：where,when,why在句中作狀語。wherewhichwherewhich2.when引導定語從句表示時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語

也可做連接詞用.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametotheschool.2)Thetime______wegottogetherfinallycame.3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.whenwhenwhywhy六.關系副詞when,where和關系代詞that,which的區分同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where，有時使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when，有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點：一是定語從句是否完整；二是定語從句中的謂語動詞是否是一個及物動詞。請比較以下句子：1)Thisisthepark______wevisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthepark______weheldabirthdayparty.3)Shewon’tforgetthedays_____shespentontheisland.4)Shewon’tforgetthedays_______theystayedtogether.5)That’sthedate_______wewenttothecollege.6)That’sthedate_____shewon’tforgetforever.7)Ilikethetime______welivedtogether.8)Ilikethetime______wehadtogether.

thatwherethat

whenwhenthatwhenthat介詞+關系代詞的情況1Themanwhomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介詞+關系代詞的情況2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.介詞+關系代詞的情況2toinArethesetwosentencesright?Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin介詞+關系代詞的情況2Arethesetwosentencesright?Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin介詞+關系代詞的情況2Arethesetwosentencesright?toinThemanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.Arethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關系代詞的情況2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

可見,who、that不能用與介詞之后介詞+關系代詞的情況2Arethesetwosentencesright?1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope

hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,

standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower___________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介詞+關系代詞的情況練習2.關系副詞when,where,why和“介詞+which”之間的關系。關系副詞when,where,why可以用“適當的介詞+which”來替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。(1)Thereason_______________herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyear________________hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Thisistheroom____________________Ilived.=Thisistheroom__________Ilivedin.(4)Tomstillremembersthedays______________

theylivedinTianjin.Why()when()where()inwhichinwhichforwhichwhichwhen(

)inwhich注意：1）介詞后面的關系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副when,where和why互換。

1)Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedtwoyearsago.=>ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2)Doyouremembertheday＿＿＿＿＿youjoinedourclub?=>Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3)Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=>Thisisthereason____________hecamelate.inwhichonwhichforwhichExercise1.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthat2.Isthatthereason_____youarefortheplan.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat3.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that1.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why3.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why5.Hetoldherthereason____heisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereason______hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why一.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronounsandadverbs..1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin______youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.thatwhichthatthatthat6.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,______wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.9.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?10.Isthistheroom______welivedbefore?11.Thisisthegarden_____theystayedforanight.thatwhichthatthatwhichwherewhere12.Thisisthegarden____theyvisitedlasttime.13.Tomhasforgottentheday____helefthishome.14.Tomhasforgottentheday____Itoldhimlastday.15.Shestillrememberstheyear____shefoundherfirstjob.16.Shestillrememberstheyear____shespentinJining.thatthatwhenthatwhenFillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs.1.Isthistheroom_____wespentourchildhood?2.Thisdictionaryisthesecondone_____Iboughtintheshop.3.Istillrememberthedate_____IwenttoNanjingforthefirsttime.4.Tomisthinkingaboutthegrassandthepersons____hesawintheyard.5.Thereare100oldmeninthestreet,someof____aredrinkingtea.wherethatthatwhenwhom6.Doyouknowthedays_____youspentonEnglish?7.Allthebooks____areontheshelfbelongtoMary.8.Areyousatisfiedwiththepark____youvisitedlasttime?9.______weallknow,thebuildingwillsoonbedestroyed.10.Ihavethesamebook_____shehas.thatthatthatWhichthat1.Mybrotherlikesjackets.Thesejacketsareunusual.

2.Themanisamusicteacher.Hecanwritehisownlyrics.

Themanwhocanwritehisownlyricsisamusicteacher.Mybrotherlikesjacketsthatareunusual.把下列各題中的兩句話合并為含有定語從句的復合句。3.Markisahistoryteacher.Heisgoodatplayingping-pong.

4.Mygrandfatherdoesn’tlikethesesongs.Thesesongsaretoolong.

5.Thatwomanismyaunt.Thewomanislookingforherkey.Markwhoisgoodatplayingping-pongisahistoryteacher.Mygrandfatherdoesn’tlikesongsthataretoolong.Thatwomanwhoislookingforherkeyismyaunt.Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?1.Theperson_________youshouldwritetoisMrBall.2.Theteacherfrom________IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.3.Therunner____________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.4.Thegirl____________youarelookingforisintheclassroom.5.Themeeting_________weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.6.Thefactory__________Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.7.Theairport________is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8.Theperson________wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.whowhomwho/whomwho/whomthatwhichthatwhoExercise1:用關系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonth