·英譯漢練習(xí)短文6篇·Passage1SatiricLiterature1Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmful,oraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;AModestProposaldramatizesstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectedbeforeCervantes2,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxley3,andpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift4.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression，thesatiricmethod,thatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebriskness5theybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions6.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruousjuxtaposition,andspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing7,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,notdoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed8.Notes1．這篇文章用詞正式，句式嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、周密、冗長，文風(fēng)較為華麗。翻譯時選詞要正式，可多用四字結(jié)構(gòu)和鋪排形式。2．Cervantes:塞萬提斯（1754-1616），西班牙偉大的作家、詩人、戲劇家。3．AldousHuxley:奧爾德斯·赫胥黎（1825-1895），英國生物學(xué)家，作家。4．Swift:斯威夫特（1667-1745），英國作家，擅長用諷刺和幽默揭露社會黑暗現(xiàn)象。5．briskness：brisk意為keenorsharpinspeechormanner。6．secondhandopinions：不可翻譯為“二手的觀點(diǎn)”，應(yīng)該是“人云亦云的的觀點(diǎn)”。7．cheapmoralizing：這里cheap意思不是“便宜的”，而是vulgar,contemptible;moralizing不是“道德”，而是“說教”。8．whentheydonothearthemexpressed：當(dāng)直譯不方便時，我們可用視點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移法：但是當(dāng)周圍人不談起時Key諷刺文學(xué)或許諷刺文學(xué)最突出的特點(diǎn)是它耳目一新、視角獨(dú)創(chuàng)。諷刺文學(xué)很少給人以原創(chuàng)的思想,但是它卻將人們熟悉的事情以全新的形式展現(xiàn)出來。諷刺作家并不給人以新的哲學(xué)理念。他們所做的只是從某一視角來看待一些為人熟知的事情，在這一視角下，這些事情顯得愚蠢不堪、充滿危害而又矯揉造作。諷刺作品將我們從自鳴得意中震醒，讓我們既愉快又驚詫地看到，我們從未質(zhì)疑、全盤接受的價值觀中，有很多都是錯誤的。《唐吉珂德》使得騎士精神顯得荒謬可笑；《挑戰(zhàn)新世界》嘲笑了科學(xué)的自詡；《一個小小的建議》則建議食用人肉，使饑餓問題戲劇化。這些思想中沒有一條是原創(chuàng)的：在塞萬提斯之前就有人懷疑騎士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主義者就反對宣稱純科學(xué)的至高無上；在斯威夫特之前人們就已經(jīng)意識到饑荒問題。并不是思想的獨(dú)創(chuàng)而使得諷刺文學(xué)受人歡迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲諷方法使得它趣味橫生、有娛樂性。人們閱讀諷刺文學(xué)只是因?yàn)樵诿缹W(xué)上它是讓人心滿意足的藝術(shù)品，而不是因?yàn)樗诘赖律嫌幸婊騻惱砩系慕桃妗Ｋと伺d奮、爽人身心，因?yàn)樗皇沁\(yùn)用常理通識、辛言辣語，便將各種幻想和人云亦云的觀點(diǎn)一掃而光。諷刺文學(xué)自心而來不拘謙恭，它重新調(diào)整視角，將熟悉的事物紊雜地放置在一起，用個性化的語言而不是抽象的陳詞濫語表述出來。諷刺作品之所以存在是因?yàn)槿藗冃枰Ｋ胬m(xù)至今，是因?yàn)樽x者欣賞爽身怡心的刺激和不拘謙恭的告誡，它提醒讀者，他們生活的世界里充滿了陳腐的思想意識、低俗的道德說教和愚蠢的哲學(xué)理念。諷刺作品雖然很少代表真理促成行動，但它卻能使人們感悟到真理。諷刺作品常常告訴人們，他們在大眾媒體中所看到的、聽到的、讀到的大多是偽裝善良、多愁善感或只有部分真實(shí)。生活只在很小的程度上與大眾對它的印象相符。士兵們很少擁有電影賦予他們的理想，而普通老百姓也決不會把自己的生命無私地奉獻(xiàn)給人道主義服務(wù)。聰明人知道這些事實(shí)，但是當(dāng)周圍人不談起時，他們常常會忘記掉。Passage2AmericanFolkArtWhatwetodaycallAmericanfolkartwas,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday1“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans—havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumberofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts—forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andtheportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcentury2asanation,theUnitedStates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtooriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyears,thedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbycamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecam