面向新型電力系統的電力電子變流器虛擬同步控制方法評述一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著全球能源結構的轉型和電力電子技術的快速發展，新型電力系統正在逐步取代傳統的電力系統。這種轉變帶來的不僅僅是技術的升級，更對電力系統的穩定性、效率、可再生能源的接入能力等方面提出了更高的要求。電力電子變流器作為新型電力系統的關鍵設備之一，其控制策略的選擇直接影響到電力系統的整體性能。Withthetransformationoftheglobalenergystructureandtherapiddevelopmentofpowerelectronicstechnology,newpowersystemsaregraduallyreplacingtraditionalpowersystems.Thistransformationnotonlybringsabouttechnologicalupgrades,butalsoputsforwardhigherrequirementsforthestability,efficiency,andaccesscapacityofrenewableenergyinthepowersystem.Asoneofthekeyequipmentinthenewpowersystem,theselectionofcontrolstrategyforpowerelectronicconvertersdirectlyaffectstheoverallperformanceofthepowersystem.虛擬同步控制方法作為一種先進的電力電子變流器控制策略，近年來受到了廣泛的關注和研究。該方法通過模擬同步發電機的運行特性，使電力電子變流器在接入電網時能夠表現出類似于同步發電機的外特性，從而提高電力系統的穩定性，增強系統的慣性，以及改善可再生能源的并網性能。Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethod,asanadvancedcontrolstrategyforpowerelectronicconverters,hasreceivedwidespreadattentionandresearchinrecentyears.Thismethodsimulatestheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,enablingpowerelectronicconverterstoexhibitexternalcharacteristicssimilartosynchronousgeneratorswhenconnectedtothegrid,therebyimprovingthestabilityofthepowersystem,enhancingsysteminertia,andimprovingthegridconnectionperformanceofrenewableenergy.本文旨在對面向新型電力系統的電力電子變流器虛擬同步控制方法進行評述。我們將介紹新型電力系統的特點及其對電力電子變流器控制策略的要求。然后，我們將詳細闡述虛擬同步控制方法的基本原理、實現方式以及其在新型電力系統中的應用情況。接著，我們將分析虛擬同步控制方法的優點和存在的問題，并探討其未來的發展趨勢。我們將對虛擬同步控制方法在新型電力系統中的應用前景進行展望。Thisarticleaimstoreviewthevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodofpowerelectronicconvertersfornewpowersystems.Wewillintroducethecharacteristicsofthenewpowersystemanditsrequirementsforthecontrolstrategyofpowerelectronicconverters.Then,wewillelaborateindetailonthebasicprinciples,implementationmethods,andapplicationofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsinnewpowersystems.Next,wewillanalyzetheadvantagesandexistingproblemsofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods,andexploretheirfuturedevelopmenttrends.Wewilllookforwardtotheapplicationprospectsofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsinnewpowersystems.通過本文的評述，我們希望能夠為從事新型電力系統研究和應用的科技人員提供有益的參考，推動虛擬同步控制方法在電力電子變流器控制中的進一步應用和發展。Throughthereviewinthisarticle,wehopetoprovideusefulreferencesforscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelengagedintheresearchandapplicationofnewpowersystems,andpromotethefurtherapplicationanddevelopmentofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsinpowerelectronicconvertercontrol.二、虛擬同步控制方法的基本原理Thebasicprincipleofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethod虛擬同步控制方法是一種模擬同步發電機運行特性的電力電子變流器控制策略。其基本原理在于通過算法實現對同步發電機電磁暫態和機電暫態過程的模擬，使電力電子變流器在電網中呈現出類似同步發電機的外特性，從而提高其在新型電力系統中的穩定性和兼容性。Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodisapowerelectronicconvertercontrolstrategythatsimulatestheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators.Thebasicprincipleistosimulatetheelectromagnetictransientandelectromechanicaltransientprocessesofsynchronousgeneratorsthroughalgorithms,sothatpowerelectronicconvertersexhibitexternalcharacteristicssimilartosynchronousgeneratorsinthepowergrid,therebyimprovingtheirstabilityandcompatibilityinnewpowersystems.虛擬同步控制方法主要包括兩個方面：有功功率和無功功率的控制。有功功率控制通過模擬同步發電機的調速器，實現對電力電子變流器輸出有功功率的平滑調節，以維持系統頻率的穩定。無功功率控制則通過模擬同步發電機的勵磁系統，實現對電力電子變流器輸出無功功率的精確控制，以維持系統電壓的穩定。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodmainlyincludestwoaspects:controlofactivepowerandreactivepower.Activepowercontrolsimulatesthespeedcontrollerofasynchronousgeneratortoachievesmoothadjustmentoftheoutputactivepowerofthepowerelectronicconverter,inordertomaintainthestabilityofthesystemfrequency.Reactivepowercontrolsimulatestheexcitationsystemofasynchronousgeneratortoachieveprecisecontrolofthereactivepoweroutputofthepowerelectronicconverter,inordertomaintainthestabilityofthesystemvoltage.虛擬同步控制方法還引入了虛擬慣量和阻尼系數等參數，以模擬同步發電機的轉動慣量和阻尼特性，提高電力電子變流器對電網擾動的響應能力。這些參數的設置可以根據實際電網的需求進行優化，以實現更好的控制效果。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodalsointroducesparameterssuchasvirtualinertiaanddampingcoefficienttosimulatetherotationalinertiaanddampingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,improvingtheresponseabilityofpowerelectronicconverterstogriddisturbances.Thesettingsoftheseparameterscanbeoptimizedaccordingtotheactualneedsofthepowergridtoachievebettercontroleffects.虛擬同步控制方法的優點在于其能夠增強電力電子變流器在新型電力系統中的穩定性，減少與電網之間的振蕩和失步風險。它還能夠提高電力電子變流器對電網擾動的適應能力，降低電網故障對電力電子變流器的影響。然而，虛擬同步控制方法也存在一些挑戰，如參數整定復雜、計算量大等問題，需要進一步研究和優化。Theadvantageofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodisthatitcanenhancethestabilityofpowerelectronicconvertersinnewpowersystems,reducetheriskofoscillationandoutofstepwiththepowergrid.Itcanalsoimprovetheadaptabilityofpowerelectronicconverterstogriddisturbancesandreducetheimpactofgridfaultsonpowerelectronicconverters.However,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsalsofacesomechallenges,suchascomplexparametertuningandhighcomputationalcomplexity,whichrequirefurtherresearchandoptimization.虛擬同步控制方法是一種具有潛力的電力電子變流器控制策略，通過模擬同步發電機的運行特性，能夠提高電力電子變流器在新型電力系統中的穩定性和兼容性。隨著技術的不斷發展，相信虛擬同步控制方法將在未來的電力系統中發揮更大的作用。Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodisapromisingcontrolstrategyforpowerelectronicconverters,whichcanimprovethestabilityandcompatibilityofpowerelectronicconvertersinnewpowersystemsbysimulatingtheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftechnology,itisbelievedthatvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillplayagreaterroleinfuturepowersystems.三、虛擬同步控制方法在電力電子變流器中的應用ApplicationofVirtualSynchronousControlMethodinPowerElectronicConverters隨著新型電力系統的快速發展，電力電子變流器在其中的作用日益凸顯。作為一種先進的控制策略，虛擬同步控制方法被廣泛應用于電力電子變流器中，以提高其性能和穩定性。Withtherapiddevelopmentofnewpowersystems,theroleofpowerelectronicconvertersisbecomingincreasinglyprominent.Asanadvancedcontrolstrategy,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodiswidelyusedinpowerelectronicconverterstoimprovetheirperformanceandstability.在電力電子變流器中，虛擬同步控制方法主要通過模擬同步發電機的運行特性，使電力電子變流器具有類似于同步發電機的動態響應和穩定性。通過模擬同步發電機的轉動慣量、阻尼系數和下垂控制等特性，虛擬同步控制方法能夠有效地改善電力電子變流器的動態性能，提高其對電網擾動的魯棒性。Inpowerelectronicconverters,thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodmainlysimulatestheoperatingcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,makingthepowerelectronicconverterhavedynamicresponseandstabilitysimilartosynchronousgenerators.Bysimulatingthecharacteristicsofthemomentofinertia,dampingcoefficient,anddroopcontrolofsynchronousgenerators,thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcaneffectivelyimprovethedynamicperformanceofpowerelectronicconvertersandenhancetheirrobustnesstogriddisturbances.虛擬同步控制方法還能夠實現電力電子變流器與電網之間的友好互動。通過模擬同步發電機的有功和無功功率調節特性，虛擬同步控制方法能夠使電力電子變流器在維持自身穩定運行的同時，積極參與電網的電壓和頻率調節，提高電網的整體穩定性。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcanalsoachievefriendlyinteractionbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergrid.Bysimulatingtheactiveandreactivepowerregulationcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodscanenablepowerelectronicconverterstoactivelyparticipateinvoltageandfrequencyregulationofthepowergridwhilemaintainingtheirstableoperation,therebyimprovingtheoverallstabilityofthepowergrid.在實際應用中，虛擬同步控制方法已被廣泛應用于風力發電、光伏發電、儲能系統等領域。通過采用虛擬同步控制方法，電力電子變流器能夠更好地適應電網的運行特性，提高可再生能源的并網性能和穩定性，推動新型電力系統的可持續發展。Inpracticalapplications,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshavebeenwidelyappliedinfieldssuchaswindpowergeneration,photovoltaicpowergeneration,andenergystoragesystems.Byadoptingvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods,powerelectronicconverterscanbetteradapttotheoperationalcharacteristicsofthepowergrid,improvethegridconnectionperformanceandstabilityofrenewableenergy,andpromotethesustainabledevelopmentofnewpowersystems.虛擬同步控制方法在電力電子變流器中的應用具有廣泛的前景和重要的意義。未來隨著新型電力系統的不斷發展，虛擬同步控制方法將在提高電力電子變流器的性能和穩定性方面發揮更加重要的作用。Theapplicationofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodinpowerelectronicconvertershasbroadprospectsandimportantsignificance.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewpowersystems,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillplayamoreimportantroleinimprovingtheperformanceandstabilityofpowerelectronicconverters.四、虛擬同步控制方法的優勢與挑戰Theadvantagesandchallengesofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods虛擬同步控制方法在新型電力系統中展現出了顯著的優勢。它通過模擬同步發電機的特性，使得電力電子變流器能夠更好地融入電網，提高了電力系統的穩定性。虛擬同步控制方法能夠實現有功和無功功率的解耦控制，提高了電力電子變流器的調節能力和響應速度。該方法還具有參數整定簡單、易于實現等優點，為電力系統的優化和控制提供了新的手段。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodhasshownsignificantadvantagesinnewpowersystems.Itsimulatesthecharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,enablingpowerelectronicconverterstobetterintegrateintothepowergridandimprovethestabilityofthepowersystem.Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcanachievedecouplingcontrolofactiveandreactivepower,improvingtheregulationabilityandresponsespeedofpowerelectronicconverters.Thismethodalsohastheadvantagesofsimpleparametertuningandeasyimplementation,providinganewmeansfortheoptimizationandcontrolofpowersystems.盡管虛擬同步控制方法具有諸多優勢，但在實際應用中也面臨一些挑戰。虛擬同步控制方法的實現需要精確的模型參數和控制系統設計，這對工程師的技術水平提出了較高的要求。虛擬同步控制方法可能引入額外的諧波和振蕩問題，對電力系統的電能質量產生影響。隨著新型電力系統的發展，電力電子變流器與電網之間的相互作用變得更加復雜，這對虛擬同步控制方法的穩定性和適應性提出了更高的要求。Althoughvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshavemanyadvantages,theyalsofacesomechallengesinpracticalapplications.Theimplementationofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodrequiresprecisemodelparametersandcontrolsystemdesign,whichputshighdemandsonthetechnicallevelofengineers.Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsmayintroduceadditionalharmonicandoscillationissues,whichcanhaveanimpactonthepowerqualityofthepowersystem.Withthedevelopmentofnewpowersystems,theinteractionbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergridhasbecomemorecomplex,whichposeshigherrequirementsforthestabilityandadaptabilityofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods.虛擬同步控制方法在新型電力系統中具有廣泛的應用前景和重要的研究價值。然而，要實現其在電力系統中的穩定運行和良好性能，還需要進一步的研究和探索，解決其中的技術難題和挑戰。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodhasbroadapplicationprospectsandimportantresearchvalueinnewpowersystems.However,toachievestableoperationandgoodperformanceinthepowersystem,furtherresearchandexplorationareneededtosolvethetechnicaldifficultiesandchallengesinvolved.五、虛擬同步控制方法的研究現狀與發展趨勢ResearchStatusandDevelopmentTrendsofVirtualSynchronousControlMethods隨著全球能源結構的轉型和新型電力系統的構建，電力電子變流器在電網中的應用日益廣泛，其控制策略的研究也受到了廣泛關注。虛擬同步控制方法作為一種模擬同步發電機特性的控制策略，以其獨特的優勢在電力電子變流器的控制中占據了重要地位。目前，虛擬同步控制方法的研究已經取得了一定的成果，但仍有許多問題需要進一步探索。Withthetransformationoftheglobalenergystructureandtheconstructionofnewpowersystems,theapplicationofpowerelectronicconvertersinthepowergridisbecomingincreasinglywidespread,andtheresearchontheircontrolstrategieshasalsoreceivedwidespreadattention.Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethod,asacontrolstrategythatsimulatesthecharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,occupiesanimportantpositioninthecontrolofpowerelectronicconvertersduetoitsuniqueadvantages.Atpresent,researchonvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshasachievedcertainresults,buttherearestillmanyissuesthatneedfurtherexploration.研究現狀方面，虛擬同步控制方法已經在風力發電、光伏發電、儲能系統等領域得到了廣泛應用。通過模擬同步發電機的機械慣性和電磁慣性，虛擬同步控制方法能夠在電力電子變流器與電網之間引入虛擬阻尼，提高系統的穩定性和抗擾動能力。虛擬同步控制方法還能夠模擬同步發電機的有功和無功調節特性，實現電力電子變流器與電網的友好互動。Intermsofresearchstatus,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshavebeenwidelyappliedinfieldssuchaswindpowergeneration,photovoltaicpowergeneration,andenergystoragesystems.Bysimulatingthemechanicalinertiaandelectromagneticinertiaofsynchronousgenerators,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodscanintroducevirtualdampingbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergrid,improvingthestabilityanddisturbanceresistanceofthesystem.Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodcanalsosimulatetheactiveandreactivepowerregulationcharacteristicsofsynchronousgenerators,achievingfriendlyinteractionbetweenpowerelectronicconvertersandthepowergrid.然而，虛擬同步控制方法也面臨著一些挑戰。虛擬同步控制方法的參數整定問題一直是研究的熱點和難點。不同的參數設置會對系統的性能和穩定性產生重要影響，因此如何根據實際應用場景選擇合適的參數是亟待解決的問題。虛擬同步控制方法在應對電網故障和擾動時的表現還有待提高。在電網發生故障或受到外部擾動時，電力電子變流器需要能夠快速響應并保持穩定運行，這對虛擬同步控制方法提出了更高的要求。However,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsalsofacesomechallenges.Theparametertuningproblemofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodshasalwaysbeenahotanddifficultresearchtopic.Differentparametersettingscanhaveasignificantimpactontheperformanceandstabilityofthesystem,sohowtochooseappropriateparametersbasedonactualapplicationscenariosisanurgentproblemtobesolved.Theperformanceofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodsindealingwithpowergridfaultsanddisturbancesstillneedstobeimproved.Whenthepowergridexperiencesfaultsorexternaldisturbances,powerelectronicconvertersneedtobeabletorespondquicklyandmaintainstableoperation,whichputshigherrequirementsonvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods.發展趨勢方面，隨著新型電力系統的不斷發展，虛擬同步控制方法將進一步完善和優化。一方面，研究者們將致力于解決虛擬同步控制方法的參數整定問題，通過深入研究和實驗驗證，找到更加合理和有效的參數設置方法。另一方面，虛擬同步控制方法將更加注重與電網的協調性和互動性，以更好地適應新型電力系統的需求。隨著和大數據等技術的發展，虛擬同步控制方法還將與這些先進技術相結合，實現更加智能化和自適應的控制策略。Intermsofdevelopmenttrends,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewpowersystems,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillbefurtherimprovedandoptimized.Ontheonehand,researcherswillstrivetosolvetheparametertuningproblemofvirtualsynchronouscontrolmethods,andthroughin-depthresearchandexperimentalverification,findmorereasonableandeffectiveparametersettingmethods.Ontheotherhand,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillpaymoreattentiontocoordinationandinteractionwiththepowergrid,inordertobetteradapttotheneedsofthenewpowersystem.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologiessuchasbigdata,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillalsobecombinedwiththeseadvancedtechnologiestoachievemoreintelligentandadaptivecontrolstrategies.虛擬同步控制方法在電力電子變流器的控制中具有重要的應用價值和發展前景。未來，隨著新型電力系統的不斷發展和技術的不斷進步，虛擬同步控制方法將不斷完善和優化，為電力系統的穩定運行和可再生能源的大規模接入提供有力支持。Thevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodhasimportantapplicationvalueanddevelopmentprospectsinthecontrolofpowerelectronicconverters.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewpowersystemsandtechnologicaladvancements,virtualsynchronouscontrolmethodswillcontinuetobeimprovedandoptimized,providingstrongsupportforthestableoperationofpowersystemsandthelarge-scaleintegrationofrenewableenergy.六、結論Conclusion隨著新型電力系統的快速發展，電力電子變流器在其中的作用日益凸顯。虛擬同步控制方法作為一種新興的電力電子變流器控制技術，其在新型電力系統中的應用前景廣闊。本文詳細評述了面向新型電力系統的電力電子變流器虛擬同步控制方法，分析了其基本原理、技術特點、應用場景以及優缺點，并探討了未來的研究方向。Withtherapiddevelopmentofnewpowersystems,theroleofpowerelectronicconvertersisbecomingincreasinglyprominent.Virtualsynchronouscontrolmethod,asanemergingpowerelectronicconvertercontroltechnology,hasbroadapplicationprospectsinnewpowersystems.Thisarticleprovidesadetailedreviewofthevirtualsynchronouscontrolmethodforpowerelectronicconvertersfornewpowersystems,analyzesitsbasicprinciples,technicalcharacteristics,applicationscenarios,advantagesanddisadvantages,andexploresfutureresearchdirections.虛擬同步控制方法通過模擬同步發電機的運行特性，使電力電子變流器在新型電力系統中表現出類似同步發電機的外特性，從而增強了電力系統的穩定性。該方法具有響應速度快、調節能力強、易于實現等優點，因此在風電、光伏、儲能等領域得到了廣泛應用。然而，虛擬同步控制方法也存在一些不足，如控制參數整定困難、動態性能有待提升等問題。The