外研必修第二冊

Unit3

Usinglanguage12Tounderstandtheusagesofto-infinitiveasattributiveandadverbialofresult,andapplythemintherealcontext.Tolearnvocabularyandexpressionsaboutdifferentsportsandtheirbenefits.Observesentences(a)&(b)andfindoutwhataretheyincommon.a.Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.b.Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.Bothofthemhaveto-infinitiveforms.Observe(觀察v.)andLearn

a.Thatfootballisasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.Whatisthefunctionof“toplay”insentence(a)?Isitusedtogivedescriptionorshowresult?“Toplay”servesasattributiveinsentence(a).Itisusedtogivedescription.b.Itisfunenough

toattractmillionsofpeople.

Whatisthefunctionof“toattract”insentence(b)?Isitusedtogivedescriptionorshowresult?“Toattract”servesasadverbialofresultinsentence(b).Theroomislargeenoughtotakeathirdbed.Itisusedtoshowresult.to-infinitive不定式定義：

表示動作的方向或趨勢，除了謂語，

其他角色都能勝任（主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語...)。todo的基本結構（時態＋語態）主動形式被動形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing無完成進行式tohavebeendoing無todo的基本結構（時態＋語態）主動形式作用被動形式todo目的；將來tobedone不定式句法功能1.作主語Toliveinthetownisveryhappy.居住在這個小鎮是非常幸福的。It形式主語Itis+adj+todoItisveryhappytoliveinthetown.居住在這個小鎮是非常幸福的。不定式的邏輯主語：for+名詞或代詞+todo

ofsb+todoIt'simpossibleformetolearnMathwell.對我來說學好數學是不可能的。It'skindofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我，你太好了。for前的形容詞指“事情”。如例句中的impossible是指學好數學這件事是不可能的。of前的形容詞多用來指“人的性格或行為表現”。如例句中的kind指你來幫我，你人很好。指“人的性格或行為表現”+of：brave(勇敢的)careful(仔細的)foolish(愚蠢的)kind(好心的)rude(粗魯的)thoughtful(周到的/體貼的)wise(明智的)2.作賓語動詞+todo/nottodo(不定式的否定在to前+not)動詞+疑問詞+todo動詞+it+賓補+todo(it是形式賓語，英語中的尾重原則)Ican'tbeartolookback.往事不能回首。Ipromisednottotellaboutit.我保證不給別人說。Tellmewhentogo.告訴我啥時候走。Ifinditdifficulttounderstandmysister.我發現我很難理解我姐姐.3.作表語Theimportantthingistosavelives.救人要緊。4.作定語Everyonehasrighttospeak.毎個人都有説活的叔利.Ihavealettertowrite.我有一封信要寫5.作狀語目的狀語Iworkedhardtoliveabetterlife.我努力工作過上更好的生活.條件狀語Iwillbegladtojoinyou.如果能加入你們我很開心。原因狀語IwasgladtoSeeheryesterday.因為昨天見了她，我很開心。結果狀語Hespeakstoofastformetofollow.他說話對我來說太快了，我跟不上。Iarrivedatthestationveryearly,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.我很早就到車站了，去發現火車已經離開了。（onlytofind表意想不到的結果)6.補語Mymomwon'tallowustoplayonthestreet.爸爸不允許我在街上玩。某些動詞后，不定式要省去to①感覺動詞:see、watch,look、observe、hear,feelIhearhimsingasong.(整個過程)我聽見他唱了一首歌。Ihearhimsingingasong.(正在進行)我聽見他正在唱一首歌。②使役動詞:make,have，let，get，leaveMymothermademecleanthefloorthismorning.我的媽媽今天早上讓我掃了地。Ihavehimrepairthecar.我讓他修車。注意:感覺動詞和使役動詞變被動的時候，需要加上toHewasseentobuysomethingintheshopyesterday.他昨天被看見在商店買東西。Iwasmadetolaugh.我被逗笑了。③特殊搭配:hadbetter(最好)wouldrather(寧愿)Mightaswell(倒不如)can'thelpbut(禁不住/不得不)Wemightaswellfinishupthecake.我們還是把蛋糕吃完吧。Ican'thelpbutfeelapang.我禁不住感到一絲悲痛。7.同位語Suddenly,Igottheidea,toleaveatonce.突然，我有個想法，立刻離開。8.插入語Tobeginwith(首先)Totellmethetruth(說實話)Tobefrank/honest/brief(坦率/老實/簡單地說)Tomakealongstoryshort(長話短說)Tomakealongstoryshort,hewaswantedbythepolicemen.長話短說，警察在通緝他。特殊句型:Why(not)+do?Whypaytowatchthemovie?為什么要花錢看那部電影?Whynotaskmeforhelp?為什么不找我幫忙呢?不定式語態變化不定式的主被動:取決于不定式和它的邏輯主語之間的關系.邏輯主語是不定式動作的發出者，不定式就用主動語態。邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者，不定式就用被動語態.一般式:主動todo(要做/去做)被動:tobedone(要被做)Sheseemedunhappytomeetus.她見到我們似乎不高興。(she是meet的發出者，用主動語態)Themachineneedstoberepaired.這臺機器需要被修理。(machine是repair的承受者，用被動語態)進行式:主動tobedoing(正在做)(動作正在發生)Ihappenedtobecookingwhenhecameback.當他回來時，我碰巧正在做飯。完成式:主動tohavedone(已經/之前做)(動作發生在謂語動Iamsorrytohavebotheredyou.我很抱歉打擾到你了。(打擾發生在抱歉之前，故用tohavedone)被動:tohavehavedone已經/之前被做Itwasanhonortohavebeeninvitedbyhim.被他邀請是一種榮幸。(邀請發生在榮幸之前，且是被邀請，用havebeendone)完成進行時:tohavebeendoing(之前一直做)(動作發生在謂語動詞之前并還會持續發生)IseemtohavebeenlearningEnglishfor10years.我似乎已經學了10年英語了。(此句用的havebeendoing,暗示還會繼續學下去)I.Mypetstakemealotoftime_A.lookafter

B.tolookafter

C.tolook

D.lookingfor2.Themedicineis_threetimesaday.A.tobetaken

B.totakeC.tohavetaken

D.tohavebeentaken3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Iamafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealready,ashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleft

B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft4.Thechairmanthought_necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeetingA.

that

B.it

C.this

D.him5.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered___attheparty,butnot_A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleavec.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleave6.Youweresillynot__.yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.LockingD.havinglocked7.Volunteeringgivesyouachance___lives,includingyourown.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.tochange8.Letthoseinneed___thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.A.tounderstandB.understand