江蘇省重點中學2022-2023學年高一下學期期初英語試卷

學校：___________姓名：班級：___________考號：

一'閱讀理解

TherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.Herearefour

landmarksinAntarcticaandthey'renamedforthefemalepioneers.

JonesTerrace（梯田）

Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica'sVictoriaLandbearsJonesname.In1969,

geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheUStoworkin

Antarctica.Jonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweathering（風化作用）intheMcMurdoDry

Valleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhad

collected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley'sice-

coveredlakes.

MountFineness

8,202-foot-highMountFineness,locatedonAntarctica9slargestisland-Alexander

Island-isnamedforGinnyFineness.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowers

intheAntarctic.In1985,FinenessbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,

aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarctic

region.FrancisPeak

FrancisPeak

The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica'sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJane

Francis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolar

researchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina

2021paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuch

warmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.

PedenCliffs

PedenCliffsnearAntarctica'sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.

ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,whereshe

usedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequency

radiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.Theyalso

usedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

1、WhichofthefollowingisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?

A.PedenCliffs.B.FrancisPeak.

C.MountFineness.D.JonesTerrace.

2、WhohelpedprovetheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctica?

A.IrenePeden.B.DameJaneFrancis.

C.GinnyFineness.D.LoisM.Jones.

3、WhatwasspecialaboutIrenePedenaccordingtothetext?

A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.

C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.

D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.

SeytonThomasisacollegestudentwithaheartofgiving.Shehasexperienced

challengesinherlifethatsculptedherdrivetolightasparkinyoungchildrenfromall

backgroundstodevelopleadership,perseverance,compassionandself-love.Shesays,

"Serviceiswhatsavedme,andIhopethatthisisamessagethatIcanspreadtotheyouth

acrosstheworld."

Duringthepandemic,SeytonThomasorganizedadiversegroupofyoungpeopletohelp

alocalcrisiscenter.TheCommunityCrisisCenterinMiami,Oklahoma,isahomethatgives

shelterandotherservicestowomenandchildrenwhoaresufferingfromdomesticabuse.The

crisiscenterdependsonvolunteerstohelpthewomenandchildrenreceiveencouragement

andabreakfromstress,butthepandemicmadevolunteerinteractiondifficult.

Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorofpaintingencouragingmessageson

stonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterforthechildrentofind.Seytonpulled

togetherotherstudentsfromthePhiThetaKappaHonorSocietyandhercollegesoccerteam.

Togethertheyoungpeoplecollectedstones,paintedkindmessagesandfilledtwoboxesfull

offunandcolorfulstones.Thentheygavethemtothecrisiscentertohide.Thechildrenat

thecrisiscenterweredelightedtofindandreadthesemessages.Theythoughthighlyofthe

experienceaswellasthewordscomingfromcommunitymemberswhotooktimetomake

themrealizetheywerevalued.

Seytonreflectswiththegroupofvolunteersthattheprojectisagreatwaytobring

peopletogetherpositivelyinthecommunitytodosomethingforthegoodofothers.Theytalk

abouthowservingotherscanmakeadifferencetosomeone'slife.Itseemsthatthedeedisas

smallasastone,buttheimpactcanbeaslargeasamountain.

4、WhomdoestheCommunityCrisisCentermainlyhelp?

A.Poorfamilies.B.Homelessorphans.

C.Victimsoffamilyviolence.D.Pandemicdiseasesufferers.

5、HowdidSeytonThomashelpthecrisiscenter?

A.Byraisingafundforallkidsinthecenter.

B.Byspreadingusefulnewsaboutthepandemic.

C.Byencouraginghersoccerteammemberstodonate.

D.Bypresentinginspiringmessagestochildreninthecenter.

6、WhatkindofpersonisSeytonThomas?

A.Curiousandoptimistic.B.Kind-heartedandcaring.

C.Seriousandmodest.D.Creativeandeducated.

7、Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Smallstonesmakeabigdifference

B.Volunteerworkhasgreatbenefits

C.Findhopeduringdifficulttimes

D.Givingisbetterthanreceiving

Itisreportedthatthesenseofsmellplaysadominantroleinthesocialinteractionsofall

landanimalsexcepthumans.Thenthequestionarises:Isthisbecausehumansdon'tusetheir

nosesinsocialsettingsthewayallotherlandanimalsdo?Oristhisbehaviorcovert（隱蔽的）,

ratherthanovert,inhumans?

Infact,thisisexactlywhatInbalRavreby,agraduatestudentinProfNoamSobel's

laboratoryinWeizmann'sBrainSciencesDepartment,triedtoanswer.Andasseverallinesof

evidencesuggestthathumansareconstantly,althoughmostlysubconsciously,sniffing

themselvesandothers,Ravrebysupposedthatthelatteristhecase.

Totestherhypothesis,Ravrebyconductedthestudywithpairsofclickfriends:same-sex

nonromanticfriendswhosefriendshipshadoriginallyformedveryrapidly.Becausesuch

friendshipsemergepriortoanin-depthacquaintance,theymaybeparticularlyinfluencedby

physiologicalcharacteristicssuchasbodysmell.Shethencollectedbodysmellsamplesfrom

theseclickfriendsandconductedtwosetsofexperimentstocomparethesampleswiththose

collectedfromrandompairsofindividuals.Inonesetofexperiments,sheperformedthe

comparisonwithadeviceknownasanelectronicnose,oreNose,whichassessedthe

chemicalsignaturesofthesmells.Intheother,sheaskedvolunteerstosmellthetwogroups

ofbodysmellsamplesinordertoassesssimilaritiesmeasuredbyhumanperception.Inboth

typesofexperiments,clickfriendswerefoundtosmellsignificantlymorelikeeachother

thantheindividualsintherandompairs.

Next,toruleoutthepossibilitythatbodysmellsimilaritywasaconsequenceofclick

friendships,ratherthanacontributingcause,Ravrebyperformedanadditionalsetof

experiments,inwhichsheusedtheeNoseto"smell“anumberofvolunteerswhowere

completestrangerstooneanother,andthenaskedthemtoengageinnonverbal俳言語的）

socialinteractionsinpairs.Aftereachsuchstructuredinteraction,theparticipantsratedthe

otherindividualintermsofhowmuchtheylikedthatperson.Subsequentanalysisrevealed

thattheindividualswhohadmorepositiveinteractionsindeedsmelledmorelikeeachother,

asdeterminedbytheeNose.

“Theseresultsimplythat,asthesayinggoes,thereischemistryinsocialchemistry,

Ravrebyconcludes.However,Sobelofferswordsofcaution,"Thisisnottosaythatweact

likedogsorgoats一humanslikelyrelyonother,farmoredominantsignalsintheirsocial

decision-making.Nevertheless,ourstudy'sresultsdosuggestthatournoseplaysabigger

rolethanpreviouslythoughtinourchoiceoffriends.^^

8、WhatdidInbalRavrebywanttofigureout?

A.Whetherhumanshaveasharpsenseofsmell.

B.Whetherhumans9nosescandetectalltypesofsmells.

C.Whetheritisnecessaryforhumanstosniffotherpeople.

D.Whetherthesenseofsmellplaysaroleinhumans9interaction.

9、Whatmakesthefirsttwosetsofexperimentsdifferentfromeachother?

A.Thewaytomakecomparisons.

B.Theparticipationofrandompairs.

C.ThewayvolunteersusedtheeNose.

D.Thenumberofpairsofclickfriends.

10、WhydidRavrebyinvolvecompletestrangersinthefollowingexperiments?

A.Todeterminethereliabilityofthefinding.

B.Toavoidinteractionsbetweenclickfriends.

C.Tomaketheexperimentsmuchmoreinteresting.

D.TotesttheaccuracyoftheeNoseinsmellanalysis.

11、WhatisSobersattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?

A.Disapproving.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.

Unlessyou'reblindorknowsomeonewhois,youmightnotknowthatblindpeopleuse

thesamesmartphonesassightedpeople.Infact,manyblindpeopleusetouch-screen

smartphoneseveryday.Thesecretisthatsmartphoneshaveascreenreader,atoolthatallows

blindpeopletouseamixofgesturesandtaps,alongwithvibrations（震動）oraudiofeedback,

tousetheirapps.

Screenreadersworkondesktopcomputersaswellasmobiledevices.Awell-designed

websiteorappuserinterface（用戶界面）makestheinformationonthewebsiteorapp

accessibletothescreenreader,whichmakesitaccessibletoblindusers.However,abadly

designedwebsiteorapplicationwillturnouttobeinvisibletoascreenreader.

Manydesignersfindagoodwaytomaketechnologyavailabletoall,whichcanbe

explainedthroughanexample-thewholetouchscreen.Itwasreportedthatblindusers

foundlocatingsmalliconsandspecificnumbersontheon-screenkeypad（鍵盤）difficult.At

present,theprevailingsolutiontothisproblemistousethewholetouchscreenasaninput

control.Insteadofhavingtotouchaparticularpartofthescreen,userscantapanywherein

responsetoaudioinstructions.Theseinsightswouldhavebeenimpossiblewithoutinvolving

peoplewithdifferentdisabilitiesintheevaluationanddesignoftouchscreens.

Yetmanytechnologiesarestillnotaccessibletouserswithdisabilities.Onewaytomake

appsandwebsitesmoreaccessibleistohavepeoplewithdisabilitiesdesigningthe

technologies.Butthedesignprocessitselfisnotveryaccessibletothoseverypeople,because

veryfewtoolsinuserinterfacedesigners9toolboxareaccessible.Ifsacatch-22.

Ourrecentresearchevaluatedtheexistingprototypingsoftware,atoolallowinguser

interfacedesignerstocreatetemporarymodelstoshowclientsortotestamongusers.We

foundthatmostpopularprototypingsoftwarefailstoworktogetherwithscreenreaders.

Therefore,blinddesignerscannotusetheprototypingsoftwaretocreatemodelsoftheirown.

Thisiswheretheproblemisintheprocessofcreatingaccessibletechnology.

Accessibilityisanissuethattoucheseveryone.Providingaccesstotechnologyislegally

requiredinmostcases.Whileitisusefulfordesignerstobeawareofhowuserswith

disabilitiesinteractwithtechnologies,themostpowerfulinsightsmaycomefromthosewith

disabilitiesthemselves.

12、Whafsthemajordifferencebetweenawell-designedappandabadlydesignedone?

A.Theformerfunctionswellwithascreenreader.

B.Theformerisapplicabletomostmobiledevices.

C.Thelatterfailstointeractwithdesktopcomputers.

D.Thelatter9scomplexmixofinformationdistractsusers.

13、Whatdomanydesignersthinkisagoodwaytomaketechnologyfriendlytoall?

A.Evaluatingusers9responsetoon-screenkeypads.

B.Makinginputandoutputcontrolseasytooperate.

C.Creatingspecialiconsandnumbersforblindpeople.

D.Includingdisabledpeopleinthedevelopmentprocess.

14、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch-22"inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Priority.B.Prejudice.C.Dilemma.D.Puzzle.

15、Whafstheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Toshowdisabledpeople'sdifficultyinusingdigitaldevices.

B.Tourgepeopletobeconcernedaboutthesituationofthedisabled.

C.Toinformusofthespecificneedsofthedisabledinthedigitalera.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofengagingthedisabledintechnologydevelopment.

二、七選五

16、Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Most

peoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:

reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshort-termmemoryand

problemsolving.①.Howcanyoucutdownonyourusageofcellphones?The

followingaresomemethodssuggestedbyexperts.

Keeptoyourschedule.

Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.②.When

youralarmsounds,readandhandlenotifications（通知）andthenputdownthephone.To

reduceresponseanxiety,tellyourfriendsorfamilythatyoumaynotrespondtotheir

messagesasquicklyasyouusedto.

Createno-phonetimezones.

Duringworkinghours,ifyou'reconstantlyupsetbyyourphonegoingoff,youwon't

remainfocusedonthework.Therefore,youcouldcreateano-phonetimezone.（3）.

Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.

④.

Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.Forexample,

purchasearadioalarmclockinsteadofdependingonyourphonetowakeyouup,andstart

yournewyearbybuyinganewnotebook,soyoucanwriteyourappointmentandto-dolist

thereinsteadofinyourphone.

Putahairband（發帶）aroundyourphone.

Whenplacedinthemiddleofthephone,thehairbandallowsuserstoanswerphonecalls

easily,butmakesotherusesofthephonemoredifficult.Everytimeyouwanttouseyour

phone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyour

intentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethe

hairband.⑤.Choosethemethodsmostsuitableforyoursituationandmakeefforts

toavoidtoomuchuseofcellphones.

A.Reduceyourreliance

B.Learntolivealifewithoutphones

C.Peoplegetaddictedtosmartphonesfordifferentreasons

D.Forexample,everyhalf-hour,every45minutesoreveryhour

E.Andtherelationbetweenphoneaddictionandmentalillnessisalarming

F.Thepracticehelpsavoidmindlesslyunlockingyourphoneevery3minutes

G.Shutyourphoneforatleast2hoursofyourday,whenyou'remostproductive

三、完形填空（15空）

Onlyayearapartinage,DeAnnaEllenbergerPursaiandhersister,Angel,called

themselvestwins.Butthere'sonebig]betweenthem.

AsAngelwasbornwithDownsyndrome（唐氏綜合征），somestrangers2placing

herinaninstitution.Hermom3andsaidshewasgoingtotakeAngelhome.

Beingabletosinganddanceastheypleased,PursaiandAngelshareda（n）4

childhood.ThenPursaiwentofftoPurdueUniversity.

Atage22,Angelhadto5school.Angelwastooincapabletofindasenseof__6

indayprogramsinherruralcommunity,andtherewerenootherlocalcollegesforadultslike

Angel.ItwaswhenPursaisawhersisterlieonthecouchallthetimethatshe7how

differentAngerslifehadbeenfromhers.

8in2008,PursaimetDr.PamLindsay,whohasadaughterwithautism（自閉癥）.

Theytalkedaboutthe9ofeducationoptionsforadultswithintellectualdisabilities.And

in2009,they10theCollegeofAdaptiveArtsinSanJose,California,forthisgroupwith

11needsbutnoaccesstohighereducation.

Todate,they'vehadnearly350studentsenrolled（招募）.Manyparentshaveexpressed

12thattheirchildfoundasafespacetolearn,growanddevelopfriendships.

“Thereareadultswhoare13becausetheycanhardlyfindatraditionalcollegethat

14theirneedsJPursaisaid."Butwhenyougivethemasafespace,it'sanunbelievable

15

17、A.secretB.appointmentC.differenceD.conflict

18、A.recommendedB.triedC.avoidedD.

admitted

19、A.arrivedB.declinedC.approvedD.followed

20、A.toughB.awkwardC.stressfulD.amazing

21、A.getoffB.getridofC.getoutofD.getover

22、A.securityB.accomplishmentC.confidenceD.community

23、A.agreedB.provedC.recalledD.realized

24、A.DisappointedlyB.Gratefully

C.FortunatelyD.Regretfully

25、A.lackB.varietyC.balanceD.freedom

26、A.visitedB.contactedC.attendedD.founded

27、A.financialB.medicalC.specialD.emotional

28、A.concernB.determinationC.doubtD.relief

29、A.strugglingB.competingC.floatingD.emerging

30、A.submitstoB.caterstoC.stickstoD.refersto

31、A.invitationB.challengeC.changeD.adventure

四、語法填空

32、Theprofessorwillgivealecture_______（concern）pollutionandtherainforest.（所給詞

的適當形式填空）一

33、________（expose）tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.

34、Iambeginningtofeelembarrassedbymycomplete_______（ignore）ofworldhistory.

（用單詞的適當形式填空）

35、Adiet_______（lack）nutrientswillnotke叩apersonhealthy.（所給詞的適當形式填空）

36、Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thus_______（allow）manymorepeoplethechanceof

highereducation.（所給詞的正確形式填空）

37、Actsof_______（generous）canchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfullof

love.（所給詞的適當形式填空）J

38、Hefeltitwouldbehisdignitytocomment.（用適當的詞填空）

39、TheStudents9Unionislikeahugestage,_______everyonesparesnoefforttoachieve

theirdreams.（用適當的詞填空）

40>Thechairmanthought_______necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthe

meeting.

41、Muchtothecouple'scomfort,theirincomeisnowdoubleitwasfiveyearsago.

（用適當的詞填空）

五、短文填空

42、RE,abikinglifestylecompanyinBeijing,runsjustoneofthecityclubsthathave

startedtogathercoolbikerstogether.Thecompany,sshopsnotonlyprovidebicyclegear(裝

備)and①(product),butalsohavecafesandflowerandclothingsectionsasitaims②

(promote)bikecultureasalifestylechoiceandalsoexpandthescale(范圍)and

togethernessofthebikingcommunityinthecity.

LuoYuan,CEOofRE,toldtheGlobalTimesthatthecyclingculturehaslongexistedin

Chinaandnowascene(3)wasoncecommonplaceduringthe1980s,lotsofpeople(4)

(ride)bikes,hasreturned.

“Thepositiveideaofsportscanmeettoday9surban(城市的)riders9longingfor⑤

modem,eco-friendlylifestyle.Ridingabike⑥(be)becomingaformofspiritual

healingformoreandmorepeople/9Luonoted.

Bikingcirclesarenotjustconnectedthroughshopsbutalsoonlinecommunities.Taking

theRE'sonlineplatform⑦example,ithasmorethan20,000(8)(register)

onlinemembersandover20sub-communities,inwhichbikersjoinin⑨(create)

eventssuchasdesigningtheirownridingclothesfromrecycledmaterials.

SuchtrendscanalsobeseenonsocialmediaplatformssuchasmediareviewsiteDouban

andlifestyleplatformLittleRedBook,onwhichexperiencedridersshare⑩(they)

designedroutesandexperiences.

六、書面表達

43、假定你是李華，想邀請你校交換生Allen一同參觀正在市藝術中心舉辦的以My

People,MyCountry為主題的書法繪畫展(calligraphyandpaintingexhibition)□請給他寫

一封電子郵件，內容包括：

1.參觀目的；

2.參觀內容；

3.約定時間。

注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

七、完成句子

44、AseachNewYear'sDaycomesnear,peopleoften（反省）theirgainsandlosses

intheyear.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

45、Thecompanypromisesthatthenewproductisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseitcan

（分解）naturallywithoutproducinganythingharmful.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

46、Theorganizationhopesthatthenewmanagerwill（注入活力）thewholeteam

whosespirithasbeenbrokenbythecompetitor.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

47、TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,iscloseto6,400kilometres

（長度）.（根據漢語提示完成句子）」

48、Therewillbeabigsurprise_______（等待著某人）herwhenshegetshometonight!（根

據漢語提示完成句子）\,

49、Today,I'llgiveyouashortintroductiontosomeaspectsoffilm-makingyoumightnot

（熟悉）.（根據漢語提示完成句子）-“

50>Chinesebusinessmen（對...挑易!J）thedetails,especiallyintheaspectof

quality.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

51>Makingexerciseadailyroutinewill,（相應地，轉而），improveyourimmune

system.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

52、Whenfeartakescontrolofourmind,mostofuswillbe（茫然）anddon'tknow

whattodo.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

53、Itis（典型）hertoforgetalltheimportantthings.（根據漢語提示完成句子）

八、選詞填空

54、選擇并使用所給英語單詞的正確形式完成句子。有兩個單詞為多余詞。

establishspecificweavedevotemajorsurviveimpression

①Hehadalwaysonhischildrenthatiftheyworkedhardtheywouldsucceedinlife.

②Thedoctortoldthepatienfsfamilythathehada75%chanceof.

③Whensomeonecooksamealforusthatwedon'tlike,theofuswilltellawhite

lieandsaythefoodisdelicious.

④Thegovernmenthasacommitteetorebuildthehistoricbuildinginthetown.

⑤tohiswork,hehasnotimetoaccompanyhischildren.

參考答案

I、答案：C

解析：細節理解題。根據MountFineness部分的介紹中“Sheestablishedandmaintained

80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.（她在南極建立并維護了80英尺高的無線電塔）”

可知，GinnyFineness在南極建造并維護了無線電發射塔，MountFineness正是以她的

名字命名的。故選C項。

2、答案：B

解析：細節理解題。根據FrancisPeak部分的介紹中“Hercollectionoffossilson

SeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossils

indicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.（她在西摩島U攵

集的化石有助于在2021的一篇論文中得出結論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸

曾經的氣候比現在溫暖得多）”可知，DameJaneFrancis搜集的植物化石幫助證實了南極

洲地區以前的氣候比現在的溫暖得多。故選B項。

3、答案：A

解析：細節理解題。根據PedenCliffs部分的介紹中“Theyalsousedvaryingradiowave

frequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.（他們還使用不同的無線電波

頻率來測量南極洲冰蓋的厚度）”可知，IrenePeden能夠測量出南極洲冰原的厚度。故

選A項。

4、答案：C

解析：細節理解題。根據第二段“TheCommunityCrisisCenterinMiami,Oklahoma,isa

homethatgivesshelterandotherservicestowomenandchildrenwhoaresufferingfrom

domesticabuse.（俄克拉何馬州邁阿密的社區危機處理中心為遭受家庭虐待的婦女和兒

童提供住所和其他服務）”可知，社區危機處理中心主要幫助家庭暴力的受害者。故選

C項。

5、答案：D

解析：細節理解題。根據第三段“Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorof

paintingencouragingmessagesonstonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterfor

thechildrentofind.（Seyton從危機處理中心主任那里得到了一個主意，就是在石頭上畫

上鼓勵性的信息，然后把它們藏在危機處理中心的草坪上，讓孩子們找到）”可知，

Seyton是通過向危機處理中心的孩子們展示石頭上的鼓勵性的信息來提供幫助的。故

選D項。

6、答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段"SeytonThomasisacollegestudentwithaheartof

giving.（SeytonThomas是一個有奉獻之心的大學生）”以及第二段“Duringthepandemic,

SeytonThomasorganizedadiversegroupofyoungpeopletohelpalocalcrisiscenter.（在大

流行病期間，SeytonThomas組織了一個多元化的年輕人團體，來幫助當地的一個危機

處理中心）”可知，SeytonThomas有奉獻之心，并為當地的危機處理中心提供幫助，所

以SeytonThomas是心地善良且樂于助人的。故選B項。

7、答案：A

解析：主旨大意題。根據第三段“Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorof

paintingencouragingmessagesonstonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterfor

thechildrentofind.（Seyton從危機處理中心主任那里得到了一?個主意，就是在石頭上畫

上鼓勵性的信息，然后把它們藏在危機處理中心的草坪上，讓孩子們找到）”以及最后

一段“Itseemsthatthedeedisassmallasastone,buttheimpactcanbeaslargeasa

mountain.（這件事情看起來像石頭一樣小，但影響卻可能像大山一樣大）”可知，本文主

要講述了SeytonThomas使用石頭為危機處理中心的孩子們提供鼓勵性的信息，產生

了有益的影響，所以“小石子有大影響”可以作為文章標題。故選A項。

8、答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段"Itisreportedthatthesenseofsmellplaysadominantrole

inthesocialinteractionsofalllandanimalsexcepthumans.Thenthequestionarises:Isthis

becausehumansdon'tusetheirnosesinsocialsettingsthewayallotherlandanimalsdo?Or

isthisbehaviorcovert,ratherthanovert,inhumans?（據報道，嗅覺在除人類之外的所有陸

地動物的社會互動中起著主導作用。那么問題來了：這是因為人類不像其他陸地動物

那樣在社交環境中使用鼻子嗎？或者人類的這種行為是隱蔽的，而不是公開的？廣以

及第二段“Infact,thisisexactlywhatInbalRavreby,agraduatestudentinProf.Noam

Sobel'slaboratoryinWeizmann'sBrainSciencesDepartment,triedtoanswer.（事實上，這

正是魏茲曼腦科學系諾姆?索貝爾教授實驗室的研究生InbalRavreby試圖回答的問題）”

可推知，InbalRavreby想弄清楚的是嗅覺是否在人類的互動中起作用。故選D項。

9、答案：A

解析：細節理解題。根據第三段“Inonesetofexperiments,sheperformedthecomparison

withadeviceknownasanelectronicnose,oreNose,whichassessedthechemicalsignatures

ofthesmells.Intheother,sheaskedvolunteerstosmellthetwogroupsofbodysmell

samplesinordertoassesssimilaritiesmeasuredbyhumanperception.Inbothtypesof

experiments,clickfriendswerefoundtosmellsignificantlymorelikeeachotherthanthe

individualsintherandompairs.（在一組實驗中，她與一種叫做電子鼻或者eNose的電子

設備進行了比較，該設備評估了氣味的化學特征。另一組實驗中，她讓志愿者聞兩組

體味樣本，以評估人類感知的相似性。在這兩種類型的實驗中，點擊好友的氣味明顯

比隨機配對的人更相似）”可知，兩組實驗中，進行比較時，所使用的方式不同。故選

A項。

10、答案：A

解析：細節理解題。根據第四段“Next,toruleoutthepossibilitythatbodysmellsimilarity

wasaconsequenceofclickfriendships,ratherthanacontributingcause,Ravrebyperformed

anadditionalsetofexperiments,inwhichsheusedtheeNoseto“smell“anumberof

volunteerswhowerecompletestrangerstooneanother,andthenaskedthemtoengagein

nonverbalsocialinteractionsinpairs.（接下來，為了排除身體氣味相似性是點擊友誼的結

果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby進行了一組額外的實驗，在實驗中，她使用

eNose來“聞”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后讓他們兩人進行非言語社交互動）”可

知，Ravreby進行了一組額外的實驗，讓完全陌生的志愿者參與實驗，是為了排除身體

氣味相似性是點擊友誼的結果這一可能性，確定發現的可靠性。故選A項。

11、答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段"Nevertheless,ourstudy'sresultsdosuggestthatour

noseplaysabiggerrolethanpreviouslythoughtinourchoiceoffriends.（不過，我們的研究

結果確實表明，我們的鼻子在我們選擇朋友時所起的作用比以前想象的更大）”可推

知，索貝爾肯定了研究的結果，對于研究結果的態度是贊同的。故選C項。

12、答案：A

解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中“Awell-designedwebsiteorappuserinterface（用戶界

面）makestheinformationonthewebsiteorappaccessibletothescreenreader,whichmakes

itaccessibletoblindusers.However,abadlydesignedwebsiteorapplicationwillturnoutto

beinvisibletoascreenreader.（一個設計良好的網站或應用程序用戶界面可以讓屏幕閱

讀器訪問網站或應用程序上的信息，這使得盲人用戶也可以訪問。然而，一個設計糟

糕的網站或應用程序對屏幕閱讀器來說是不可見的。）”可知，設計良好的應用程序和

設計糟糕的應用程序相比較，前者與屏幕閱讀器配合使用效果很好。故選A項。

13、答案：B

解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中“Manydesignersfind