GrammarPassiveVoice一.復習被動語態(RevisethePassiveVoice)

英語動詞有主動語態(theactivevoice)和被動語態(thepassivevoice)兩種形式。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者;被語態表示主語是動作的承受者。如：

Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.(主動語態)Theworkersweremadetoworklonghours.(被動語態)Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.轉換規則：

用公式表示為:(主動)S+V+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),

如：

MissLiisteachingmusicnow.

一般進行完成現在am/is/aregiven過去was/weregiven

將來shall/willbegiven時式二.常見主被動時態變化一覽表am/is/arebeing

givenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeing

givenhadbeen

givenshall/willhavebeen

given1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewateris

being

turned

intovapour.3.Thoseroomshave

not

been

cleanedyet.4.Hewas

seentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywere

being

shownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshad

just

been

inventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysbe

remembered

asthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,thebuildingwill

havebeenfinished.不定式被動式的用法:不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系時,要用不定式的被動式。不定式的一般被動式即表示其邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者,又表示其動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生或在其后發生;不定式的完成被動式即表示其邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者,又表示其動作發生在謂語動詞的動作之前。e.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月內建成這座橋。(一般被動式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的幫助,她很高興。(完成被動式)三.動詞不定式的主動被動結構變化一覽表一般式進行式完成式主動todotobedoingtohavedone被動tobedoneto

have

been

doneThemeetingtobeheldisofgreatimportance.(2)Thebridgeto

be

builtnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemsto

have

been

builtbyagoodarchitect.Moreexamples:通常在believe,suppose,say,report等動詞構成的句子中可以進行主動語態到被動語態以及被動語態和動詞不定式的轉換。如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.據說麥克臥床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被殺了.當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般要采用被動形式。一、不定式的被動形式有下列用法:1.作主語：

Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.作賓語：

SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3.構成復合賓語：

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4.構成復合謂語：

Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5.作定語：

Areyougoingtothemeetingto

be

held

intheteachers’office?6.作狀語：

Shewastooyoungto

be

assignedsuchwork.二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式,在句中作主語、賓語、定語,或者構成復合賓語、復合謂語等。Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主語)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(賓語)Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(復合賓語)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(復合謂語)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定語)三、不定式的主動形式表示被動1.在therebe結構中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

2.在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”結構中。常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible，nice,pleasant,light,heavy,fit,interesting，important,expensive,cheap,dangerous等。如：

Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．3.在“too…todo;enough…to…”結構中。如：

Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout/(tobeworkedout)．

Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”結構中。例如：

Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican'tgotothecinema．5.當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現時。如：

Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的邏輯主語)

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的邏輯主語)

6.當不定式隱含在forsbtodo結構中時。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．

7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有let(出租),rent,hire,blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.NOTICE動詞不定式主動語態形式的使用要比被動語態形式的使用普遍,有時(尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動的,也往往用主動語態形式來表示。

Ihavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen不定式與高考題B

B

B4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchC

A

6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.Therearefivepairs_____,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考)

A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefrom

C.tochoose

D.forchoosingA

B

8.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep9.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledA

C

10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_____inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesaretrying_____theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeB

A

12.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考)A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake13.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas.(05年遼寧卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceivingD

C

14.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone15.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudying16.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows______.

A.whattodowithitB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowith

D.todowhatwithitD

A

A

17.Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisaster_____ifamirrorwasbroken.

A.wassureofstrikingB.wassureofhavingstruck

C.wassuretobestruckD.wassuretostrike18.Johnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.

A.towashB.washing

C.washD.tobewashing19.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.

A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torestD.restD

A

C20.LastsummerItookacourseon_________.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade21.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteat22.Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(04)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecausedA

CC

23.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule________.A.toneverbreak

B.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking24.Thetoolsintheworkshoparenotallowed______.A.takingoutB.totakeoutC.tobetakenoutD.beingtakenoutB

C

25.Thedam_____bytheyear2010,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompleted26.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed_____blownoffthemountain.A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.thatitwasD.thatithadbeenD

A

27.Hesaidsuchathingought____tohappen.A.tobenotallowedB.nottobeallowingC.nottohaveallowedD.nottobeallowed28.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_____intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetakenD

B

29.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported____twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetupC

30.Largesumsofmoney_____eachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges,ships,andotherexposedstructures.A.havespentB.havetobespentC.havetospendD.spendB31.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcome B.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welco