※nano-納,毫微,10-9

※micro-微,10-6※milli-毫,10-3

※centi-厘,10-2※deci-分,10-1

※deca-十,10※kilo-千,103※-liter升※meter米※gram克

microliter

micrometermicrogram

millilitermillimetermilligram

deciliterdecimeterdecigram

nanoliternanometernanogram

centilitercentimetercentigram

decaliterdecameterdecagram

kiloliterkilometerkilogram※hemi-,semi-?

※mono-,haplo-,hen-,uni-1※

di-,bi-,duo-,bis-2※tri-,triplo-,ter-3※

tetra-,quarto-,quadri-4※meth-甲eth-乙prop-丙but-丁penta-戊,5hexa-己,6hepta-庚,7octa-辛,8nona-壬,9deca-癸,10

un(hen)deca11dodeca12trideca13

tetradeca14octadeca18nondeca19

eicosa20heneicosa21docosa22tricosa23tetracosa24pentacosa25

※

-ane烷

-ene烯

-yne炔

-yl基

alkyl

['?lka?l;-k?l]烷基alkane['?lkein]烷烴alkene['?lki:n]烯烴alkyne['?lkain]炔烴propane['pr?upein]丙烷propene

丙烯['pr??pi?n]propyne['pr?upain]丙炔propyl['pr??pa?l;-p?l]丙基;丙烷基※-ol醇pentadiol戊二醇propanetriol[pr?'p?n?tri?ul]丙三醇;甘油

※

-enol烯醇

propenol['pr?up?n?l;-n?u]丙烯醇※

cyclo-環(huán)

cycloalkane[,sa?kl??'?lke?n]環(huán)烷烴cyclopropene環(huán)丙烯

cycloalkene環(huán)烯烴cycloalkyne環(huán)炔烴

※

one,ket-酮

ketone['ki:t?un]

cyclohexanone[,saikl?u'heks?n?un]環(huán)己酮※

ald-,-al,aldehyde

醛

formaldehyde[f?:'m?ldihaid],methanal

['meθ?n?l]甲醛propanal

[pr?'p?n?l]丙醛

butanal丁醛

benzaldehyde[ben'z?ld?ha?d]苯甲醛;安息香醛aldosterone[?l'd?st?r??n]醛固酮★

Result

showedthat

both

oils

contain

alkane,

alcohol,

ester,

ketone,

acid,

phenolandalkene,['est?]酯['fi?n?l]石碳酸;苯酚andthe

maincomponents主要成分are

tricosane,pentacosane二十五烷and

heptacosane.['traik?sein]二十三烷

[hep't?k?sein]二十七烷

★Aldosteroneisahormonesecretedbytheadrenal

cortex腎上腺皮質(zhì)thatregulateselectrolyte[?'dri?n(?)l]

['k??teks][?'lektr?la?t]電解質(zhì)andwaterbalancebyincreasingtherenal

['ri?n(?)l]腎(臟)的retention保留,滯留ofsodium

['s??d??m]鈉andtheexcretion[?k'skri??(?)n;ek-]

排泄(物);分泌(物)ofpotassium

[p?'t?s??m]鉀.methylmethanemethanolethylethaneethylene,ethene

ethanolethanalethynepropylpropylene,propenepropanolpropanediolpropanetriolpropynepropanedialpropanone

cyclopropylcyclopropanebutylbutylene,butenebutadienebutanediolbutanedialbutanonebutanedionebutynebutanolcyclobutylcyclobutanecyclobutenecyclobutadienecyclobutanone

pentylpentanepentylene,pentenepentadienepentenolpentanolpentanediol

pentanalpentanedialpentanonepentanedionepentynepentanediynecyclopentylcyclopentanecyclopentenecyclopentadienecyclopentanonehexylhexanehexylene,hexenehexadienehexatrienehexanolhexanediolhexenolhexanalhexanedialhexanedionecyclohexylcyclohexanecyclohexenecyclohexadiene※-ose糖saccharide糖;糖類

['s?k?ra?d]

monose單糖

monosaccharide

[m?n?(?)'s?k?ra?d]

pentose戊糖

['pent?us]

ribose核糖

['ra?b??z;-s]deoxyribose脫氧核糖

[d?,?ks?'ra?b??z;-s]

hexose['heks?us]己糖

glucose葡萄糖

['glu?k??s;-z]

fructose果糖

['fr?kt??z;-s]

diose二糖,雙糖

disaccharide[dai's?k?raid]

maltose麥芽糖['m??lt??z;-s;m?lt-]sucrose蔗糖['s(j)u?kr??z;-??s]

lactose乳糖['l?kt??z;-s]

cellobiose纖維二糖

[,sel?u'bai?uz]

aldose醛糖

['?ld?us]

aldohexose,hexoaldose己醛糖

glucose

[,?ld?u'heks?us]

ketose酮糖

['ki?t??s]

ketohexose己酮糖

[,ki:t?u'heks?us]fructoseoligose寡糖;低聚糖oligosaccharide

['?lig?us]

[,?l?g?(?)'s?k?ra?d]polyose多糖;聚糖

polysaccharide[,p?l?'s?k?ra?d]

starch淀粉[stɑ?t?]glycogen糖原['gla?k?d?(?)n]cellulose纖維素['selj?l??z;-s]

★Allcarbohydrate[kɑ?b?'ha?dre?t]碳水化合物foods,astheyaredigested,eventuallybreakdownintosimplesugars(monose),suchasglucoseandfructose.★Sucroseisadisaccharide(diose)composedofonemolecule['m?l?kju?l]分子ofglucoseandonemoleculeoffructose.★Themostimportantrepresentativesofdisaccharidesaresucrose,lactose,maltoseandcellobiose.★Glucosewithasix-carbon-atomaldehydesugaristermedanaldohexose.※

-ate…鹽,酯

ester酯

formate['f?:meit]甲酸鹽;蟻酸鹽ethyl['eθa?l;-θ?l;'i?-]formate甲酸乙酯

acetate['?s?te?t]醋酸鹽;乙酸鹽ethylacetate乙酸(醋酸)乙酯

propionate['pr??p??ne?t]丙酸鹽;丙酸酯propylpropionate丙酸丙酯

carbonate['kɑ?b?ne?t]碳酸鹽

bicarbonate[ba?'kɑ?b?ne?t;-n?t]碳酸氫鹽sodiumcarbonate碳酸鈉sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氫鈉;小蘇打

nitrate['na?tre?t]硝酸鹽silvernitrate硝酸銀

phosphate['f?sfe?t]磷酸鹽potassiumdihydrogenphosphate磷酸二氫鉀sulfate['s?lfeit]硫酸鹽

aluminium[?l(j)?'m?n??m]sulfate硫酸鋁

※hydro-氫,水

hydrate

['ha?dre?t]水合物hydrocarbon[,ha?dr?(?)'kɑ:b(?)n]烴carbohydrate[kɑ?b?'ha?dre?t]碳水化合物;糖類monohydrate

[m?n?(?)'ha?dre?t]一水合物;一水化物

dihydrate[dai'haidreit]trihydrate

[trai'haidreit]tetrahydrate[,tetr?'haidrit;-dreit]pentahydrate[,pent?'haidreit]

hexahydrateheptahydratenonahydratedecahydrateoctahydratedodecahydrate[,d?udik?'haidreit]hexaketocyclohexaneoctahydrate

環(huán)己六酮八水合物

※

hydroxy(l)-羥基hexahydroxycyclohexane[,heks?hai'dr?ksi,sik-l?'heksein]六羥基環(huán)己烷※-ase酶

enzyme

hydroxylase[hai'dr?ksileis]羥化酶

methyltransferase,MT[,meθil'tr?nsf?reis]甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶catechol-O-methyltransferase,COMT

兒茶酚氧位甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶

['k?t?t??l;-k?l]鄰苯二酚,兒茶酚maltase['m?lte?z;'m??l-]麥芽糖酶oxidase

['?ks?de?z]氧化酶reductase

[r?'d?kte?z]還原酶oxidoreductase['?ksid?uri'd?kteis]氧化還原酶synthase

['s?nθe?z]

合酶nitric

oxidesynthase

(NOS)一氧化氮合酶['na?tr?k](含)氮的['?ksa?d]氧化物★Maltasecancatalyzethehydrolysis[ha?'dr?l?s?s]

水解作用ofmaltose

['m??lt??z;-s;m?lt-]totwo

glucoses.★

Nitric

oxide(NO)

plays

an

important

role

in

cardiovascular

system.

Nitric

oxide

synthase(NOS)is

thekeyenzymeduringthe

synthesisprocess

of

nitric

oxide.

※acet-乙酰

acetic[?'si:tik]

醋酸的aceticacid醋酸,乙酸

glacial英['gle?s??l;-?(?)l]

aceticacid冰醋酸

dilute[dai'lju:t;di-]

aceticacid稀醋酸

acetate['?siteit]乙(醋)酸鹽acetone

['?sit?un]丙酮

acetaldehyde[,?si't?ldihaid],ethanal[,eθ?'n?l]乙醛※acetyl-乙酰基acetylcholine乙酰膽堿[?,si:til'k?uli:n]英[,?s?ta?l'k??li?n;-t?l-]acetylcholinesterase,AchE乙酰膽堿酯酶[?'si:til,k?uli'nest?reis]

★AchEisanenzymethatcatalyzes['k?t?laiz]

thehydrolysis[hai'dr?lisis]

水解ofacetylcholinetocholineandacetate.IntheCNS,itplaysaroleinthefunctionofperipheral外周的neuromuscular

junctions神經(jīng)肌肉接頭.※amin-氨,氨基aminoacid英[?,mi:n?u'?sid]氨基酸aminoacetic

acid氨基乙酸;甘氨酸Glycine,Glyaminobenzene[?,mi:n?u'benzi:n]氨基苯;苯胺

para-aminobenzoic

acid,PABA

對氨基苯甲酸aminobenzoate氨基苯甲酸鹽Sodium4-aminobenzoate

aminosalicylic[?'mi:n?u,s?li'silik]

acid氨基水楊酸

p-aminosalicylic

acid,PAS對氨基水楊酸

aminosalicylate

氨基水楊酸鹽

aminolysis氨解(作用)(-lysis水解)

aminotransferase轉(zhuǎn)氨酶;氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶

[?,mi:n?u'tr?nsf?reis;,?min?u'tr?nsf?reis]

ammonia[?'m?unj?]氨,氨氣,氨水※amine胺

primaryamine伯胺,一級胺RNH2

secondaryamine仲胺,二級胺R2NH

tertiaryamine叔胺,三級胺R3N

quaternaryamine季銨鹽,四級銨鹽類R4N+X－

methylamine,aminomethane甲胺gasdimethylamine二甲胺

gasdimethylaminetetracycline二甲胺四環(huán)素;米諾環(huán)素

ethylamine,aminoethane乙胺

liquid

diethylamine二乙胺liquidethylenediamine乙二胺liquidethylene乙撐基

2-methoxyethylamine

2-甲氧基乙胺

ethambutol,EMB乙胺丁醇

cyclohexylamine環(huán)己胺

diphenylamine二苯胺

trimethylamine三甲胺

triethylamine三乙胺

diethanolamine二乙醇胺

(HOCH2CH2)2NH

triethanolamine三乙醇胺

(HOCH2CH2)3N

★Ethanolamine乙醇胺anditsderivative衍生物di-andtriethanolamine三乙醇胺resultfromreactingammoniawithethyleneoxide環(huán)氧乙烷;乙撐氧.★Aminestendtobesmelly.Aminesinthegaseousstateoftensmelllikeammonia,it’saverystrongsmell.Aminesintheliquidstatesmelllikefishorevendeadfish,inparticular,trimethylamine.※ammonium銨

[?'m??n??m]ammoniumdihydrogenphosphate,ADP磷酸二氫銨

diammoniumhydrogenphosphate磷酸氫二銨ammoniumacetate醋酸銨,乙酸銨

ammoniumchloride,ammoniachloride氯化銨※-amide酰胺['e?ma?d;'?ma?d]

formamide甲酰胺[f?'m?maid]N,Ndimethylformamide(DMF)

acetamide乙酰胺

[?'si?t?ma?d;?'set-]

cyclophosphamide環(huán)磷酰胺

[,sa?kl?'fɑsf?,ma?d]

pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺

[,pir?'zin?maid]※

acyl-酰基

acylhalide酰鹵

acylchloride酰氯※

-ide

…化物

hydrofluoride氫氟化物

hydrochloride氫氯化物

[,ha?dr?(?)'kl??ra?d]hydrobromide氫溴化物[,haidr?u'br?umaid]

hydroiodide氫碘化物※hal-鹵代,鹵(素),鹽halogen鹵素['h?l?d?(?)n;'he?l-]（-gen產(chǎn)生…物質(zhì)）

halogenelements鹵族元素

FluorineChlorineBromineIodine['fl??ri?n;'fl??-]['kl??ri?n]['br??mi?n]['a??di?n]halide鹵化物

FluorideChlorideBromideIodide

['fl??ra?d;fl??-]['a??da?d]alkylhalide

['he?la?d]鹵代烴,鹵代烷

※

fluor-氟fluorinefluoricacid氫氟酸※

brom-溴bromine;bromumbromoform溴仿,三溴甲烷tribromethane

bromobenzene溴苯※

chlor-氯chlorine;chlorumchlorethylene氯乙烯chloroform氯仿trichlormethanechlorate氯酸鹽

chlorite亞氯酸鹽

chloric(含)氯的

chlorous亞氯(酸)的

※

iod-碘;碘代iodine;iodumiodoform碘仿,三碘甲烷triiodomethane

bromochlorotrifluoroethane氟烷

※phen-,benz-苯benzene,benzolphenol苯酚

['fi?n?l]phenyl苯基

['fi?na?l;'fen?l]phenobarbital苯巴比妥

[,fi?n?(?)'bɑ?b?t(?)l;,fen?(?)'bɑ?b?t(?)l]phenylamine苯胺[,fen?l?'mi?n]benzyl苯甲基;芐基

['benza?l;-z?l]benzylpenicillin青霉素G;芐青霉素

benzaldehyde苯甲醛;安息香醛[ben'z?ld?ha?d]

benzoic苯甲酸的;安息香的[ben'z???k]benzoic

acid苯甲酸;安息香酸benzoate苯甲酸鹽或酯

['benz??e?t]※nitro-硝基

nitrate

硝酸鹽

['na?tre?t]

nitrobenzene硝基苯

[,na?tr??'benzi?n]nitroglycerin硝酸甘油

['na?tr?'gl?s?r?n]※oxid-,oxy-

氧oxidant氧化劑reductant還原劑oxidase氧化酶oxidoreductaseoxidize(使)氧化oxidatev.氧化n.氧化物oxidation-reduction氧化還原;氧化還原作用

oxygenase加氧酶;氧合酶

cyclooxygenase(COX)環(huán)氧合酶;環(huán)氧(化)酶methoxy甲氧基ethoxy乙氧基phenoxy苯氧基acetyloxy乙酰氧基

aspirin:(2-acetyloxy)benzoicacid乙酰水楊酸oxide氧化物oxygen氧氣,氧epoxy環(huán)氧的epoxide環(huán)氧化物※carbo-碳carbon碳carbon+monoxide,dioxide,tetrachloridecarbonic碳的carbonicacid碳酸

carbonate碳酸鹽

ferrouscarbonate碳酸亞鐵

carbohydrate碳水化合物;糖類carbohydraturia糖尿

※carbonyl-羰基;碳酰

formaldehyde,aldehyde,ketone

carbonylchloride碳酰氯;光氣

COCl2

※carboxy(l)-

羧基

carboxylase羧化酶

carboxyltransferase羧基轉(zhuǎn)移酶,轉(zhuǎn)羧酶

carboxylate羧酸鹽;羧化物carboxylic羧基的

carboxylicacid羧酸1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic

acid3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic

acid沒食子酸;五倍子酸

※de-脫,去,除,離deacylase脫酰(基)酶deaminase脫氨(基)酶deamidase脫酰胺(基)酶decarboxylase脫羧酶dehydratase脫水酶dehydrate(使)脫水dehydrationndesulfurase脫硫酶desulfurize使脫硫※deoxy-,desoxy-脫氧,去氧de(s)oxyribose脫氧核糖pentosedeoxyriboside脫氧核糖核苷deoxyribotide脫氧核糖核苷酸,脫氧核苷酸DNA:de(s)oxyribonucleic

acid

RNA:ribonucleicacid核糖核酸desoxymorphine脫氧嗎啡※dehydro-脫氫,去氫

dehydroandrosterone脫氫雄甾酮※thi-硫

thioether硫醚

thiol

巰基;硫醇R—SH

thiosulfate硫代硫酸鹽sodiumthiosulfate,Na2S2O3

※sulf-硫,磺基sulfur硫(磺)sulfurdioxidesulfuric(正)硫的sulfuricacid硫酸

sulfurous亞硫的sulfurous

acid亞硫酸

sulfate硫酸鹽bisulfate硫酸氫鹽

coppersulfatepentahydrate膽礬aluminumpotassiumsulfatedodecahydrate明礬ammonium,barium,sodium,potassium+sulfatesulfite亞硫酸鹽sodium,potassium+sulfite

bisulfite亞硫酸氫鹽

potassiumbisulfiteKHSO3

sulfide硫化物

hydrogensulfide

sulfone

砜;磺基dimethylsulfone,MSM

二甲基砜

CH3·SO2·CH3diethylsulfone二乙基砜(C2H5)2SO2

ethylphenylsulfone苯乙砜C6H5·SO2·C2H5tetramethylenesulfone,cyclobutylsulfone環(huán)丁砜

methylenechloride,dichloromethane亞甲基氯

sulfoxide亞砜dimethylsulfoxide,DMSO

二甲基亞砜(CH3)2SO

diethylsulfoxide,DESO

二乙基亞砜sulfonic

磺(基)的sulfonicacid磺酸R-SO3Hmethyl,methanesulfonicacid甲(基)磺酸

CH3SO3H

sulfonamide磺胺,磺酰胺

p-aminophenylsulfonamide對氨基苯磺酰胺※cyan-氰cyanic氰的;含氰的cyanicacid氰酸H-O-C≡N

HCNO

sulfocyanicacid=thiocyanicacid硫氰酸HSCN

cyanate氰酸鹽

thio,sulfocyanate硫氰酸鹽potassiumcyanate氰酸鉀KCNOpotassiumthiocyanate硫氰酸鉀

KSCNcyanide氰化物

acyl

cyanide

酰氰hydrogencyanide氫氰酸HCN

sodiumcyanide氰化鈉NaCN

potassiumcyanide氰化鉀KCNpotassiumferricyanide鐵氰化鉀K3[Fe(CN)6]

potassiumferrocyanide亞鐵氰化鉀

=potassiumhexacyanoferrate(II)trihydrate

三水合六氰合鐵(Ⅱ)酸鉀K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O

fluor-氟fluorinechlor-氯chlorinebrom-溴

bromine

iod-碘iodinecarb-碳carbonhydr-氫hydrogenoxy-氧oxygen

nitr-氮nitrogensulf-硫sulfurphosph-磷phosphorussilic-硅siliconbor-硼boronnatr-鈉

natrium;sodiumkal-鉀

kalium;potassiumcalc-鈣calciummagnes-鎂magnesium

arsen-砷arsenic砒霜mercur-汞mercury水銀chrom-鉻

chromiumarg-銀

argentumbar-鋇

bariumsider,ferr-鐵

ferrum;ironferro-鐵2+ferri-鐵3+calciumcarbonate碳酸鈣sodiumhydroxide氫氧化鈉argentumnitricum硝酸銀silvernitratearsenictrioxide三氧化二砷boricacid硼酸borate硼酸鹽bariumsulfate硫酸鋇magnesiumoxide氧化鎂silicane,silane

硅烷silica,silicondioxide

二氧化硅potassiumchromate鉻酸鉀mercurybichloride氯化汞ferricoxide氧化鐵monopotassiumphosphate磷酸二氫鉀※furan呋喃tetrahydrofuran四氫呋喃

thiophene

噻吩pyrrole,azole

吡咯,唑,氮二烯五環(huán)※imidazole

咪唑pyrazole吡唑

thiazole

噻唑isothiazole

異噻唑

oxazole

噁唑isoxazole異噁唑※pyran吡喃2H,4H-pyran

pyridine

吡啶

piperidine

哌啶※pyridazine噠嗪pyrimidine

嘧啶,間嗪

pyrazine吡嗪piperazine哌嗪※phenazine吩嗪phenothiazine吩噻嗪

quinoline喹啉isoquinoline異喹啉purine

嘌呤indole,benzpyrole

吲哚benzimidazole苯并咪唑

aminoacid氨基酸aminoaceticacid氨基乙酸;甘氨酸

formicacid甲酸

formate

aceticacid醋酸;乙酸acetate

glacialaceticacid冰醋酸;冰乙酸

propionicacid丙酸

propionate

maleicacid馬來酸;順丁烯二酸

maleate馬來酸鹽

ribonucleicacid,RNA

核醣核酸

hydrogencyanide氫氰酸

hydrocyanide

hydrofluoricacid氫氟酸hydrofluoride

hydrochloricacid氫氯酸hydrochloridehydrobromicacid氫溴酸hydrobromidehydroiodicacid氫碘酸hydroiodidelevofloxacinhydrochloride鹽酸左氧氟沙星

nitricacid硝酸nitratephosphoricacid磷酸

phosphorate

carbonicacid碳酸

carbonateboricacid硼酸boratesulfuricacid硫酸

sulfate

sulfurousacid亞硫酸

sulfitesulfonicacid磺酸

sulfonate

carboxylicacid羧酸carboxylatecya