胡壯麟《語言學教程》（第5版）章節題庫（1-4章）【圣才出品】第1章語言學導論Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof_____communication.【答案】verbal【解析】語言是一種口頭交流的手段。2.Theterm_____originatesfromMalinowski’sstudyofthefunctionsoflanguageperformedbyTrobriandIslanders.Itreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.【答案】phaticcommunion【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于確立和維持人際關系的表達，最先由Malinowski提出。3.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof_____.【答案】language【解析】語言學是對語言的科學研究。4.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_____features.【答案】design【解析】人類語言區別于其他動物交流系統的特點是語言的區別特征，是人類語言特有的特征。5.Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.Thisqualityislabeledas_____.【答案】displacement【解析】移位性是指人類語言可以讓使用者在交際時用語言符號代表時間和空間上不可及的物體、事件和觀點。6.By_____ismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.【答案】duality【解析】雙重性是指擁有兩層結構的這種屬性，底層結構是上層結構的組成成分，每層都有自身的組合規則。7.Hallidayproposesatheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage,thatis,languagehas_____,interpersonalandtextualfunctions.【答案】ideational【解析】韓理德將兒童的語言功能范圍逐漸縮小，簡化成為一套高度符號化和抽象化的功能：概念、人際、語篇功能。8.Ourlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.Thisisthe_____functionoflanguage.【答案】metalingual【解析】語言的元語言功能是指語言可以用來討論語言本身。9._____functionisrealizedbymoodandmodality.【答案】Interpersonal【解析】人際功能通過語氣情態實現。10.Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunctionis_____function.【答案】Interpersonal【解析】人際功能是語言最重要的社會功能，人們由此建立和維持他們的身份和社會地位。11.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_____overwriting.【答案】speech【解析】語言學研究是以口頭為基礎而不是書面。12.Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunctionis_____function.【答案】phatic【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于確立和維持人際關系的表達，例如俚語、玩笑、行話、禮節性的問候、社會方言或地域方言的轉用等。13.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe_____studyoflanguage.【答案】scientific【解析】語言學通常被定義為研究科學的語言，或對語言的科學研究.。14.Bydualityismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsofthe_____levelarecomposedofelementsofthe_____levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.【答案】primary,secondary【解析】雙重性是指擁有兩層結構的這種屬性，底層結構是上層結構的組成成分，每層都有自身的組合規則。15.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled_____.【答案】Morphology【解析】形態學研究詞語的內部結構組織。16._____mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.【答案】Phonetics【解析】語音學研究語音，以及語音的描寫和分類。17.Semanticsand_____investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.【答案】pragmatics【解析】語義學研究詞作為詞的意義，語用學是在語境中研究意義。18.Inlinguistics,_____referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentence.【答案】syntax【解析】句法學研究形成正確句子的規則。19._____canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.【答案】Pragmatics【解析】語用學是在語境中研究意義。20.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_____.【答案】syntax【解析】句法學研究語言中組合成句子的支配規則，或簡單地說，研究句子的構造。21.Psycholinguisticsisconcernedprimarilywithinvestigatingthepsychological_____oflinguisticstructures.【答案】reality【解析】心理語言學研究語言與意識之間的聯系，實質就是心理活動與語言結構之間的關系。22.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)as_____and_____.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.【答案】langue;parole【解析】語言指一個語言集團的所有成員共享的抽象語言系統，言語是指語言在實際使用中的實現。23._____grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguage,while_____grammarstellpeoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.Mostcontemporarylinguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursnaturallyinthelanguageshouldbedescribed.【答案】descriptive;prescriptive【