Unit1GreatScientist必修5-1.8Unit1Greatscientists1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?B.ArchimedesC.ThomasEdisonA.CharlesDarwin2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?A.MarieCurieC.CharlesDarwinB.GregorMendel3.Whoinventthefirststeamengine?A.ThomasNewcomenC.

Thomas

EdisonB.Archimedes4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren.A.ThomasEdisonC.ArchimedesB.GregorMendel5.Whodiscoveredradium?A.MarieCurieC.NewtonB.ZhangHeng6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?A.StephenHawkingC.ThomasEdisonB.Archimedes7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?A.GregorMendelC.MarieCurieB.LeonardodaVinci

8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?A.SirHumphryDavyC.FaradayB.ThomasNewcomen9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?A.CharlesDarwinC.Watt

B.ZhangHeng10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?A.StephenHawkingC.CopernicusB.ArchimedesSpeakingactivityDiscussingroupsoffour,whichfielddoyouwanttocontributeyourselftointhefuture?Onetakesdownthegroupmates’opinions,afterthat,reportthegroupmates’opinionstothewholeclass.Speaking(3m)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)一、單詞拼寫(xiě)根據(jù)讀音、詞性和詞義寫(xiě)出單詞。1.___________n.柄；把手v.處理2.___________vt.宣告；通知3._____________adv.立即；馬上4.___________vt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出5.___________vt.&vi.重復(fù)；重做6.___________n.治愈；痊愈vt.痊愈7.___________vt.暴露；揭露8.___________n.看法，見(jiàn)解；景色9.___________n.增加；加10.___________adv.&adj.向后地handleannounceimmediatelyconcluderepeatcureexposeviewadditionbackward11.__________adj.嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)密的12.__________vt.拒絕13.__________v.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n.過(guò)失；責(zé)備14.__________adj.完成的vt.完成，結(jié)束15.__________vt.&n.控制；支配16.__________n.病毒17.__________v.看護(hù)；照料；出席；參加18.__________n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；引擎19.__________vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝n.失敗20.__________vt.通知；指示；教導(dǎo)instructstrictrejectblamecompletecontrolvirusattendenginedefeat二、單詞運(yùn)用根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或者用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Wilson__________Jasonbyaboutameterandwontheraceatlast.2.Keepindoorsanddon’t__________yourskintothesun,oryou’llgetsunburned.3.TheotherdayHenrylost__________ofhimselfandhithiswife,butlaterhemadeanapologytoher.4.Afterthinkinglonghardaboutit,we’vec__________thattherightdecisionistomovetoChicago.5.Bya__________thepartsofthesentencewecanlearnmoreaboutEnglishgrammar.defeatedexposecontrolconcludeanalysing6.Thec_______________Ilikebestinherishermodestyandkindness.7.A__________inherpapers,shedidn’tnoticemycoming.8.Theresultofthisexaminationwillbe____________(宣布)tomorrow.9.Apart__________theconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.10.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsled__________thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.tocharacteristicAbsorbedannouncedfrom三、詞語(yǔ)派生用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thenewswasso____________(inspire)thatallofuswere___________(inspire).2.Wemustpreventthewaterfrom_________________(pollute).3.Weshouldstudyhardandbereadytomakegreater______________(contribute)toourcountryinthefuture.4.Hedidnotshowany________________(enthusiastic)forournewplans.5.TheMay4th______________(move)of1919isveryimportantinthehistoryofChina.inspiringinspiredbeingpollutedcontributionsenthusiasmMovement6.Therewasalarge______________(attend)atthemeeting.7.Thereusedtobeakindofwhatwascalled“l(fā)iteratureof_____________(expose)”inthe1980’sinChina.8.Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreat_____________(valuable)tomanyindustries.9.Heisverycautiousaboutcommittinghimselftoanythingwhilehisbrotherisvery____________(cautious).10.Hetookastepbackwardinordertotakethreesteps___________(backward).attendanceexposurevalueincautiousforward四、詞語(yǔ)互譯將下列詞組或短語(yǔ)譯成中文或英語(yǔ)。1._______________蒸汽機(jī)2.______________提出3._________________________得出結(jié)論4.______________也；另外5.______________將……和……連接起來(lái)6.______________除……之外；此外7.______________對(duì)……嚴(yán)格8.______________通向；導(dǎo)致9.______________有意義；說(shuō)得通steamengineputforwarddraw/makeaconclusioninadditionlink…to…apartfrom(be)strictwithleadtomakesense10.pointofview______________________11.curesb.ofadisease__________________12.attend(on)sb._______________________13.makeup_________________________14.theway_________________________15.cometoanend______________________16.takeup__________________________17.knowabout_______________________18.lookinto_________________________態(tài)度；觀點(diǎn)治愈某人疾病看護(hù)/照料某人和解；化妝/裝；虛構(gòu)（故事等）道路；方法；程度結(jié)束；完成開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)知道；了解調(diào)查；研究五、詞組運(yùn)用詞組填空根據(jù)句子提供的語(yǔ)境，從第四大題中選出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?.Severalimportantplans

________________atyesterday’smeeting.2._____________,thechildrenweretaughthowtoplaythepiano.3.Differencesofopinion

_______heateddiscussion.4.Thankyouverymuchfortheinformation,SirandI’llgetoneofourdetectivesto

__________thematter.wereputforwardInadditionledtolookinto翻譯填空根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，從上述短語(yǔ)中選出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~組完成句子。5.在經(jīng)過(guò)了長(zhǎng)期的繁榮之后，這個(gè)家族最終走向滅亡。Afteralongperiodofprosperity,thefamily_____________________.6.除了沉溺于電腦游戲，他似乎無(wú)事可做。______________hisbeingaddictedtothecomputergames,heseemstohavenothingtodo.7.這段不知所云的文章讀起來(lái)很費(fèi)勁。Theparagraphwhichdoesn’t

___________ishardtoread.cametoanendApartfrommakesense句子翻譯從上述短語(yǔ)中選出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)翻譯下列句子。8.你在國(guó)外時(shí)，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？_____________________________________________________________________________________________?9.他擅長(zhǎng)編故事。____________________________________________.10.五十歲時(shí)，他開(kāi)始從事一門(mén)新的職業(yè)，對(duì)于這個(gè)職業(yè)他一直夢(mèng)寐以求。_______________________________________________________________________________________________.Hebegantotakeupanewcareerattheageoffifty,whichhehadbeendreamingof.Whichkindpeoplewereattending(on)youwhenyouwereabroad?Heisgoodatmakingupstories.六、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。JohnSnowwas31__________well-knowndoctorinLondonin32__________19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertocontrol33

______.In1854whenacholerabrokeout,hebegantogatherinformation.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthe34__________(die)peoplehadlived35__________hefoundthatmanypeople36_____________haddrunkthedirtywaterfromthewaterpumpdied.Sohedecidedthatthe37___________(pollute)watercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupply38________________examinedandnewmethods39__________dealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”was40_____________(defeat).atheitdeadandwho/thatpolluted(should)beofdefeatedGrammar一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1、單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)。

eg：alostanimal

一只迷路的動(dòng)物

ausedstamp

一枚用過(guò)的郵票

aninjuredfinger一個(gè)受傷的手指abrokencoin一枚破損的硬幣

alightedcandle一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭

注意：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。

e.g.：spokenEnglish

英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)

writtenexercises書(shū)面練習(xí)少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只有完成的意義fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)theadvancedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

drunkenman一個(gè)醉鬼areturnedstudent一名留學(xué)生

aretiredteacher一名退休教師anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯

by-gonedays過(guò)去的歲月2、過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和／或完成意義。

e.g.：HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!我多懊悔在樹(shù)林浪費(fèi)的時(shí)光啊Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。e.g.：ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū)很受歡迎We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．

我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋。Practice:ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.（1）Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong__________________tohim.

whichhadbeendone注：本句中的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成。（2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry______________________.whichhasdeveloped注：本句中的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表示完成。（3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge______________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。e.g.：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．聽(tīng)了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了驚嚇。2、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。

e.g.：Thisshopisnowclosed．這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門(mén)了。(狀態(tài))Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．這家商店每天6點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)。(動(dòng)作）

Practice:

Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.丟了錢(qián)他自責(zé)不已。He______________aboutlosingthemoney.2、你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？Whydoyoualways_______________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3.我對(duì)昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.gotblamedlooksotiredwasdisappointedwith4.聽(tīng)說(shuō)那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。Everybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．5.要去動(dòng)物園了，孩子們非常興奮。Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的傷口感染了一種新病毒.Hiswound___________________anewvirus．wasshockedarereallyexcitedaboutbecameinfectedwithLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，3M與know之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考鏈接A解析：答案A。此處考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，disc與record之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考鏈接D解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾flowers。smell為系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，相當(dāng)于which/thatsmellssweet。LanguageDataBankLanguagepointsforReadingILanguagepointsforReadingII1.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondonsofamous,indeedthatheattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.約翰.斯諾曾經(jīng)是一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確太富盛名了,以至于維多利亞女王生孩子時(shí)都是他去照料,幫助她順利分娩.attendv.(1)totakecare;giveattention

注意,留意.如:We’llattendtothesolutionofthatproblemlater.LanguagepointsforreadingI(2)totakegoodcareof(asickperson,forexample)照看,照料.如:醫(yī)生照看病人.Thedoctorattendedthepatients.(3)tobepresentat

出席,到場(chǎng).如:attendschool

上學(xué)attendalecture

聽(tīng)講座attendchurch

去教堂attend(at)awedding

出席婚禮2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.exposedtocholera

在句子中是過(guò)去分詞用作后置定語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng).意為“患霍亂的”.如:ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverypopular.魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū)是很受歡迎的.昨天我們看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是史密斯先生.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.發(fā)散思維：exposedadj.

暴露的，暴露于風(fēng)雨中的，無(wú)掩蔽的exposednessn.

暴露，顯露開(kāi)放思維:

exposeto

使易受，使受

exposesthtothelightofday

把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿騙局3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime

在這里是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“每次，每當(dāng)”e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.每次見(jiàn)到他，我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。注意:

immediately,themoment,directly,instantly

等與

everytime一樣，都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一…..就”。如：IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.我一見(jiàn)到他就把這封信給他。IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.我一接到你的信就來(lái)了。4.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.absorb…..into

吸收如：e.g.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。absorbv.

(1)吸收（液體）；承受；承擔(dān).如:(2)tooccupythefullattention,interest,ortimeof;engross

吸引；使專(zhuān)心；使全神貫注如:我們不能承擔(dān)這些費(fèi)用。作家全神貫注的進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，忘了彈去雪茄煙的煙灰.Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.We’llnotabsorbthesecharges.他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害，在十天之內(nèi)就死去了五百多人。5.Hefoundthatintwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.severev.(1)unsparingorharsh,asintreatmentofothers;strict

嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的；嚴(yán)格的.如:Theseveretrainerhasgoneabroad.Youcanbreathefreelyagain.(2)causingsharpdiscomfortordistress;extremelyviolentorintense;veryserious.

劇痛的，劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的，難熬的如:asevereattackoftoothache.要求苛嚴(yán)的教官已經(jīng)出國(guó).你可以完全放心。牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作。這張地圖提供了一條說(shuō)明霍亂起因的很有價(jià)值的線(xiàn)索。6.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.valuable(1)adj.worthofalotofmoney值錢(qián)的，貴重的如：Thewatchisvaluable.

這表很值錢(qián)。avaluablediamond.

貴重的鉆石。(2)adj.havinggreatusefulnessorvalue如:valuableinformation(3)n.

(常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)sththatworthalotofmoney.

如:Cathykepthervaluablesinasafe.重大的消息凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險(xiǎn)箱里.7.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.看來(lái)霍亂的流行要?dú)w罪于飲水了。be+動(dòng)詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事情，相當(dāng)于must,should,oughtto

等。如：Nooneistoleave

thisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.沒(méi)有警察的允許誰(shuí)也不準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)這棟樓。Youarenottodrop

litterinthepark.公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。8.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.其次，約翰.斯諾調(diào)查了這兩條街的水源。lookinto

看…...里面；toinvestigate

檢查；了解。如：We’lllookintothismattertogether.我們將一起調(diào)查這個(gè)問(wèn)題。開(kāi)放思維：lookon觀看，面向，旁觀，看待lookout面朝，留神，照料lookover從上面看，察看，檢查lookaround環(huán)顧，觀光，察看lookthrough看穿，審核，瀏覽，溫習(xí)lookupanddown仔細(xì)打量，到處尋找lookafter尋求，照顧，關(guān)心9.Inaddition,hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartsofLondonthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.除此之外，他發(fā)現(xiàn)在倫敦的另一個(gè)地方有兩個(gè)死亡的病例與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)。inadditionadv.aswellas

另外如：Inaddition,thecoursealsoproducespracticalexperience.此外這門(mén)功課還提供了實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)。link…to...

把…與…連接；聯(lián)系如：Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttoth