考點揭密在復合句中修飾名詞、代詞，并由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句稱為定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞(詞組成句子)稱為先行詞，初中教材著重介紹了關系代詞that,which,who所引導的定語從句。第一頁第二頁，共67頁。中考考點設置1.定語從句為新教材著重要求掌握的內容，從2003年考題來看，全國均未作為重點考查項目，但定語從句的學習在閱讀理解內容中出現頻率較多。

2.著重掌握引導詞的選用，特別是一定的特定境況下只能用that,不能用which的情況：

第二頁第三頁，共67頁。LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy

.形容詞作定語介詞短語作定語在復合句中，修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句作定語叫做定語從句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定語第三頁第四頁，共67頁。

定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Theman

drivingtoofast

wasdrunk.

定語從句在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.第四頁第五頁，共67頁。關系代詞如何引導定語從句普通代詞與關系代詞的區別Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.關系代詞：（如上例who/which）

1.代替先行詞;2.它還在定語從句中擔任一定的成分;3.同時連接先行詞與它引導的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）第五頁第六頁，共67頁。

Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.

關系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關系非常密切，因為關系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數必須和先行詞一致。Thebuilding

which/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.

先行詞

關系詞定語從句which/that是關系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞thebuilding,同時擔任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接起來。第六頁第七頁，共67頁。

關系詞判斷步驟:

首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關系代詞可用

who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關系代詞可用which或that;

然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表第七頁第八頁，共67頁。指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語；賓語作賓語可省which物主語；賓語作賓語可省who人主語；賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose人；物定語不可省關系代詞的用法第八頁第九頁，共67頁。

最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致.

注:定語從句的時態不受主句的限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(敘述客觀事實用一般現在時)(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過去時間)第九頁第十頁，共67頁。第十頁第十一頁，共67頁。thetallthestrongthecleverboyTheboyisTom.Theboy

whoistallisTom.Theboy

whoisstrongisTomTheboy

whoiscleverisTom第十一頁第十二頁，共67頁。

TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.

TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主語)Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.

TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.第十二頁第十三頁，共67頁。關系代詞who,that作主語1.Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday.2.YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity.

Yourfriendwho/that

studiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday.第十三頁第十四頁，共67頁。關系代詞whom,that作賓語1.Heistheman.2.Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman.

Heistheman(whom/that)

youhavebeenwaitingfor.第十四頁第十五頁，共67頁。關系代詞which,that作主語1.Itsoundedlikeatrain.2.Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse.

Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/that

wasgoingundermyhouse.第十五頁第十六頁，共67頁。關系代詞which/that作賓語1.Theearthisabigball.2.Weliveontheearth.

Theearth(which/that)

weliveonisabigball.第十六頁第十七頁，共67頁。關系代詞

1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Theman(

who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.第十七頁第十八頁，共67頁。

Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.

(賓語)

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.

Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterday

willgiveusatalk.第十八頁第十九頁，共67頁。4.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?第十九頁第二十頁，共67頁。appletheredthe

greenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.第二十頁第二十一頁，共67頁。1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.注意:

固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關系代詞與介詞:

介詞放在關系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時,關系詞可以省略)第二十一頁第二十二頁，共67頁。關系代詞

3.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.第二十二頁第二十三頁，共67頁。關系代詞whose作定語

1.Doyouknowtheman?2.Theman’swatchismissing.

Doyouknowthemanwhose

watchismissing?第二十三頁第二十四頁，共67頁。它還可以同ofwhich互換

whose+n.=then.+ofwhich1.Pleasepassmethebook.2.Thebook’scoverisgreen.

Pleasepassmethebookthecover

ofwhichisgreen.

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen第二十四頁第二十五頁，共67頁。1.YesterdayImetMrLi_________toldmethewholematter.2.Thisistheman______daughterisinmyclass.3.Thebook___________theysentmeisverygood.練一練who/that(which/that)whose第二十五頁第二十六頁，共67頁。

————關系副詞

關系副詞是用來引導定語從句的，它和關系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。

where:在從句中作地點狀語,指代地點.

when:

在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.第二十六頁第二十七頁，共67頁。2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.

I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.第二十七頁第二十八頁，共67頁。

但要注意在以下6種情況下,指物時用that不用which,who第二十八頁第二十九頁，共67頁。1.先行詞是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone

等時①Thereismuch

that

shouldbeused.第二十九頁第三十頁，共67頁。2.先行詞被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none

等修飾時①Ihavereadallthebooks(that)

yougaveme.②Everydictionarythat

ourlibraryboughtisgood.第三十頁第三十一頁，共67頁。練一練1.Youmaytakeanythinguseful____youwant.

2.Thisistheverybook____I‘mlookingfor.

3.Thisistheonlything____wecando.

4.Weshoulddoall____isusefultothepeople.thatthatthatthat第三十一頁第三十二頁，共67頁。3.當先行詞前有形容詞的最高級修飾時①ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.第三十二頁第三十三頁，共67頁。4.先行詞前有序數詞修飾時,包括thelast.①Thefirstlessonthat

Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.②TheGreatWallisthelastplacethat

Mr.Smithisgoingtovisit

beforeheleavesBeijing.第三十三頁第三十四頁，共67頁。

5.在以which,who作主語的特殊疑問句中的定語從句中①Whoisthemanthat

isreadingabookthere?

②Whichisthemagazinethat

youborrowedfromthereadingroom?第三十四頁第三十五頁，共67頁。6.當先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的詞時①Wetalkedofthethingsandpersons

that

weremembered.第三十五頁第三十六頁，共67頁。注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用

who,不用that

先行詞是anyone,someone,those時，關系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?

第三十六頁第三十七頁，共67頁。Exercise1:用關系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/that(which/that)who/that(which/that)第三十七頁第三十八頁，共67頁。5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當先行詞同時指人和物時，關系代詞只能用that.第三十八頁第三十九頁，共67頁。Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat當先行詞是something,anything,nothing,

all

等詞時，關系代詞只能用that.第三十九頁第四十頁，共67頁。4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat當先行詞被序數詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關系代詞只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.當主句是who或which引導的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時，關系代詞只能用that.thatthat第四十頁第四十一頁，共67頁。1.Theperson_________youshouldwritetoisMrBall.2.Theteacherfrom________IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.3.Therunner____________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.4.Thegirl____________youarelookingforisintheclassroom.5.Themeeting_________weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.6.Thefactory__________Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.7.Theairport________is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8.Theperson________wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.(who/whom/that)whom(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)(that/which)that/whichwho/that第四十一頁第四十二頁，共67頁。3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

4.Haveyoufoundthewoman____pursewaslost?A.herB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose第四十二頁第四十三頁，共67頁。5.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____inChina.A.workB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking

6.All____canbedonehasbeendone.A.WhichB.thatC.whatD.who第四十三頁第四十四頁，共67頁。7.Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople___hehadvisited.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that8.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose第四十四頁第四十五頁，共67頁。Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwho/thatissmoking.Whereisthepicture(that/which)youboughtlastweek?第四十五頁第四十六頁，共67頁。由Who引導的定語從句，在句中做主語\賓語1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whomB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom第四十六頁第四十七頁，共67頁。4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引導的定語從句，在句中做賓語介詞提前時只能用whom第四十七頁第四十八頁，共67頁。7、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.thatisgrown8、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what9、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which10、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.that由Which引導的定語從句，在句中做主語\賓語介詞提前時只能用whichthat第四十八頁第四十九頁，共67頁。11.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.thatB.whichC.who12.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.that13.Jimwasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,___，ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.what由Which引導的非限定性定語從句（不能用that）第四十九頁第五十頁，共67頁。14.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose15.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本國的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose16.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引導的定語從句,在句中做定語第五十頁第五十一頁，共67頁。26.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which先行詞被既有人又有物時只能用that引導第五十一頁第五十二頁，共67頁。Thenecklace_____yougavemeformybirthdayisgood.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what典型例題解析CPollywasthethief_______stoleMum'snecklace.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.whatATheone_________hegavemeisblack.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whatB第五十二頁第五十三頁，共67頁。Thisisthemostinterestingstory

Ihaveheardof.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatTheone_________oneathousanddollarsturnedouttobefalse.A.whichcostB.whichspendC.thatcostD.thatspend典型例題解析CThisisthefirstarticle

hehaswritteninEnglish.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatBB第五十三頁第五十四頁，共67頁。Ⅰ.單項選擇1.Thereisnothing_________Icando.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what2.Doyouknowtheman_________iswearingglasses?A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where3.Theboy_________isplayingfootballismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where4.I'llneverforgettheday_________Ifirstmether.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when5.Ican'tfindthebook_________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)第五十四頁第五十五頁，共67頁。6.Thefilm________Isawyesterdaywasveryinteresting.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.that7.Thisisthepan_________Iheatthemilk.A.whichB.whereC.withwhichD.inwhich8.Isthereanything_________Icanhelpyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what9.All____isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.things10.Isthisthefactory_________youwishtovisit?A.thatB.whereC.whenD.what(D)(D)(A)(B)(A)第五十五頁第五十六頁，共67頁。11.I'mreadingabook_________iswrittenbyLuxun.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when12.Iliketheteacher_________gaveusatalklastweek.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where13.Thisisoneofthebeautifulmountains_________Ihaveseenbefore.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.that14.After20yearshewentbacktothecity_________heusedtolive.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that15.MrGreenisonlyoneofthoseforeigners_________areworkinginChina.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.whose(A)(A)(D)(A)(A)第五十六頁第五十七頁，共67頁。16.Mynecklaceisnottheonlything________ismissing.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where17.Ihatepeople________talkedmuchbutdo____

A.who，fewB.that，fewC.which，littleD.who，little18.I'llshootanyone_________moves.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who19.Idon'tknowthereason_____hewaslatethismorning.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.who20.Wearelookingforathief_____parrotsandnecklaces.A.wholikestealingB.wholikesstealingC.thatliketostealD.whichlikestosteal(B)(D)(D)(B)(C)第五十七頁第五十八頁，共67頁。

單項選擇。

1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark____builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen