虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中從句主句例句與現在事實相反的假設If+主語+助動詞的過去式（were,did,had）主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.與過去事實相反的假設If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.與將來事實相反的假設If+主語+動詞過去式If+主語+wereto+動詞原形If+主語+should+動詞原形(注意不能是would)主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.①錯綜時間條件句:當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據它表示的時間作出相應的調整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我還有上學的機會，我會更加努力學習。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你來得早點，你就能趕上公共汽車。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。③用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100萬元，你會做什么？Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。④含蓄條件句有時在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現if引導的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定語從句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(獨立主格結構)⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。習題1.Ifmylawyer＿＿＿herelastSaturday,he＿＿＿mefromgoing.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedhadbeen,wouldpreventwere,wouldpreventwere,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifit＿＿＿forthesnow,we＿＿＿themountainyesterday.werenot,couldhaveclimbedwerenot,couldclimbhadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedhadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(電)humanlife＿＿＿quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe＿＿＿,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿.常見的這類動詞有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建議,command命令,demand要求，request請求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer寧愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide決定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅持她馬上就做。在Itis/was+上述動詞的-ed形式+that從句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.醫生建議我戒煙。當上述動詞以其名詞形式出現，并且被用作主語，引導一個表語從句或者同位語從句時Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建議我們明早動身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff2.在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容詞+that從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要參加會議。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必須按時到達那兒。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.練習題1.Iinsistthatadoctor＿＿＿immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Themanagerofthehotelrequests(要求)thattheirguests(客人們)＿＿＿after11:00p.m..A.nottoplayloudmusicB.shouldn’tplayloudmusicC.don’tplayloudmusicD.couldn’tplayloudmusic3.Mike’suncleinsists＿＿＿inthishotel.A.stayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay4.Itwasessential(重要的)thattheapplicationforms(申請表)＿＿＿backbeforetheheadline(截止日期).A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent5.Itisnecessary＿＿＿thedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturn6.Itisproposed(建議)thatthematter(事情，事件)＿＿＿discussedatthenextmeeting.A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.be7.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradios＿＿＿after11o’clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay8.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion＿＿＿.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff9.Idon’tthinkitadvisable(明智的，可取的，適當的)thatTom＿＿＿tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned10.Itisessential(必要的，重要的)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrary＿＿＿backbeforethedeadline(截止日期).A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent11.Heinsistedthathisfather＿＿＿withthem.A.goB.willgoC.willbegoingD.went12.Theworkersdemanded()thattheirwages()＿＿＿by20percent.A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised13.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridge＿＿＿overtheriver.A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt虛擬語氣(3)——虛擬語氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語從句中對現在的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去時IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能夠年輕一點。對過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時(haddone)或“would/could+現在完成時”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我當時在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我當時沒參加那個聚會。對將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“would/could+動詞原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(對將來的虛擬)但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.(對現在的虛擬)我的個子要是能高一點就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(對過去的虛擬)要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在asif/asthough引導的從句中表示與現在事實相反或對現在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去時Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起來就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實相反，謂語用過去完成時Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我們講發生的事情，好像他當時在場一樣。有時也用陳述語氣，這時表示較大的真實性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去過美國。在wouldrather結構中wouldratherdosth.表示將來或現在的事件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆著。wouldratherhavedonesth.表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實際上沒有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她覺得真是不該去參加那個晚會。wouldrathersb.Did表示的是將來或現在的事件，“主語寧愿讓另外一個人做某事”Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就別來了，我希望你下周末過來。wouldrathersb.haddone表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實際上沒有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在Itis(about,high)time+(that)從句中從句中用過去時，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱們應該開始干活了。練習題1.IwishI＿＿＿youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Ifonlyhe＿＿＿quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn’tsuffer(忍受痛苦)somuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldn’tlie3.HowIwisheveryfamily＿＿＿alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyI＿＿＿youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed5.Hedidn’tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhe＿＿＿there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe6.IwishI＿＿＿longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept7.Jackwishesthathe＿＿＿businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.hadstudiedB.studyC.studiedD.hadbeenstudying8.It’salreadyfiveo’clocknow.Doyouthinkit’sabouttime＿＿＿?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome9.“Youareveryselfish（自私）.It‘shightimeyou＿＿＿thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Jimsaidtohisbossangrily.A.realizedB.haverealizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize10.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou＿＿＿onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone11.I’dratheryou＿＿＿makeanycomment(評論)ontheissue(問題)forthetimebeing(目前)A.don’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.shou