英語時態一般時態：時態名稱結構常連用的詞基本用法一般現在時1.be動詞用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.often;usually;every…;sometimes;always;never;seldom;once/twice/…aweek/month/year;onSundays/Mondays/….;1)表示現在存在的習慣，經常發生的動作或存在的狀態。Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Thechildrengotoschoolatseveneverymorning.2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。Thechildrendrawwell.Doesshelikesports?3)表示客觀事實或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.Twoplustwomakesfour.Knowledgeispower.4）在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作。Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgotoworkinTibet.IfYouseehim，willyoutellhimtoringme?We'llvisitthecottonmillifitisfinetomorrow.5）表示安排或計劃好的將來的動作(一般只限于某些表示移動的動詞，如go，come，arrive,leave，begin,start等)，這種安排很固定，不易改變。Thetrainstartsatteno'clockinthemorning.Thefilmbeginsinaminute.WhendoestheJapaneseYouthdelegationleaveforXi’an?2.行為動詞用v.或v.-s、-es.一般過去時1．be動詞用過去式was或were表示。yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;lastweek/month/year/….;…ago;amomentago;justnow;on/in+過去的時間;1)表示過去的動作或狀態WehadagoodswimlastSunday.Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.2)敘述過去連續發生的一件件事。Hegotupearlyinthemorning，fetchedwater，swepttheyardandthenwentouttowork.3)表示過去一段時間內經常或反復發生的動作。Whenmybrotherwasateenager，heplayedtabletennisalmosteveryday.Itusedtobedifficulttogetdrinkingwaterhere.其他用法：(1)在賓語從句中，由于時態呼應的關系，可用一般過去時表示現在：Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在這兒。(were實際上指現在)Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy．我沒想到你這么忙。(were實際上指現在)(2)表示客氣委婉的現在：Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.不知您今晚是否有空。Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.我想您也許想要些花。【注】能這樣有的動詞主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少數動詞。(3)用于某些特殊結構中:It’stimewestarted.我們該動身了。IwishIknewhisname.要是我知道他的名字就好了。I’dratheryoulivedclosertous.我希望你能住得離我們近點。【注】該用法主要用于it’s(high)time,Iwish,I’drather,ifonly,asif,asthough等少數結構后接從句的情形。(4)表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過去時表示現在：IfIhadthemoneynowI’dbuyacar.假若我現在有錢，我就買輛小汽車。(5)當主句中的謂語動詞是現在完成時，since引導的從句用一般過去時。IhavelivedinthehousesinceIcametothecity.GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceIvisitedthecity.2.行為動詞用V-ed。特別注意：1.Thisis(Itis)thefirst/secondtimethat…句型中，常用現在完成時。但在“Itwasthesecondtimethat…”中，也能用過去完成時。ThisisthesecondtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.ThatwasthethirdtimethatIhadvisitedtheplace.2.Itis(hasbeen)…since句型中，主句常用現在完成時，從句用一般現在時。Itis（hasbeen）threeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthestatefarm.3.在完成時中，一個瞬間性動詞不能和表示一段時間的狀語（for,since,howlong等）連用，此時必須將該瞬間動詞改為延續性動詞或狀態動詞。buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/getacoldhaveacoldcome/arrive/reach/gettobebecomebegobeputonwearjoinbeingotoschoolbeastudentdiebedeadbegin/startbeonleavebea

ayfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclose/shutbeclosedendbeovermarrybemarriedHehascomebackforthreeweeks.(×)Hehasbeenbackforthreeweeks.(√)Thewriterhasdiedfortwoyears.(×)Thewriterhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)Hehasleftfor6days.(×)Hehasbeenawayfor6days.(√)過去完成時had+p.p（過去分詞）過去的過去：by+過去的時間；表“過去某動作或時間以前”的時間狀語。1)過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前業已完成的動作。Bytheendoflastweekwehadlearnedtenlessons.Intheexhibitionhesawmanyoilpaintingsthathehadneverseenbefore.2)表示由過去某一時間開始，一直延續到過去另一時間的動作。Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.Hesaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometownsince1980.3)常用語nosooner…than…和hardly(scarcely)…when…句型的主句中，從句用一般過去時。（倒裝）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他一到家，就開始下雨了。Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.他剛上火車，火車就開了。4)在wouldrather,wouldprefer等后面的從句中，如果表示過去的動作或情況，用過去完成時。I’dratheryouhadbeenhereyesterday.要是你昨晚在這就好了。將來完成時will/shallhave+p.pby+將來時間bythetime+將來時間表示在將來某一時間以前已經完成的動作。Bytheendofthisweek，Ishallhavefinishedthebook.Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.過去將來完成時should/wouldhave+p.p表示在過去的將來的某一時間以前已經完成的動作。Hesaidhewouldhavepaidbackthemoneybytheendoftheweek.Wetoldhimthatweshouldhavereturnedtothecampbyfouro'clock.IhopedshewouldhavefinishedtheworkbeforeIgotback.完成進行時時態名稱結構主要用法現在完成進行時have/hasbeen+v-ing表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在。現在這個動作可能已經終止，也可能仍然在進行著。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.Hehasbeenworkingonthepaperallday.--HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.注意：有些不能用現在進行時態的動詞，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同樣也不能用現在完成進行時，而只能用現在完成時。Shehasbeenillforalongtime.Ihavenotseenyouforages.過去完成進行時hadbeen+V-ing表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始并延續到過去這個時間，這一動作可能還在進行，也可能已經停止。Thebabyhadbeencryingforfifteenminuteswhenhermothercamein.Theteacherhadbeenteachingforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired.Itseemedtoherthattheboyshadbeenshoutingforalongtime.專項練習________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.ThereareIt’sgoodtoseeyouagain,Agnes.—ThishasbeenourfirstchancetovisitsincefromIran.A.youreturnB.youreturnedC.youhavereturnedD.returningIfit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine4.ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel5.Sorry,Ican’topenthedoor,forIthekeytoit.A.lostB.loseC.hadlostD.havelost6.“What'sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I___ofmyfriendsbackhome.”A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustthought7.—DidyouexpectFranktocometotheparty?—No,butIhadhoped.A.himcomingB.himtocomeC.thathecomesD.thathewouldcome8.—Bobmustbeverywealthy.—Yes,hemoreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.hasbeenearnedB.hadearnedC.earnsD.hasearned9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked10.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome11.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studyingMrGordenaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Don’tforgetit!OK.I______.A.won'tB.don'tC.willD.doWhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.A.arehavingB.havealreadyhad C.havehadD.hadalreadyhadShe__________inthisschool________thepasttenyears.A.wasteaching,sinceB.hadbeenteaching,sinceC.wouldteach,forD.hasbeenteaching,forIfirstmetTom10yearsago.He______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworkingWhat______whenIphonedyou?I______mywork,andIwantedtogoout.A.haveyoudone;finished B.wereyoudoing;havefinishedC.didyoudo;hadjustfinished D.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinishedIusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI______coffee.A.preferB.preferredC.hadpreferredD.ampreferringJimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never______himtalksomuch.A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheardHe___articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe____aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswrittenB.hadbeenwriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswrittenWhenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcomeHowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsideredWho’sthemanoverthere?It’sJack.Oh?______inItaly.A.Ithinkhe’sB.I’vethoughthe’sbeenC.IthoughthewasD.I’dthoughthe’dbeenIthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe______it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned—Howlong________eachotherbeforethey________married?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;gotWewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves，butwe