主旨題〔2〕——2021高考英語閱讀題集訓.WarmupHowmanydifferences？.英語考試大綱要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關信息。考生應能：

〔1〕理解主旨和要義

〔2〕理解文中具體信息

〔3〕根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義

〔4〕作出判斷和推理

〔5〕理解文章的根本結構

〔6〕理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度2021高考全國新課標卷英語考試說明和考試大綱〔1〕理解主旨和要義

.英語考試大綱任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨要義。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨要義，從這一段或這個句子讀者會知道文章描述的是誰或什么〔即文章的主題〕，亦會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內容。有時，文章的主旨要義那么需從文章的字里行間進行推斷。【難度大一些】這類試題主要考査考生略讀文章、領會大意的能力，它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。

〔1〕理解主旨和要義.主旨大意型事實細節型

詞義猜測型命題類因此有關閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推理判斷型.考例分析〔遼寧卷〕Goinggreenseemstobefad(時尚)foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodorbad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetowofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle. OnApril22,2021,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask................60.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoingGreen B.ProtectingthePlanet.C.KeepingOpen-MindedD.CelebratingOurGreenYear.A.GoingGreen .主旨大意型

考查學生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題,標題或目的設題。.一、設題方式1)主題型主旨大意題的題干表現形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的類主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)標題類主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe….Howtosolvethiskindofquestions?StudentA:StudentB:StudentC:.二、如何做主旨大意題1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標題，標題中蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。2)找準文章的主題句是關鍵。“主題句定位法〞是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時，我們可以：讀首句抓大意讀尾句抓大意讀首尾段抓大意3.)無明顯主題句時高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。.Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.〔1〕主題句在段首一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子那么是論證性細節。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。.Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.〔2〕主題句也會出現在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到表達，它是此段內容的結論。.Sample3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.〞Shusaid…...“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.〞Shusaid.〔3〕首尾照應為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結尾時再次點出主題,這種首尾照應的寫作方式也較為多見.通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復,后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或開展的意味..Sample4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.〔4〕在短文中間當主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節或符合邏輯的引申在文中導出,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或開展..1)關注一些表征強轉折關系的連詞“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,〞等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。

2)

關注一些表征總結性，結論性的詞：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,

conclusion,

inaword〞等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。

3)

如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點看其后的賓語從句。

主題句在短文中間.

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones..

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

●Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels.

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.Apractice.2.Manypeoplewritetonewspapersandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.…Nameornoname?Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewantto.Weallhaveaname.Itisamatterofresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatement,aclaimoranaccusation.Weallwanttohonorourownname,anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithournamethatwehonorwhatwesay.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.honorandwritersB.identityandsignatureC.signature(簽名)andresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature.3.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區)oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter…

…ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle.4Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough〞.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking...5.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything〞mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Don’tjudgeothersbyappearance.So,itisfoolishtojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceTrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

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