1觸發器---flip-flop2射極耦合邏輯emittercoupledlogic3三態緩沖器thetri-statebuffer4．運算放大器operationalamplifier5．金屬氧化物半導體metaloxidesemiconductor6．ElectricallyerasableprogrammableROM電可擦除可編程只讀存儲器7.arithmeticlogicalunit算術邏輯部件8.integratedcircuit集成電路9.addresspointer地址指針10.staticrandomaccessmemory靜態隨機存取存儲器DefinethefollowingexpressionsinEnglish真空管thevacuumtubeisanelectrontubefromwhichallormostofthegashasbeenremovedpermittingelectronstomovewithnoorlowinteractionwithanyremaininggasmolecules.2掩膜masksareusedinthechipmakingprocess.WhenusedwiththeUVlight,maskscreatethevariouscircuitpatternsoneachlayerofthemicroprocessor.3動態隨機存取存取器DRAMconstructedasanarrayofmemorycell.Thestoragecellonlyrequiresonecapacitorandonetransistor.Thedatamustberefreshedregularlybecauseofleakage.4y=YequalsXsquared,plusahalfxcubed,plusthesquarerootofx,plusxtotheminustenthpower.5流水線技術Atechniquewherethemicroprocessorfetchesthenextinstructionbeforecompletingexecutionofthepreviousinstructioninordertoincreaseprocessingspeed.三．TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese1.Aflip-flopisbasicallyabi-statecircuitinwhicheithera0or1state……whenthesupplyvoltageisremoved.Therefore,itisvolatile觸發器是一種存儲0或1的雙態電路。。。2.Thesolutionwastofirstbuildanamplifierthathadmoregainthantheapplicationrequired…..ratherthantheactiveamplifier.這個解決方案是這樣的。。。這樣的話，電路增益而不是有源放大器3.Theadvantagesofthetransistoroverthevacuumtubewere….Moderncomputerindustryinmotion.和真空管相比。。。計算機工業的蓬勃發展。4.Notransmissionfacilitycantransmitsignalswithoutlosing…wouldbereducedinamplitudebutnotdistorted.Unfortunately…所有的傳輸設備在傳輸過程中都要損失一些能量。。。振幅在傳輸過程中都會有不同程度的減弱。。。。1.觸發器2.射極耦合邏輯3.三態緩沖器4．真空管5金屬氧化物半導體6．擴頻通信7.electricallyerasableprogrammableROM8.arithmeticlogicalunit9.integratedcircuit10.addresspointer11.dynamicrandomaccessmemory12.packetswitching13.GlobalsystemforMobilecommunications14.publicswitchedtelephonenetwork15codedivisionmultipleaccess二．DefinethefollowingexpressionsinEnglish1．半導體Anyofvarioussolidcrystallinesubstances….butlessthangoodconductors.2。靜態隨機存取存儲器SRAMisanarrayofaddressableflip-flop…Itisusedinmicrocontrollerboards.3。內容可尋址存儲器CAMconsistsofanarrayofflip-flop,….oftherowcorrespondingtotheoriginaldata.4。鐵電原理Ferroelectricispertainingtoaphenomenonexhibited…..magnitudegreaterthanacertainamountThematerialretainstheelectricpolarizationunlessitisdisturbed;5．=0Xsquared,plusshalfxcubed,plusthesquarerootofx,plusxtotheminustenthpowerequalszero.1.Aftertheinventionoftheintegratedcircuit,ittookverylittletimetorealize….powerconsumptionandspacerequirementsmanageable.集成電路發明后不久。。。集成大量晶體管的關鍵技術就是小型化。2.Anintegratoristhesimplestfiltermathematically,anditforms….whichmeansthatithasapoleatzerofrequency(Apoleexistsatanyfrequencyforwhichthetransferfunction’svaluebecomesinfinite)從數學公式上講，積分器是最簡單的濾波器。。。。這意味著它在零頻率點上存在一個極點（在任何使傳輸函數為無窮大值的頻率點上得存在一個極點）3.Inanareawherethenumberofusershasgrowntothepointthat….numbersofmobileuserscongregateforafewhours.Flip-flop:觸發器Emittercoupledlogical:射極耦合邏輯Thetri-statebuffer:三態緩沖器Operationalamplifier:運算放大器Metaloxidesemiconductor:金屬氧化物半導體Spreadspectrumcommunication:擴頻通信GSM：GlobalSystemforMobilecommunicationsPSTN:publicswitchedtelephonenetworkDRAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemoryPacketswitching:分組交換掩膜：Mask:maskareusedinthechipmakingprocess,whenusedwiththeUVlight,maskscreatethevariouscircuitpatternsoneachlayerofthemicroprocessor真空管：Thevacuumtubeisanelectrontubefromwhichallormostofthegashasbeenremoved,permittingelectronstomovewithnoorlowinteractionwithanyremaininggasmolecules.Pipelining；流水技術Atechniquewherethemicroprocessorfetchesthenextinstructionbeforecompletingexecutionofthepreviousinstruction,inordertoincreaseprocessingspeed.（流水線是一種在前一條指令全部執行完之前就開始取下一條指令，以提高處理速度的技術。）Aflip-flopisbasicallyabi-statecircuitinwhicheithera0or1statecanresides.Becauseofitssimplicity,theflip-flopisextremelyfast.Asabasicelement,theflip-flopisusedindigitalcircuitsandICs.Aflip-flopwillloseitsstatewhenthesupplyvoltageisremoved.Therefore,itisvolatile.Aregisterisasetofflip-flopsinparallel.Typicallyaregisteris8,16,32or64bitswide.Oftenaregisterisusedtoholddata,addresspointers,etc.Aregisterisvolatileandveryfastjustliketheflip-flop.寄存器是一組并行觸發器。寄存器的典型數據寬度為8位、16位、32位或者64位。寄存器常用于保存數據、地址指針等。和觸發器一樣，寄存器也是“易失”的，而且速度很快。SRAM:StaticRandomAccessMemory“AnSRAMisanarrayofaddressableflip-flops.Thearraycanbeconfiguredassuchthatthedatacomesoutinsinglebit,4-bit,8bit,andetc.format.SRAMissimple,fastandvolatilejustliketheflip-flop,itsbasicmemorycell.靜態隨機存取存儲器(SRAM)是一種可尋址的觸發器陣列。該陣列可配置成1位、4位、8位等數據格式。它和它的基本存儲單元觸發器一樣：結構簡單、存取速度快、具有易失的特點。”DRAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemoryConstructedasanarrayofmemorycell,thestoragecellonlyrequiresonecapacitorandonetransistorthedatamustberefreshedregularlybecauseoftheleakage.EEPROM：ElectricallyErasablePro