2021-2022學年湖南省長沙市雨花區雅禮中學高三（上）月考英

語試卷（三）

A

DearRetainers（保持器），

Ithoughtyouweresupposedtobekeepingmyteethstraightwiththebenefitofnobraces（牙箍）!YetI

wakeupeverymorningtoseethatmyoverbiteisslowlycomingbackandtherowsofteetharen'taligned

（使對齊）.NowIdon'tthinkyou'reevenhelpingmeanymore.DoyouhaveanyideawhatIwentthrough

togetyou?

FirstofalhIwastedtwopreciousyearsofmylifewaitingforyourarrival.Thosebracesweremurderon

myteeth.Youdidn'texperiencethepainIhadtogothrough!Almosteveryweek,Ireplacedmyold

wires.Bygettingbraces,Ihadthe"wonderful1'opportunitytochoosefromawidevarietyofsoups.Fortwo

years,104weeks,soupbecamemorethan90percentofmydiet.

Iwilladmitthatyoukeptmyteethinorderforafewmonths.However,recentlyIthinkyou'resnoozing

（打盹）onthejob.Afterbrushingmyteethandslippingyouon,Iseethatyoudon*tevenfitcorrectly

overmyteethanymore.Duringsomenights,youdon'tevenstayonthewholetime.Iwakeupsomedays

andfeelnothinginmymouth.ThenIhavetotakemoretimetothoroughlysearchmybedtoseewhere

you'vehiddenyourself.DoyourealizehowfrustratedIam?

Don'tevengetmestartedonhowyouaffectmylanguage.IfIweretosaythissentence"Canyoupassme

thebottleofwater?°itwouldcomeoutsoundinglike“Kenyoupethme-theballofwudu?"NowIdon't

evenattemptsayingwordslike“rewind"“reconnect""replay”oranythingelsethatstartswith"re".In

general,youstealmyabilitytotalkefficiently.TheridiculeIgetfrommyfriendsisalmostunbearable.

YouhadbettershapeuporI'llhavetoreplaceyouwithsomethingbetter.

Hana

1.WhatisHana'spurposeinwritingtheletter?

A.Toexpressherdissatisfaction.

B.Toseekhelpfromherdentist.

C.Todescribeherinterestingexperiences.

D.Toexplaintheprocessofstraighteningherteeth.

2.WhatmakesHanaannoyedatnight?

A.Herretainershurther.

B.Herretainersaffectherdiet.

C.Shehastobrushherretainers.

D.Shehastolookfbrherretainers.

3.WhydoHana'sfriendslaughather?

A.Becauseofheruglyface.

B.BecauseofherpoorEnglish.

C.Becauseofherlimitedunderstanding.

D.Becauseofherincorrectpronunciation.

B

ElianaYidreamedofpursuingpianoperformanceincollege,nevermindthatherfingerscouldbarely

reachthelengthofanoctave.UnabletofullyplaymanyworksbyRomantic-eracomposersincluding

BeethovenandBrahms,shetriedanyway—andinherdeterminationtospendhourspracticingaChopin

concerto,woundupinjuringherself.

TheeffortsofProfessorCarolLeonefromtheSouthernMethodistUniversity(SMU)arechangingall

that:twentyyearsago,theschoolbecamethefirstmajoruniversityintheU.S,tointroducesmaller

keyboardsintoitsmusicprogram,levelingtheplayingfieldforYiandotherpianomajors.

Yi,21,triedoneofthesmallerkeyboards,"Irememberbeingreallyexcited,becausemyhandscould

actuallyreachandplayalltherightnotes,"shesaid.

Fordecades,fewquestionedthesizeofthetraditionalpiano.Forthosewithsmallhandspans,it's

difficulttoproperlyplaymanyworksofBeethovenandBrahms.Thosewhoattempttoplaythemeither

getusedtoskippingnotesorriskinjurywithrepeatedplay.Leoneisfamiliarwithsuchchallenges.Bom

intoafamilyofmusicians,shefavoredclassicalmusicandpursuedpianodespitehersmallhandspanand

earnedadegreeasadoctorinmusicalarts.

Theideaofsmallerkeyboardsfirstmetresistancefromsometraditionalists.Leonealsosaidthatwhen

sheraisedtheissuewithoneVienneseprofessor,hetoldhertherewerealreadytoomanypianistsanyway.

Thoughsuchresistanceisfading,therearesomeverytraditionalpeoplewhothinkofpianoasa

competitivething.Leonesaid,"Thisisart,it'snotsport.It'saboutmakingasmuchbeautifulartaspossible,

andweshouldgiveeverybodytheopportunitytodothat."

4.WhydidElianaYifindithardtoplayaChopinconcertotowell?

A.Herfingersgotinjured.

B.Itwastime-consuming.

C.Herhandspansweresmall.

D.Thetraditionalpianowasoutoftune.

5.Whatisparagraph4intendedtodo?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadvicefbrpianists.

C.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

6.WhatistheVienneseprofessorsattitudetowardssmallerkeyboards?

A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Disapproving.D.Positive.

7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AHard-workingSMUProfessor.

B.TheStoryBehindSmallerKeyboardPianos.

C.TraditionalPiano：ACompetitiveThing.

D.Yi'sRoadtoaBrilliantArtist.

c

KayabukinoSato,asmallvillageinKyotofamousforitstraditionalthatched（茅草的）roofhouses,

featuresahiddensprinkler（灑水器）systemthatturnsthewholeplaceintoawaterfountain.

KnownasMiyama'sThatchedVillage,KayabukinoSatohasahigherpercentageofthatchedroof

farmhousesthananyotherplaceinJapan.Thismakesitverypopularwithtourists,wholovewalking

amongtheover40traditionalthatchedroofhousesandevenspendingthenightinoneofthem,butitis

alsoeasyforthehousestocatchfire.Localofficialsrealizedthisintheyear2000,whenafireburneddown

thearchive（檔案）centre,soapartfromaskingpeopletobealertatalltime,theydecidedtoinstalla

specialsprinklersystemtocoverthewholevillage.Theytestittwiceayear,usuallyinMayandDecember,

andpeoplefromalloverJapanandbeyondcometoseethepowerfulsprinklersinaction.

YoumightthinkthatdozensofautomatedsprinklersdottingatraditionalJapanesevillagewouldbean,

andyouwouldberight.ThatiswhylocalauthoritiesdecidedtomaintainthepicturesquelookofKayabuki

noSatobyhidingthe62metalsprinklersinsmallwoodenhousessimilartotheauthenticones.Whenthe

systemisactivated,theroofsofthesehousesopenupliketinytransformers,clearingthewayfor

sprinklersinsidetoshootjetsofwaterhighintothesky.

ThetestingofthesprinklersystemissuchanimpressiveeventthatithasbecomeknownastheKayabuki

noSatowaterhosefestival.Strongjetsofwaterareshotintotheairbyall62strategically-placedsprinklers,

atthesametime,tocoverallthethatchedroofhouses.Andifthatisn'tanimpressiveenoughsight,on

sunnydays,thesprinklersalsocreaterainbowsoverthevillage.

Soifyou'reeverinKyotoduringthemonthsofMayandDecemberandwanttoseesomethingtruly

unique,headovertoKayabukinoSato,intheMiyamaruralarea,forthewaterhosefestival.Youwon't

regretit!

8.WhatdoweknowaboutKayabukinoSatofromthepassage?

A.Itisfamousforitswaterfountain.

B.Itsarchivecenterwasoncedestroyedbyfloods.

C.Visitorsgotheremainlytoseeitssprinklersystem.

D.IthasthehighestpercentageofthatchedrooffarmhousesinJapan.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eyesore”inthethirdparagraphreferto?

A.Anunpleasantsight.B.Acreativeidea.

C.Anattractivespot.D.Adangeroussituation.

10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Thesprinklersaretestedonceeveryyear.

B.Thesprinklersystemwasinstalledtocreaterainbows.

C.Thesprinklersarekeptinsmallwoodenhousesresemblingrealones.

D.Theroofsofthefarmhousesopenwhenthesprinklersystemisstarted.

11.Whatisthelastparagraphbutonemainlyabout?

A.Howthesprinklersystemworks.

B.WhattheKayabukinoSatowaterhosefestivalislike.

C.TheoriginoftheKayabukinoSatowaterhosefestival.

D.TheinfluenceoftheKayabukinoSatowaterhosefestival.

D

Long-windedspeechcouldbeanearlysignofAlzheimer's（老年癡呆癥）disease,accordingtoresearch

thatsuggestsslightchangesinspeechstyleoccuryearsbeforethemoreseriousmentaldeclinetakeshold.

SpeakingattheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinBoston,JanetCohenSherman,

clinicaldirectorofthePsychologyAssessmentCenteratMassachusettsGeneralHospital,listednew

findingsthatrevealeddistinctivelanguageproblemsinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment（MCD）

（認知障礙）."Manyofthestudiessofarhavelookedatchangesinmemory,butwealsoknowchanges

occurinlanguage,ushesaid.ShermancitesstudiesofthevocabularyinIrisMurdoch'slaterworks,which

showedsignsofAlzheimer'syearsbeforeherdiagnosis.Anotherstudy,basedonWhiteHousepress

conferencetranscripts,foundstrikingchangesinRonaldReagan'sspeechoverthecourseofhis

presidency,whileGeorgeHWBush,whowasasimilaragewhenpresident,showednosuchdecline.

“RonaldReaganstartedtohaveadeclineinthenumberofuniquewordswithrepetitionsofstatements

overtime,“saidSherman.MHestartedusingmorefillers,moreemptyphrases,like'thing*,or

isomething*,orthingslike^asically*or'actually*or'well'J

Shermanandhercolleagueshadinitiallysetouttotestthe"regressionhypothesis（退化假設）",theidea

thatlanguageislostinareversedirectiontohowitwasacquiredduringchildhood,withlonganddifficult

vocabularybeingthefirstthingtogo.Thehypothesisturnedouttobewrong,buttheteamdidfindthat

Alzheimer'sisaccompaniedbycharacteristiclanguageproblems.Inastudy,thescientistscomparedthe

languageabilitiesof22healthyyoungindividuals,24healthyolderindividualsand22peoplewithMCI.

Whengivenanexerciseinwhichtheyhadtojoinupthreewords,forinstance“pen""ink"and"paper",

thehealthyvolunteerstypicallyjoinedthethreeinasimplesentence,whiletheMCIgroupgavemore

complexaccountsofgoingtotheshopandbuyingapen.HThesentencestheyproducedweremuchlonger,

theyhadahardtimestayingonpointandIguessyoucouldsaytheyweremuchmoreroundaboutin

gettingtheirpointacross,"saidSherman,"Itwasaverysignificantdifference.1'

TheprospectofaneffectivetreatmentforAlzheimer'shashadknockbacks（打擊）thepastyearasdrugs

haveeachbeenshowntomakenodifferencetotherateofcognitivedeclineintrials.Between2002and

2012,99.6%ofdrugsstudiesaimedatpreventing,curingorimprovingAlzheimefssymptomswere

discontinued.

Somebelievethatthesefailuresmaybe,inpart,becausebythetimeAlzheimefsisdiagnosed,thedisease

hasalreadycausedirreparabledamagetothebrain,makingittoolatefortreatmenttohelp.MSoweare

tryingtopushthedetectionperiodbacktotheveryslight,earlychangesinAlzheimer'sdisease,"said

Sherman.

12.WhatdidJanetCohenShermanandherteamfindintheirresearch?

A.Mildcognitiveimpairmentiscausedbyfailinglanguageabilitiesinmostcases.

B.MemorydeclineisamajorsignofAlzheimer'sandshouldbepaidattentionto.

C.PeoplewithAlzheimer'smayshowachangeinspeechstyleatanearlystage.

D.PeoplecanavoidMCIbymakinglong-windedspeechshortandmeaningful.

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutRonaldReagan?

A.HemademorepowerfulspeechesthanGeorgeHWBush.

B.Hereliedonemptyphrasestoavoidanypotentialconflict.

C.Heusedmoreinaccuratewordsinspeechovertimewhenpresident.

D.Hehadadeclineinthenumberofrepetitionsofstatementsinhislaterlife.

14.WhatcanbeconcludedfromtheMCIgroup'sperformanceintheword-joiningexercise?

A.Theyhaddifficultyinmakingcleartheirmeaningbriefly.

B.Theyfailedtotellthedifferencebetweendifferentaccounts.

C.Theywouldliketoasktheiraudiencetoguesswhattheymeant.

D.Theytendedtothinkalotbeforecomingupwithasuitablesentence.

15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Mostpreviousdrugsarenolongeronthemarketbecauseoftheirsideeffects.

B.ThefindingsofSherman'sresearchmayleadtoeffectivetreatmentofAlzheimer's.

C.The"regressionhypothesis11provedtobepartiallytrue,especiallywithMCIpeople.

D.Mentaldeclinedoesn'talwayshappenbeforepeoplearediagnosedwithAlzheimer's.

Jonesfellinlovewithflyingaftergoingoutinhisuncle'ssmallairplane.Headoreditsomuchthathe'd

plannedtobecomeapilotwhenhegrewup.Buthishopesweredashedwhenhewasdiagnosedwith

epilepsy(癲癇)atage12.(1)Yearslater,afterskydivingwithaninstructorinEurope,hewentcrazy

aboutthesport.Free-fallingthroughtheskywasexciting,almostlikeflying.Hewashookedonit.(2)But

Joneshadn'thadaseizure(發作)inmorethansixyears，sohisdoctorgavehimaletterstatingthathe

wasfittosignupforlessons.

(3)Otherstaffersagreed.Sotoday,atlast,he'sabouttostepoutofanairplanebyhimself.Alltold,the

jumpshouldtakeabouttwominutes,fromleavingtheshelteroftheairplanetolandingontheground

some12,000feet，ortwomiles,below.Thisishowitgoes：AsJonespreparestojump,hemissteps

andnearlyslipsoutoftheairplane.Thafsabitmessy,thinksinstructorMcFarlane,thoughthiskindof

mistakeisnotunusualforfirsttimers.(4)HeshoutstoMcFarlane,nUp!Down!Hardarch!"whichmeans

"Ready,set,go!"andjumpsoutoftheairplane.JumpingjustsecondsbehindJones,McFarlanereaches

himandisrelievedtoseethathehasrecoveredfromhisclumsyexitandisfree-fallingintheperfectnbox

man"position：bellytotheground,hisbodyarchesupwardwitharmsandlegsspreadforstabilityand

control.(5)Heflashesathumbs-up.

A.Sofar,sogood,thinksMcFarlane.

B."Astarpupil,"oneoftheinstructorscalledJones.

C.Asarule,epilepticsaren'tallowedtoskydivealone.

D.Jonescontinuestofall,spinninghelplesslyonhisback.

E.Still,McFarlanedecidestodiveagaintotrytoreachJones.

F.Jonesimmediatelycatcheshisbalanceandarcheshisbackintothejumpposition.

G.Doctorstoldhimthathisconditionwouldpreventhimfromeverobtainingapilot'slicense.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

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17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

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18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

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19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

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20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

MymotherandIaremakingspringrollsinherkitchen.Thisismyfavorite(21)fromhernativeVietnam,

andwe'vebeenmakingthemtogethersinceIwasachild.Assheworks,shesingsasonginVietnamese.As

usual,Idon't(22)aword.ThesongremindsmeofanotheronesheusedtosingwhenIwasachild.Ibegged

hertosingitoverandover,but1(23)askedherwhatthewordsmeant.

Mymotherwas(24)tobecomeanAmerican.Exceptformakingspringrolls,sheactedlikeatypical

AmericanandinsistedthatweshouldspeakonlyEnglishathome.Ididn'trealizethenthatshewas(25)me

havinganopportunitytolearnVietnamese,andthustobe(26)tomyroots.Asachild,Ididn'tcareto(27)

mymotherbetter.Shetookcareofme,andthatwas(28).Asanadult,Ican*tknowherwellenough.(29)

herstillheavilyaccentedEnglish,mymotheroftenseemstosummarizeher(30),editingoutthingsthat

aretoodifficulttosay.WhenIaskwhyshedidn'tspeakVietnamesetomewhenIwasyoung,shesays,

,M,Why(31)?You'reAmerican!"

Yes,butIamalsohalf-Vietnamese.Withoutthe(32),Iamstronglyawarethat1amonlyhalf-neverany

more.Lately,I'vebeenaskingmymothertotranslatephrasesintoVietnamesesoIcan(33)them.

Backinherkitchen,ourfirstbatch(爐)ofspringrollsis(34).''Countthem,"mymothercommands,

“soIknowhowmanymoretomake."Ishakemyheadandask,"CanyoudoitinVietnamese?”She

smilesand(35)>“Mt,hai,ba,bon...nWiththat,wearebackwherewebegan.

21.A.songB.pictureC.treatD.gift

22.A.writeB.understandC.missD.believe

23.A.alwaysB.alreadyC.everD.never

24.A.determinedB.embarrassedC.scaredD.confused

25.A.preventingB.protectingC.imaginingD.minding

26.A.sentB.comparedC.connectedD.added

27.A.helpB.describeC.thankD.know

28.A.allB.hardC.trueD.cool.

29.A.TryingoutB.ReferringtoC.RelyingonD.Laughingat

30.A.strengthsB.thoughtsC.courseD.life

31.A.continueB.botherC.fightD.hesitate

32.A.goalB.approvalC.languageD.knowledge

33.A.acceptB.discussC.guessD.learn

34.A.soldB.doneC.eatenD.damaged

35.A.leavesB.turnsC.stopsD.agrees

36.Lonelyandsinglemiddle-agedmenareatanincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerthanthoseina

relationshipwithpeoplearoundthem,accordingtoanewstudy.

AteamfromtheUniversityofEasternFinlandworkedwith2,570middle-agedmen,monitoring

their(1)(healthy)andmortality(死亡率)from_[211980stothepresentday.Overthecourse

ofthestudy25%ofparticipantshaddevelopedcancer,with11%oftheFinnishmeninvolved(3)

(die)fromthecondition.

Therewasaclearlink1betweenlonelinessandanincreasedriskofcancer,theteamexplained,

withbeinglonelyincreasingtheriskofcancer(4)abouttenpercent.(5)(global),canceristhe

secondleadingcauseofdeath.Lonelinesshasbeensuggestedasariskfactorforcancer

mortality.However,connectionsbetweenloneliness,socialisolationandcancer(6)(understand)

poorly.

Recent(7)(study)havesuggestedthatlonelinesscouldbeassignificantahealthriskassmoking

orbeingoverweight,accordingtotheresearchers.Theirfindingssupporttheidea(8)attentionshould

bepaidtothisissue.Inaddition，cancermortalitywasmuch(9)(high)incancerpatientswhowere

unmarried,widowedordivorced.

Awarenessofthehealtheffectsoflonelinessisconstantlyincreasing.Therefore,itisimportantto

examine,inmoredetail,themechanisms(機制)by(10)lonelinesscausesharmfulhealtheffects.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

37.Kariecheckedthewordsonherspellingtestagain.Ifshegotfullmarkstoday,she'dwinherclass'

First-QuarterSpellingChallengeandabrand-newdictionary.Plus,Ms.McCormackhadpromisedto

doahandstandifanyonegotaperfectscore.

Threemorewordstogo.N-i-c-e-l-y.Q-u-i-c-k-l-y.H-O-n-e-s-t-y.Wait!Shouldspelledhonestly,not

honesty.Shehurriedlyerasedthet-yandwrote1-ybeforehandinginherpaper.

Ms.McCormackgradedthetestpapersatthebreak.Meanwhile,Kariesatrestlesslyinherseatwith

herfingerscrossed.Then,Ms.McCormackwalkedtothefrontoftheroomandclearedherthroat.As

ifshewereanOlympicgymnast,Ms.McCormack*sfeetflipped(空翻)intotheair.

"Congratulations!Karie!Youdidit!"sheannouncedwhileupsidedown.

Thewholeclassburstintoapplause!Ms.McCormackrightedherselfandpresentedKariewithher

prize.Kariegrinnedasshereadthelabelonthebox：ToKarieCarter,forherperfectfirst-quarter

scoreinspelling.

"EverythingOK?”MomaskedasKarieburstthroughthefrontdoorafterschool.Kariedidn't

answer.Asifbymagic,shetookoutherspellingtestpaperandprizeandshowedthemtoher

mother.Momhuggedher,askinghertoputthetestpaperonthefridgesothatDadcouldseeitwhen

hegothome.

Karietookanotherlookatthetestpaperbeforeputtingitonthefridge.Herhandsstoppedin

midair.Shejustcouldn'tbelieveherowneyes.Honesly?YES!H-O-N-E-S-L-Y

Momsensedsomethingunusualandaskedwhy.Kariestuffedthetestpaperintobackpackand

explainedthatshewasjusttooexcited.Mombroughthersometea.Yes,a"t"isexactlywhatshe

needed.

Afterdrinkingalittle,Karieplodded(重步走)downthehalLlostinthought.Howcouldshetell

theclassshehadn'tearnedtheprizeafterall?ThatMs.McCormackdidthehandstandfornothing?

注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

LaterDadcameinwithexcitement.

Thenextmorning,Kariewenttoschoolearlierthanusual.

(1)

(2)

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A^D、D

【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是開篇的兩句Ithoughtyouweresupposedtobekeeping

myteethstraightwiththebenefitofnobraces（牙箍）!YetIwakeupeverymorningtoseethatmy

overbiteisslowlycomingbackandtherowsofteetharen'taligned.（我還以為你不用牙套就能讓我的

牙齒保持直的呢!然而，每天早上醒來，我都會發現我的過度咬合恢復緩慢，牙齒排列不齊）可推

知，作者寫這封信的目的就是表達對她的牙齒保持器的不滿。因此，Hana寫這封信的目的是A項

"Toexpressherdissatisfaction.（表達她的不滿）"符合題意。故選A項。

（2）D.細節理解題。根據第三段倒數第二句ThenIhavetotakemoretimetothoroughlysearchmybed

toseewhereyou'vehiddenyourself.DoyourealizehowfrustratedIam?（然后我得花更多的時間徹

底搜查我的床，看看你把自己藏在哪里了。你知道我有多沮喪嗎？）可知，她晚上醒來在床上到

處尋找保持器，這讓她很生氣。因此，讓Hana在晚上生氣的是D項"Shehastolookforherretainers.

（她不得不找保持器）”符合題意。故選D項。

（3）D.細節理解題。結合上文以及倒數第二段的最后兩句Ingeneral,youstealmyabilitytotalk

efficiently.TheridiculeIgetfrommyfriendsisalmostunbearable.（總的來說，你偷走/我說話的效

率。朋友們對我的嘲笑兒乎讓我無法忍受。）可知，作者被朋友嘲笑是因為自己的發音不標準。

因此，Hana的朋友嘲笑她的原因是D項"Becauseofherincorrectpronunciation.（因為她的發音不

準確）”符合題意。故選D項。

這是一篇應用文。本文作者以書信的形式表達了對自己的牙齒保持器的不滿。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語

句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據。

4~7.【答案】C、D、C、B

【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了給鋼琴專業的學生提供了公平的競

爭環境，一位教授引入了更小的鋼琴琴鍵，文章介紹了不同的人對此的不同看法和態度。

1.根據第一段ElianaYidreamedof'pursuingpiano--woundupinjuringherself.（ElianaYi夢想著”在

大學里追求鋼琴演奏，盡管她的手指還不到一個八度。”她無法完全演奏浪漫時期作曲家的許多

作品，包括貝多芬和勃拉姆斯，但她還是嘗試了一一她決心花幾個小時練習肖邦的協奏曲，結果

傷了自己）可知，ElianaYi覺得很難把肖邦協奏曲演奏好是因為她的手跨度小。故選C。

2.

根據第四段Fordecades,fewquestionedthesizeofthetraditionalpiano.'"despitehersmallhandspan

andearnedadegreeasadoctorinmusicalarts.（幾十年來，很少有人質疑傳統鋼琴的尺寸。對于那

些手跨度小的人來說，很難正確地演奏貝多芬和勃拉姆斯的許多作品。那些嘗試彈奏的人要么習

慣了跳過音符，要么冒著受傷的風險反復玩。Leone對這些挑戰很熟悉。她出生在一個音樂家的

家庭，雖然她的手很小，但她喜歡古典音樂，并追求鋼琴，獲得了音樂藝術博士學位）可推知，

第4段的目的是添加一些背景信息。故選D。

3.

根據倒數第二段中LeonealsosaidthatwhensheraisedtheissuewithoneVienneseprofessor,hetold

hertherewerealreadytoomanypianistsanyway.（Leone還說，當她向一位維也納教授提出這個問題

時，他告訴她，反正鋼琴家已經太多了）以及最后一段中Thoughsuchresistanceisfading,thereare

someverytraditionalpeoplewhothinkofpianoasacompetitivething.（盡管這種抵制正在消退，但仍

有一些非常傳統的人認為鋼琴是一種競爭性的東西）可推知，這位維也納教授不支持小琴鍵。故

選C。

4.

根據第二段（南衛理公會大學（簡稱SMU）的CarolLeone教授的努力正在改變這一切：20年前，

這所大學成為美國第一所將更小的琴鍵引入其音樂課程的主要大學，為Yi和其他鋼琴專業的學生

提供了公平的競爭環境）結合鋼琴專業的學生提供了公平的競爭環境可知，B選項“小琴鍵鋼琴

的故事”最符合文章標題。故選B。

8~11.【答案】D、A、C、B

【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。由第二段的第一句KnownasMiyama'sThatchedVillage,Kayabukino

SatohasahigherpercentageofthatchedrooffarmhousesthananyotherplaceinJapan.（被稱為“三山

茅草村”的佐藤谷武紀是日本茅草屋頂農舍比例最高的地區。）可知它擁有全日本最高比例的茅草

屋頂農舍。故選D。

（2）A.詞義猜測題。根據第三段

Youmightthink,thatdozensofautomatedsprinklersdottingatraditionalJapanesevillagewouldbean_

__,andyouwouldberight.Thatiswhylocalauthoritiesdecidedtomaintainthepicturesquelookof

KayabukinoSatobyhidingthe62metalsprinklersinsmallwoodenhousessimilartotheauthenticones.

（你可能會認為，在日本傳統村莊里點綴著數十個自動灑水器會讓人眼花繚亂，你是對的。這就

是為什么當地政府決定把62個金屬灑水器藏在與真房子相似的小木屋里，以保持佐藤Kayabukino

Sato風景如畫的樣子。）解釋了為什么要把這些自動化的噴水器隱藏在一些仿真的小木屋里，就

是為了不破壞風景如畫的茅草屋面貌，所以可以推測出"aneyesore"是與后文的"picturesquelook"

相悖的含義的詞。eyesore意為"丑陋的地方，礙眼的東西"。A.Anunpleasantsight不愉快的景象；

B.Acreativeidea一個創意；C.Anattractivespot一個吸引人的地方；D.Adangeroussituation危險的

情況。故選A。

（3）C.推理判斷題。由第三段的Thatiswhylocalauthoritiesdecidedtomaintainthepicturesquelook

ofKayabukinoSatobyhidingthe62metalsprinklersinsmallwoodenhousessimilartotheauthentic

ones.（這就是為什么當地政府決定把62個金屬灑水器藏在與真房子相似的小木屋里，以保持佐藤

KayabukinoSato風景如畫的樣子）可知C項為正確答案。A項答案錯在once,應改為twice（由

第二段中的"Theytestittwiceayear,usuallyinMayandDecember"可知）；噴水器的安裝目的是為

了滅火，而非創造彩虹，所以B選項錯了；當噴水系統被激活時，是那些仿真的小木屋的屋頂會

像變形金剛一樣打開，而非茅草屋的屋頂，所以D選項是錯的。故選C。

（4）B.段落大意題。thelastparagraphbutone是指倒數第二段。倒數第二段主要是介紹了檢測噴

水系統已經成為了KayabukinoSato的一件盛事，并被定為waterhosefestival這個節日。此段的主

題主要是在介紹waterhosefestival是什么樣子的，而非在其起源和影響上，故C,D選項不對。

故選B。

本文是說明文，介紹了位于日本京都的一個茅草屋村莊KayabukinoSato（美山町的小鄉村），因

其傳統的茅草屋頂房子而出名，當地政府為了防火，安裝了自動噴水滅火系統，除了參觀風景如

畫的傳統茅草屋外，另外深受游客歡迎的還有他們的消防演習，即waterhosefestival,進行放水

訓練，每次演習都吸引不少人游客來參觀。

做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。

12~15.【答案】C、C、A、B

【解析】（1）C.細節理解題。根據第二段SpeakingattheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancement

ofScienceinBoston>JanetCohenSherman,clinicaldirectorofthePsychologyAssessmentCenterat

MassachusettsGeneralHospital,listednewfindingsthatrevealeddistinctivelanguageproblemsinpeople

withmildcognitiveimpairment（MCI）.（在波士頓舉行的美國科學促進會上，馬薩諸塞州總醫院

心理評估中心的臨床主任珍妮特?科恩?謝爾曼列舉了一些新發現，揭示了輕度認知障礙患者的獨

特語言問題。）以及第三段"Manyofthestudiessofarhavelookedatchangesinmemory,butwealso

knowchangesoccurinlanguage",shesaid.（她說："到目前為止，許多研究都著眼于記憶的變化，

但我們也知道語言也會發生變化。可知，珍妮特?科恩?謝爾曼和她的團隊在研究中發現阿爾茨

海默氏癥患者可能在早期階段表現出講話風格的變化。故選Co

（2）C.細節理解題。根據第四段Shermancitesstudiesofthevocabulary