哈爾濱市第九中學(xué)2023—2024學(xué)年度上學(xué)期12月學(xué)業(yè)階段性評(píng)價(jià)考試高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試試卷(考試時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分共6頁(yè))第一部分(聽(tīng)力測(cè)試共兩節(jié)滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)1.Whatdoesthemanwanttobeinthefuture?A.Asoldier.B.Alawyer.C.Ateacher.2.Wherewillthewomanprobablygofirst?A.Theteacher’soffice.B.Thehospital.C.Thegym.3Howdoesthewomankeepfitnow?A.Byworkingoutatagym.B.Byplayingbasketball.C.Bygoingclimbing.4.Whatwillthewomandointheevening?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Stayathome.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whythemanislate.B.Whenthefilmstarts.C.Whothevisitorwas.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Howmanybedroomsarethereinthehouse?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.7.Whatwillthewomanhelpthemando?A.Takecareofthedocuments.B.Leadhimtothebank.C.Checkonthehouse.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.WhatattractedthemanmostinParis?A.TheEiffelTower.B.TheLouvreMuseum.C.Restaurantsandclubs.9.Howdidthemanfindhisvacation?A.Boring.B.wonderful.C.Tiring.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Howteenagerskeephealthy.B.Whymanyteenagersgetsick.C.Whatfoodteenagersshouldhave.11.Whatdoesthemanthinkofanhour’sexerciseforteenagersdaily?A.It’snotenough.B.It’stootiring.C.It’snecessary.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestteenagersdo?A.Stopeatingfastfood.B.Keeptheirhandsclean.C.Improvetheirschoolwork.更多課件教案視頻等優(yōu)質(zhì)滋源請(qǐng)家威杏MXSJ663聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoesthewomanwork?A.Inatransportbusiness.B.Inashoppingcentre.C.Inahospital.14.Howwillthewomangotowork?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.15.Whatistheman’sopiniononparkinginBroadgreen?A.Itiscostly.B.Itiseasy.C.Itishard.16.WhatisthedisadvantageofBroadgreen?A.Itisfarfromtheshoppingplaces.B.Thereisalotofnoise.C.Therentsarehigh.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhendidHemingwayproducehisfirstcollectionofshortstories?A.In1923.B.In1932.C.In1952.18.WhatisHemingway’sTheSunAlsoRisesabout?A.Agroupofreporters.B.Somewritersandartists.C.Hischildhoodexperience.19.WhatdoweknowaboutAFarewelltoArms?A.Itcameoutin1924.B.ItwasHemingway’sthirdnovel.C.ItdescribessomethingrelatedtoWorldWarI.20.WhatwasTheOldManandtheSeabasedon?A.Thestoryofareporter.B.Anoldfisherman’sreallife.C.Hemingway’sexperiencesofgoingfishing.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFrancesStevensReeseWooldlandTrailGuideTheWoodlandTrailwasopenedtothepubliconOctober21,1997.Boscobel’sBoardofDirectorsadoptedaformaldecisionofnamingtheWoodlandTrailinhonorofformerBoscobelboardmember,FancesStevensReese(1917-2003),oneyearafterhisdeath.Thetrail(小徑)isapproximately10milesinlength,leadingdowntoConstitutionForest.WhentheWestPointGlassFactorywasoperatingduringtheCivilWar,treesformilesaroundwereclearedtoprovidefirewood.Walkingoutoftheforest,youwillfindalargemassofnativehardrockaboutthreebillionyearsold.Throughoutthiscountrypath,youwillfindpictureboardsidentifyingbirdsandplantslocaltothisregion.Youwillalsofindsignswithhistoricandenvironmentalinformationwrittenbyareaspecialists.Whenyoutakeawalkthroughthis“undiscovered”forestland,pleasebeaconsiderateguest.Beforewalkingthetrail,pleasepurchaseapassintheCarriageHouse.Planahead,soyouwillbebackbyclosingtime.Followthetrailmarkersandremainonthetrail.Besidesprotectingthefragileforestecosystem,youwillreducetheriskofpoisonplantsandsnakes.Leaverocks,plants,animalsandartworkswhereyouseethemsothatthepersonbehindyoucanhavethesameexperience.Carryoutwhateveryoucarryinbecausetherearenorubbishcontainersonthetrail.Ifyouhappentoseeapieceoflitter,beagoodguestandpickitup.1.WhenwasthetrailnamedtohonorFrancesStevensReese?A.In1997. B.In1917C.In2003 D.In20042.Whatcanyouseealongthetrail?A.Anoldbattlefield. B.Aglassfactory.C.Informationsigns. D.Rockhouses.3.Whatshouldyoudoasathoughtfulvisitor?ALeavethewildlifeundisturbed.B.Throwtherubbishintothedustbins.C.MakereservationsintheCarriageHouse.D.ProtectthemarkersoftheWoodlandTrail.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了一條以博斯科貝爾前董事會(huì)成員FancesStevensReese(1917-2003)的名字命名一條林地小徑的情況和參觀的注意事項(xiàng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段第二句Boscobel’sBoardofDirectorsadoptedaformaldecisionofnamingtheWoodlandTrailinhonorofformerBoscobelboardmember,FancesStevensReese(1917-2003),oneyearafterhisdeath.（博斯科貝爾的董事會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)正式?jīng)Q定，在博斯科貝爾前董事會(huì)成員芬斯·史蒂文斯·里斯去世一年后，以芬斯·史蒂文斯·里斯(1917-2003)的名字命名這條林地小徑。）可知這條紀(jì)念弗朗西絲·史蒂文斯·里斯的小道是2004年命名的。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段Throughoutthiscountrypath,youwillfindpictureboardsidentifyingbirdsandplantslocaltothisregion.Youwillalsofindsignswithhistoricandenvironmentalinformationwrittenbyareaspecialists.（在這條鄉(xiāng)間小路上，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些圖板，上面畫(huà)著當(dāng)?shù)氐镍B(niǎo)類(lèi)和植物。你還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)由地區(qū)專(zhuān)家撰寫(xiě)的帶有歷史和環(huán)境信息的標(biāo)志。）可知你可以看到沿途的信息標(biāo)志。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Whenyoutakeawalkthroughthis“undiscovered”forestland,pleasebeaconsiderateguest.（當(dāng)你漫步在這片“未被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的林地時(shí)，請(qǐng)做一位體貼入微的客人。）可知要做一個(gè)體貼的游客，不要打擾野生動(dòng)物。故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類(lèi)題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣等，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。如第三小題，根據(jù)第四段Whenyoutakeawalkthroughthis“undiscovered”forestland,pleasebeaconsiderateguest.（當(dāng)你漫步在這片“未被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的林地時(shí)，請(qǐng)做一位體貼入微的客人。）可知要做一個(gè)體貼的游客，不要打擾野生動(dòng)物。故選A。BGettingoutofmycaroneeveninginlateJanuary,ImetmyneighborTheresa,whohadseenmedrivein.“MrsTaylorisinthehospitalagain,”shesaid.“Ithoughtyou’dliketoknow.”IhadlastseenMrsTayloradayortwobeforeChristmaswhenItookheralittleloafofpumpkinbread,andshecamefromthebackroominherwheelchairtotalkwithme.MrsTaylorandIhadbeenneighborsfor17years.Irememberthedogsheandherhusbandusedtohave.TheycalledhimBeau.Hegreetedeveryonewhowalkedby,andMrTaylorlovedhim.MostofmyconversationswithMrsTaylorhadbeenincidental—visitsbythemailbox,runningintooneanotheratthegasstationwhereshehelpedmeputairinmytire,quiettalksatthefuneralhomewherewewenttohonorthememoryofamutual(相互的)friend.WhenmyhusbandandImovedherewithourfournoisy,laughingkids,itmusthaveseemedasifthepeacefulquietoftheneighborhoodhadbeenforeverbroken.Butweshowedourenthusiasmtotheneighborssincerelyalthoughwehadlittleincommonwiththemostlyelderlyfolksonourstreet.Overtheyearstheyhelpedusloveourchildren,pickingthemupwhenabicycleoverturnedandsendingthekidscardsfortheirgraduation.Wehaveenjoyedthecomfortoflivingbesidepeoplewhohelpusifourtreefallsonthefenceandfeedthecatwhenwe’reaway.MrsTaylordidnotsurviveherlatestset-back.OnceagainIwalkedintothefuneralhometosaygood-byetoaneighbor.Irememberedthebarkingdog,thechatsbythemailbox,thefriendlywaveacrossthefence.Iremembered,andIwassad,butIhadnoregrets.NowthereisanewfamilymovingintotheTaylorplace.Iseechildren’stoysintheyard.It’stimetotakeawalk.4.Whatcanweknowaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.MrsTaylorhasabigandhappyfamily.B.TheauthorlikesMrsTaylor’sdogverymuch.C.TheauthorwouldliketoknowMrsTaylorisinthehospital.D.MrsTaylorhadbeeninpoorhealthbeforeTheresatoldtheauthor.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incidental”referto?A.Helpful. B.Unprepared. C.Unpleasant. D.Delightful.6.Howdidtheauthorsolvethedifferencewiththeneighbors?A.Sheletherchildrenbelessnoisyandnaughty.B.Shetriedtoknowmoreelderlyfolksinherstreet.C.Shetreatedeveryoneintheneighborhoodwarmly.D.Sheenjoyedthecomfortoflivingbesideneighbors.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheTrueNeighbor B.GratitudetomyneighborC.MrsTaylor—ARespectableWoman D.ExpectationforNewNeighbor【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了作者的鄰居泰勒夫人，及泰勒夫人對(duì)作者一家的包容與幫助，這讓作者很懷念。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“GettingoutofmycaroneeveninginlateJanuary,ImetmyneighborTheresa,whohadseenmedrivein.“MrsTaylorisinthehospitalagain,”shesaid.(1月下旬的一個(gè)晚上，我從車(chē)?yán)锍鰜?lái)，遇到了鄰居特蕾莎，她看到我開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)來(lái)。“泰勒夫人又住院了，”她說(shuō))”可知，特蕾莎告訴我泰勒夫人又住院了。由此可知，在此之前，泰勒夫人也住過(guò)院，也就是說(shuō)，在特蕾莎告訴作者之前，泰勒夫人的健康狀況就一直很差。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞句中“visitsbythemailbox,runningintooneanotheratthegasstationwhereshehelpedmeputairinmytire,quiettalksatthefuneralhomewherewewenttohonorthememoryofamutual(相互的)friend(在郵箱旁碰到，在加油站偶遇，她幫我給輪胎充氣，在殯儀館安靜地交談，我們?nèi)ツ抢锛o(jì)念一位共同的朋友)”可知，我和泰勒夫人都是在沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備的情況下偶遇的，例如在郵箱旁碰到，在加油站偶遇等。由此可知，我和泰勒夫人的大部分對(duì)話都是在無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的情況下進(jìn)行的，“unprepared”意為“沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備的”，能夠表達(dá)劃線單詞在句中所要表達(dá)的意思。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“WhenmyhusbandandImovedherewithourfournoisy,laughingkids,itmusthaveseemedasifthepeacefulquietoftheneighborhoodhadbeenforeverbroken.Butweshowedourenthusiasmtotheneighborssincerelyalthough.(當(dāng)我和丈夫帶著四個(gè)吵鬧、大笑的孩子搬到這里時(shí)，這個(gè)社區(qū)的寧?kù)o似乎永遠(yuǎn)被打破了。盡管如此，我們還是真誠(chéng)地向鄰居們展示了我們的熱情)”可知，作者一家打破了社區(qū)的寧?kù)o，但一家人真誠(chéng)地向鄰居們展示了熱情，以此來(lái)解決與鄰居之間的分歧。由此可知，作者通過(guò)熱情地對(duì)待社區(qū)的每一個(gè)人來(lái)解決與鄰居之間的分歧。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“MrsTaylorandIhadbeenneighborsfor17years.(泰勒夫人和我做了17年的鄰居)”和第三段關(guān)鍵句“Overtheyearstheyhelpedusloveourchildren,pickingthemupwhenabicycleoverturnedandsendingthekidscardsfortheirgraduation.(多年來(lái)，他們幫助我們愛(ài)我們的孩子，在自行車(chē)翻車(chē)時(shí)把他們抱起來(lái)，并給孩子們寄畢業(yè)賀卡)”可知，本文主要介紹了作者的鄰居泰勒夫人，及泰勒夫人對(duì)作者一家的包容與幫助，這讓作者很懷念。由此可知，“TheTrueNeighbor(真正的鄰居)”能夠表達(dá)文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。CYoudon’tneedmetotellyouhowtobrushyourteeth.Twiceaday,fortwominutes.Butareyouheadingtothebathroomafteryourbreakfast,orbeforeit?Schedulingyourmorningmaintenancemightbemorecontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)thanyouthought.“Thisisoneofthebiggestsubjectsfordebateamongourpatients,”saysDrSameerPatel,clinicaldirectoratEllevenDentalWellness.Forhimtheanswerissimple:“brushbeforebreakfast”.Fortoothdecay(腐爛)tostart,heexplains,threethingsarerequired:bacteria,sugarandtime.“Overnight,younaturallydevelopplaque,”hesays.“Plaqueis,inessence,astickyfilmofbacteria.That’swhyyoudon’twakeupwithgreatbreath.Ifyoudon’tbrush,youthenintroducesugaratbreakfast.”Allthreeelementsfordecayarethusinplace—aperfectstorminsideyourmouthasyoumunch.Brushbeforebreakfastinstead,and,“yougointoeatingwithnobacteria,sothatprocessofdecaydoesn’tstart”.“Irecommendthatmypatientsbrushtheirteethbeforehavingbreakfast,”agreesDrOliviaJohnsonKing,orthodontistattheHollandParkDentalClinic.This,sheexplains,isbecausewhenweeat,thepHlevelsinsideourmouthsdrops,becomingmoreacidicandmakingtheoutersurfaceofourteeth—theenamel—softer.“Soifwebrushdirectlyafterbreakfast,inthelong-termwecouldbeweakeningthatoutersurfaceanddamagingourteeth,”shesays.Whilemanydentistsrecommendbrushingbeforebreakfast,noteveryoneagrees.“Therearelotsofmisconceptions,evenamongdentists,onthissubject,”saysDrCarlosGonzalez-Cabezas,dentistandprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofDentistry.“Peoplethinkbrushingisallaboutremovingfoodandplaque.Actually,it’salsoanextremelyimportantdeliverymethodforfluoride(氟化物).”Fluoridestrengthensteethandpreventsdecay.Brushbeforebreakfast,andyouwillremovemuchofitasyoueat,reducingtheeffectivenessofyourtoothpaste,heargues.Plus,hepointsout,peopletendtoeatbreakfastprettyquickly,notgivingthebacteriaandfoodmuchtimetojoinforcesanddomuchdamage.Brushstraightaftereatingand,“youremovemostofthosecarbohydrates(碳水化合物)rightaway,plussomeofthebacteria,andyou’redeliveringfluoridetostrengthenyourteeth.”Withsuchstrongviewsheldbybothcamps,woulditbebesttobrushbothbeforeandafterbreakfast?DrGonzalez-Cabezaslaughs.“It’shardenoughtopersuadepeopletobrushtwiceaday—onceinthemorningandoncebeforebed,”hesays.“Brushinginthemorning,wheneveryou’reabletodoit,isbetterthanskippingbrushingyourteethatall.”Sobeforebreakfastorafterbreakfast—justdon’twaittillyourtoothhurts.8.AccordingtoDr.Patel,whyshouldwebrushbeforebreakfast?A.Wehaven’teatenforalongtime. B.ThepHlevelsinsideourmouthsdrops.C.Wewakeupwithbadbreath. D.Thebacteriawillberemoved.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2mean?A.amovie B.athinlayer C.sugar D.breakfast10.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThemisconceptionsonthesubjectB.ThereasonsforbrushingbeforebreakfastC.TheopposingopinionoftheformerviewpointsD.Fluoridestrengthensteethandpreventsdecay.11.Whatwecanlearnfromthepassage?A.DrPatelandDrKingsharethesamereasonforbrushingteethbeforebreakfast.B.Brushingteethbeforebreakfastisbetterthanbrushingafterbreakfast.C.Dr.Gonzalez-Cabezasrecommendspeopletobrushbothbeforeandafterbreakfast.D.Itremainscontroversialwhetherit’sbettertobrushbeforebreakfast.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)引述牙醫(yī)的意見(jiàn)，討論了早餐前后刷牙的爭(zhēng)議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Brushbeforebreakfastinstead,and,“yougointoeatingwithnobacteria,sothatprocessofdecaydoesn’tstart”(相反，在早餐前刷牙，“你在沒(méi)有細(xì)菌的情況下進(jìn)食，這樣腐爛的過(guò)程就不會(huì)開(kāi)始”)”可知Patel博士認(rèn)為早餐前刷牙是為了去除細(xì)菌，故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞下文“astickyfilmofbacteria(一層粘性的細(xì)菌膜)”可推理出劃線詞的含義為“一層薄薄的東西”，故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Whilemanydentistsrecommendbrushingbeforebreakfast,noteveryoneagrees.(雖然許多牙醫(yī)建議在早餐前刷牙，但并不是每個(gè)人都同意)”、以及“Brushbeforebreakfast,andyouwillremovemuchofitasyoueat,reducingtheeffectivenessofyourtoothpaste(早餐前刷牙，你會(huì)在吃的時(shí)候去除大部分，從而降低牙膏的功效)”可推理出本段主要講的是與前兩種觀點(diǎn)相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“DrGonzalez-Cabezaslaughs.“It’shardenoughtopersuadepeopletobrushtwiceaday—onceinthemorningandoncebeforebed,”hesays.“Brushinginthemorning,wheneveryou’reabletodoit,isbetterthanskippingbrushingyourteethatall.”Sobeforebreakfastorafterbreakfast—justdon’twaittillyourtoothhurts.(Gonzalez-Cabezas博士笑了。他說(shuō):“說(shuō)服人們一天刷兩次牙已經(jīng)夠難的了——一次在早上，一次在睡前?！薄爸灰隳茏龅剑缟纤⒀揽偙炔凰⒀篮?。”所以不管是早餐前還是早餐后——不要等到牙疼了。)”可推理出對(duì)于早餐前刷牙是否更好仍有爭(zhēng)議，故選D項(xiàng)。DTeenswithbossyfriendsareathigherriskformentalhealthproblems,accordingtoournewresearch.Bossyfriendsoftenusetheirdecision-makingpower—forinstance,decidingwhichclassmatestheirfriendsshouldfollowonInstagramororderingtheirfriendsgotoapartytheydon’twanttoattend.Friendshipsareextremelyimportantrelationshipsforteens,butaretheyalwaysapositiveinfluence?Wearepsychologyresearchersinterestedinthepotentialpsychologicalconsequencesofhavingdominant(占支配地位的)friends.Wesuspectedthatbeingpartofthiskindoffriendshipmightmaketeenagersfeelworthlessordepressed.Toinvestigate,wesurveyed388teenagersatU.S.highschoolsfivetimesacrossoneyear.Eachtime,weaskedourteenparticipantstoanswerquestionsabouttheirclosefriends’bossybehaviors:Dotheymakeallthedecisions?Dotheyalwaysgettheirway?Consistentwithourpredictions,wefoundthatwhenteenagersfeltpowerlessintheirclosefriendships—liketheirfriendsalways“calledtheshots”—theyexperiencedlowerself-esteemandmoresymptomsofdepressionoranxiety.Teenageyearsisahigh-risktimeforthebeginningofpsychologicaldisorders.Ratesofdepressionandanxietytendtoriseduringtheteenageyears.Supportiveandequalfriendshipscanpositivelyaffectteenmentalhealth,butournewresearchrevealsapotentialdarksidetosomeclosefriendships.AlthoughsometeensmightbeOKgoingwiththeflowandlettingtheirfriendsmakedecisions,ourstudyfoundsomeofthefirstevidencethatthiskindofunequalrelationshipcanbepsychologicallyharmful.Healthyfriendshipsshouldofferbothpartnersopportunitiestohaveasayandmakedecisions.Ourfindingssuggestthatit’simportanttoteachteenshowtoestablishhealthyfriendships.Thereisstillalottolearnabouthowpowerinfriendshipsaffectteenmentalhealth.Forexample,isitbettertohavebossyfriendsthannofriendsatall?Doeshavingseveralsupportivefriendsnegate(取消)theharmofhavingonebossyfriend?Andaretherereasonssometeensmightbemorelikelythanotherstoendupintheseunhealthyfriendships?Forexample,it’spossiblethatpersonalityplaysarole,withmoreintroverted(內(nèi)向的)teensattractedbybossypeers,andviceversa.Wealsoneedtolearnmoreaboutthebestwaystoeffectivelyhelpthemformbetterfriendships.Manyprogramsaredesignedtopromotehealthyteenromanticrelationships,butfarfeweraddresshealthyteenfriendships.12.Accordingtothetext,whatkindoffriendsputteenagersatahigherriskformentalhealthproblems?A.Supportivefriends. B.Dominantfriends.C.Depressedfriends. D.Introvertedfriends.13.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirstudy?A.Byconductingexperiments. B.Byobservingteenagers’behaviors.C.Byinterviewingteenagers. D.Bysurveyingteenagers’parents.14.Whatdidtheresearchersfindabouttheteenagerswhohadbossyfriends?A.Theyweremorelikelytohavelowself-esteem.B.Theytendtohavemoresymptomsofanxietyandfeellessdepressed.C.Theymadetheirbossyfriendsworthlessandpowerless.D.Theypreferredtofollowtheirbossyfriends’orders.15.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A.Morerelatedstudiesneedtobeconductedtoaddresshealthyteenfriendships.B.Manyprogramsaredesignedtopromotehealthyteenromanticrelationships.C.Moreintrovertedteensareattractedbybossypeersandviceversa.D.Someteensmightfeelfinelettingtheirbossyfriendsmakedecisions.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究：有專(zhuān)橫朋友的青少年患心理健康問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Teenswithbossyfriendsareathigherriskformentalhealthproblems,accordingtoournewresearch.(根據(jù)我們的最新研究，有專(zhuān)橫朋友的青少年患心理健康問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。)”可知，主導(dǎo)型朋友會(huì)讓青少年患精神疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Toinvestigate,wesurveyed388teenagersatU.S.highschoolsfivetimesacrossoneyear.Eachtime,weaskedourteenparticipantstoanswerquestionsabouttheirclosefriends’bossybehaviors:Dotheymakeallthedecisions?Dotheyalwaysgettheirway?(為了進(jìn)行調(diào)查，我們?cè)谝荒曛袑?duì)美國(guó)高中的388名青少年進(jìn)行了五次調(diào)查。每一次，我們都要求青少年參與者回答關(guān)于他們親密朋友專(zhuān)橫行為的問(wèn)題：是他們做了所有的決定嗎？他們總能如愿以?xún)攩幔?”可推知，研究人員通過(guò)訪問(wèn)青少年來(lái)進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選C。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Consistentwithourpredictions,wefoundthatwhenteenagersfeltpowerlessintheirclosefriendships—liketheirfriendsalways“calledtheshots”—theyexperiencedlowerself-esteemandmoresymptomsofdepressionoranxiety.(與我們的預(yù)測(cè)一致，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)青少年在親密的友誼中感到無(wú)力時(shí)——就像他們的朋友總是“發(fā)號(hào)施令”一樣——他們的自尊心較低，更容易出現(xiàn)抑郁或焦慮的癥狀。)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些有專(zhuān)橫朋友的青少年更有可能缺乏自尊。故選A。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thereisstillalottolearnabouthowpowerinfriendshipsaffectteenmentalhealth.(關(guān)于友誼的力量如何影響青少年的心理健康，還有很多東西需要學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，需要進(jìn)行更多的相關(guān)研究來(lái)處理健康的青少年友誼，所以A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)最后一段中“Manyprogramsaredesignedtopromotehealthyteenromanticrelationships,butfarfeweraddresshealthyteenfriendships.(許多項(xiàng)目旨在促進(jìn)健康的青少年戀愛(ài)關(guān)系，但很少涉及健康的青少年友誼。)”可知，B項(xiàng)“許多節(jié)目旨在促進(jìn)健康的青少年戀愛(ài)關(guān)系?！闭_；根據(jù)最后一段中“Forexample,it’spossiblethatpersonalityplaysarole,withmoreintroverted(內(nèi)向的)teensattractedbybossypeers,andviceversa.(例如，性格可能起到一定作用，更內(nèi)向的青少年被專(zhuān)橫的同齡人吸引，反之亦然)”可知，C項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的青少年更容易被專(zhuān)橫的同齡人吸引，反之亦然?！闭_，D項(xiàng)“一些青少年可能覺(jué)得讓他們專(zhuān)橫的朋友做決定沒(méi)什么問(wèn)題。”與倒數(shù)第二段中“AlthoughsometeensmightbeOKgoingwiththeflowandlettingtheirfriendsmakedecisions,ourstudyfoundsomeofthefirstevidencethatthiskindofunequalrelationshipcanbepsychologicallyharmful.(盡管一些青少年可能愿意隨波逐流，讓他們的朋友做決定，但我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種不平等的關(guān)系可能對(duì)心理有害。)”描述不符，文中說(shuō)的是“讓朋友做決定”而不是讓“專(zhuān)橫的朋友做決定”，所以不正確，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Therehavebeenseveralincidentsinrecentyearswherepeoplediedbecauseofunsafecrowdconditionsandstampedes(人群的蜂擁),thelatestoneunfoldinginSeoul,SouthKorea,withatleast155deathsreported.Thismayleavesomepeoplethinkingthere’slittleyoucandotosurviveastampede.____16____Butcrowd-safetyexpertssaythereareseveralstrategiesthatcouldhelpyouavoidapotentiallydeadlyoutcome.Considerthesestepsbelow:Thekeytostayingsafeinacrowdbeginsassoonasyouarriveatthelocation,saysRandyAtlas,asafetyconsultantbasedinFortLauderdale.____17____It’sapieceofcommonsenseadvicethatAtlasappliesnotjustatbigevents,butevenwhenenteringalmostanyroom.Ifthere’sasuddenpanicandcrowdsbegintopushinacertaindirection,yourinstinct(本能)maybetofightbackandpushtheoppositeway.____18____Ifyougoagainsttheflow,youincreaseyourchancesofgettingtrippedandknockeddown.Anotherrisk,accordingtoexperts:Ifyoufightthecrowd,youwilltireyourselfoutquicklyinasituationwhereenergyisneeded.Asyoumoveforwardwiththecrowd,it’sbesttomoveinadiagonal(對(duì)角線的)directionsoyoucanpotentiallyangleyourwayoutofthesituation.Thegoalistogettotheedgeofthestampedewhereit’slesslikelythatyou’llendupstuckatachoke-point,likeadoorway.____19____Lookforasolidstructuretostandbehindsuchasapillarorawall.Otherplacestoduck;behindacarorevenalamppost.Inmanystampedeevents,peoplediesimplybecausetheyarecrushedtothepointtheycan’tbreathe.Butapossiblewaytoavoidthisistoplaceyourarmsinfrontofyou,almostinaboxer-likeposition.Thatcouldgiveyousomeveryvaluablebreathingroom—literally.____20____A.Anotherpotentialwayistoshelteryourself.B.Butthatcouldbeabigmistake,Atlaswarns.C.Inthiscase,youdon’tnecessarilyhavetowaitandlettimeslipby.D.Namely,headvisespeopletotakenoteofwherethenearestexitsare.E.It’sasimplepose,butsurprisinglyeffectiveandpossiblylife-saving.F.Otherevents,suchasaHalloweengathering,arelikelytoturndeadly.G.Indeed,it’safrighteningsituationandcircumstancesmaymakeitimpossibletoescape.【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.A20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了防止擁擠踩踏的一些方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前一句“Thismayleavesomepeoplethinkingthere’slittleyoucandotosurviveastampede(這可能會(huì)讓一些人認(rèn)為你幾乎無(wú)法在踩踏事件中幸存下來(lái))”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)承接上句說(shuō)明這種局面所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，G項(xiàng)：Indeed,it’safrighteningsituationandcircumstancesmaymakeitimpossibletoescape(的確，這種局面很駭人，形勢(shì)有可能讓人難以逃脫)符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前一句“Thekeytostayingsafeinacrowdbeginsassoonasyouarriveatthelocation(在人群中保持安全的關(guān)鍵是從你到達(dá)地點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為最關(guān)鍵是留意最近的出口在哪里。D項(xiàng)：Namely,headvisespeopletotakenoteofwherethenearestexitsare(也就是說(shuō)，他建議人們留意最近的出口在哪里)中“he”與上一句的“RandyAtlas”相呼應(yīng)。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前一句“yourinstinctmaybetofightbackandpushtheoppositeway(你的本能可能是反擊并向相反的方向推進(jìn))”以及后句“Ifyougoagainsttheflow,youincreaseyourchancesofgettingtrippedandknockeddown(如果你逆潮流而動(dòng)，你被絆倒和撞倒的幾率就會(huì)增加)”可知，你本能做出的行為可能是錯(cuò)的，所以B項(xiàng)：Butthatcouldbeabigmistake,Atlaswarns(Atlas警告說(shuō)這樣做可能是錯(cuò)誤的)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?9題詳解】設(shè)空處為本段的主題句。根據(jù)空后“Lookforasolidstructuretostandbehindsuchasapillarorawall.Otherplacestoduck;behindacarorevenalamppost(找一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)站在后面，如柱子或墻。其他地方可以躲避；躲在汽車(chē)后面，甚至是燈柱后面)”可知，空出提出應(yīng)該保護(hù)自己。A項(xiàng)：Anotherpotentialwayistoshelteryourself(另一種可能的方法是保護(hù)自己)概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A?！?0題詳解】空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)空前“Butapossiblewaytoavoidthisistoplaceyourarmsinfrontofyou,almostinaboxer-likeposition.Thatcouldgiveyousomeveryvaluablebreathingroom—literally(但有一種可能的方法可以避免這種情況，那就是將手臂放在身前，幾乎像拳擊手一樣。這可能會(huì)給你一些非常寶貴的喘息空間)”可知，空處應(yīng)陳述這種行為看似簡(jiǎn)單，卻非常有效。E項(xiàng)：It’sasimplepose,butsurprisinglyeffectiveandpossiblylife-saving.(這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的姿勢(shì)，但卻出奇地有效，而且可能挽救生命)符合題意，pose呼應(yīng)上文position，故選E。第三部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Onedaymydaughterbroughthomefourtinytreesfromgradeschool.Theyhadbeengiventoherbytheschoolto____21____,butnoneofthemlookedvery____22____.Iplantedtheminourbackyard.Overtheyears____23____soilbroughtanendtothreeofthem.Onlyasingleevergreenwasleft.Itgrewveryslowly.Itnevergotverytallandittilted(傾斜)tooneside.Eventuallyitlookedmorelikeafat____24____thanatree.Inoticedthatitwasstartingto____25____.Thelowerbrancheswerebecoming____26____.Theneedlesontheupperbrancheshadturnedbrown.Onlythetopthirdofthetreewasstillgreen.LastsummerIdidmybestto____27____itbyfeedingitlotsoffertilizer(肥料),butmyeffortswerein____28____.ThismorningIwentoutandlookedatitagain.Iwaswonderingwhetheritwouldbebettertojustcutitdown.Thatwouldmakecleaningtheyard____29____andIwouldnolongerhavetowatchit_____30_____graduallybynaturalprocesses.However,Inoticedabirdwaspatientlybuildinganestinthetopmostbranches.IsmiledwhenIlookedatitandrealizedthatmaybethisoldtreehadsomelifeand_____31_____leftinityet.Itwasgivingabirda_____32_____andprovidingoxygentotheworld.Thistree_____33_____meofsomething,too.Allofourliveshavea(an)_____34_____.Untilourlast_____35_____herewecanhelptomakethisworldabetterplace.21.A.study B.climb C.plant D.select22.A.rare B.young C.attractive D.strong23.A.soft B.poor C.wet D.fresh24.A.bush B.root C.branch D.trunk25.A.boom B.bend C.grow D.die26.A.long B.straight C.bare D.shaky27.A.save B.protect C.beautify D.sharpen28.A.relief B.vain C.trouble D.effect29.A.moretiring B.busier C.moreinteresting D.easier30.A.destroyed B.absorbed C.covered D.explored31.A.lack B.ambition C.heat D.u