短文改錯解題指導Teaching

aims:

How

to

do

proof

reading.

Teaching

importances:

Master

main

mistakes

appearing

in

the

text

and

the

methods

tocorrectthem.Teachingdifficulties:Developstudentstheabilitytodotheproofreadingcorrectly.Teachingmethods:Independentandcooperativeinquirymethod一、試題特性文章多以學生角度寫出，題材均與學生生活親密有關。句子構造以簡樸句為主過渡到以復合句和并列句為主，每篇短文幾乎都有一種或幾個長句子，這就需要在這個長句子里判斷出二到三個地方有錯或無錯，增加了試題難度。短文中單詞拼寫，詞序，大小寫，標點，地名，人名，專有名詞和注有中文的詞語普通不設考點。二、考點解析

考點一、名詞

1.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaitforyourteachertoleadyououtside.Stayclosetoyourteacherandclassmate.(四川卷)2.Iremembermygrandfatherverywell.Hewastall,withbroadshoulder.(全國卷一)3.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.(全國卷)4.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriend.Helentmelotsofclothes.(全國卷)歸納總結：考點二、動詞及非謂語動詞1.Thismorningthedogstartsbarkingevenbefore5o’clock.(遼寧卷)2.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.(全國卷一)3.Suddenlyarrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky.(陜西卷)4.WhatmaysurpriseyouarethatIamgoingtotheUSthisJuly.5.Manypeopleenjoysportsbywatchingothersplay.InAmericanbigcities,thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgame.6.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhythedogbarkseveryminutesheisoutside.(遼寧卷)7.Don’tpanicorgetoutoflineandtryingtoremainquietandcalm.(四川卷)8.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.(陜西卷)9.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clock.(全國卷二)10.Ontheboxwasacardsay:“25centseach.”(全國卷)11.Seeingfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.歸納總結：考點三、形容詞和副詞1.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.(陜西卷)2.IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.(全國卷)3.I

was

at

the

Shanghai

Railway

Station

buying

a

ticket

to

Hang

Zhou.

I

was

going

to

visit

a

friend

here

and

after

that

I

would

go

to

Xiamen

for

a

long

holiday.

(全國卷)4.However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.(全國卷一)歸納總結：考點四、代詞1.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.(陜西卷)2.Thank

you

very

much

for

showing

them

around

your

city

and

providing

us

with

the

wonderful

meals.

3.Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.歸納總結：考點五、冠詞1.ThatdayIdidnotlearntmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!(陜西卷)2.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(全國卷)3.MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperienceintheUS.(全國卷)歸納總結：考點六、介詞1.Althoughwehavebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,wearehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.(遼寧卷)2.Weappreciateyourapologiesandgoodwill,butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.(遼寧卷)3.Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgoesoff.(四川卷)4.Ihadallmymoneyonmypocket.(全國卷)歸納總結：考點七、連詞1.Ifyounoticethatsomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.(四川卷)2.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewasstrongandpowerful.3.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.(全國卷)4.There,Katia

will

introduce

me

to

some

of

her

friends,

one

of

who

has

been

to

China

several

times.

歸納總結：三、【備考方略】

如何做短文改錯：

第一步：

審題。通讀全文，

理解大意。全方面把握文章整體(時態、

題材及內容)。

第二步：

重讀全文，

應先擬定某些明顯的錯誤，

方便疏通短文，

化繁為簡，

為背面解題打開思路。許多問題可在這一階段得到解決。從詞法、

句法到行文邏輯三方面著手，

逐句而不是逐行地分析、

找錯。

第三步：

綜觀全篇，

看錯誤類型的比例與否得當、

前后邏輯與否一致、

有無前后矛盾等現象。

第四步：

認真檢查，

避免出現下列錯誤：

符號不規范；

一種詞改為幾個或幾個改為一種；

該大寫的未大寫；

合成詞只改了其中一部分等。四、練習如果英語課上老師規定同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的下列作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤。每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一種單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一種漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多出的詞用斜線（﹨）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改十處，多者（從第11處起）不計分（一）(陜西）My

father

and

I

stayed

at

the

South

Lake

Hotel

for

a

week

when

we

visit

Beijing

last

month.

It

is

in

the

downtown

area,

but

it

is

easy

to

go

to

anywhere

from

the

hotel

by

public

transport.

We

lived

in

a

comfortably

double-room

with

a

big

bath.

What

I

liked

best

were

the

free

high-speed

Internet

connection

in

the

room.

I

checked

my

email

messages

every

day.

I

also

shared

for

my

friends

many

photos

taking

in

Beijing.

The

food

was

wonderful

with

reasonable

prices,

and

we

enjoyedseveral

local

dish.

It

is

such

great

hotel

that

I

would

recommend

it

to

any

friend

of

me

who

is

going

to

Beijing.

（二）(

浙江)

I

was

playing

at

my

cousin

house.

Since

his

family

was

rich

than

mine,

he

had

more

toys

than

I

didThere

was

one

on

particular

I’d

always

wanted.

I

put

into

my

pocket

when

he

wasn’t

looking.Iguessed,

even

at

that

age,

I

would

never

be

able

to

enjoy

to

playing

with

the

toy

or

faced

my

cousin

again.

I

would

always

know

I’d

done

something

wrong.

Late

on,

my

aunt

drove

me

home.

When

shedroppedme

off,

I

pulled

out

the

toy

slow

and

gave

it

back.

She

knows

what

had

happened,

but

shethanked

meand

ever

mentioned

it

again.

（三）

（浙江）IwastakingatraintoLondon’sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.Beforelong,atraininspectorcomestocheckourtickets.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingtheticket,whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner.Thepersonwhofoundaticketsmiledwithpleasureathissuccess.Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviousspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.Yettheyhadsoquicklyofferedthestrangerstheirhelp.Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.一、名詞歸納總結：從全部格、可數和不可數、單數還是復數的角度判斷文章中名詞的使用與否對的，名詞的數或格有無錯誤以及根據上下文的邏輯關系。二、動詞歸納總結：時態重要考察現在時與過去時的誤用,句中普通沒有時間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯系上下文,著眼于整個語篇的時態。普通整篇都是過去,忽然一種句子用現在時。其中又以普通現在時和過去時互改為多。有時也涉及其它時態,如普通將來時,現在完畢時等,但極少見。主謂與否一致(謂語動詞的單、復數形式與主語保持一致)及根據語意相對應的動詞come，go，buy，sell等詞的使用。三、非謂語動詞歸納總結：根據非謂語動詞