PracticalEnglishforMasterStudentsinEngineering:Reading,WritingandTranslationPublicSecurityUnit11Unit7:PartOne-Reading

Pre-readingActivities

TopicPreview

Watch&Practice

VocabularyPreview

Text

GeneralUnderstanding

LanguageFocus

Translation

Post-readingActivities

WatchandPractice

In-classDiscussionPre-readingActivitiesI.Topicpreview:BrainstormonthetermsofpublicsecurityTipsCivilstrifeandTerrorism;Wars,RiotsandTerroristActsNaturalHazards:Fires&Floods,Winds,Hurricane,Tornados,EarthquakesHomelandsecurityTechnologicalfailuresHumanerrorsUseofprivacyCivilprotectionThreatstopersonalprivacyAccesstosensitiveinformationbecontrolledAccesstopersonalInformationandsecurityPre-readingActivitiesPublicsecurityPublicsecurityisthefunctionofgovernmentswhichensurestheprotectionofcitizens,organizations,andinstitutionsagainstthreatstotheirwell-being–andtotheprosperityoftheircommunities.Definition1.Whatkindofsecuritychecksdoyourhavetogothroughatairportwhenyouaretravellingbyair?2.Howwill/shouldpeoplepreparetheircarry-onbagiftheyareabouttotravelbyair?3.Doyouthinkthesecuritymeasurestakenatairportscanstopterroristsfromtakingbombontoapassagerplane?Pre-readingActivitiesInpairsorsmallgroups,discussthequestionsbelowandtakenotes.Afterthediscussion,pleasesummarize.II.Watch&Practice

Pre-readingActivitiesWatchthevideo“RichardQuest,CNN”andfilltheblankswithwhatyouhaveheard.II.Watch&PracticeWordsandExpressions.nightmaren.veryfrighteningandunpleasantsituationtoiletries(pl)n.thingsused

towashortakecareofyourbody,e.g.soapandtoothpasteliterallyad.emphasizethatwhatyouaresayingistrue.conveyorbeltn.傳送帶SpotdicatationThisnewsituation1.________tobeanightmarefortravelers.Alreadyyouarehavingtoputshoesontheconveyorbelt,then

ofcoursethisislittle

baggiewithyourtoiletries.Ifthatisnotenough,youare2.______ofcourse,bags,somebriefcasesaswellasinsomecaseslateron.You‘vegottoputthebigbagon3.________.Andnowyouarehaving

to4._______

yourlaptopandallsortsofotherelectronicdevices.JustimagineI’vegotmylaptop,myblackberry.I‘vegotmyiphone,myipadwhichofcourse

works.I’vegotmykey-boardtwo

batteries.Andallofsudden,literally,theiphoneisoutof5.______.AndstillnowI'vegottoworkoutwhattodoaboutthis.HowdoImanagetoeitherquicklyoutof6._______.AndstillnowI‘vegottoworkoutwhattodoaboutthis.HowdoImanagetoeitherquickly7.

withabitofthissothatIcanstilltakeitontheplane?OrdoIhavetoleaveitbehindandsenditforwardby8..

Andmeanwhiletheconveyorbelt9.

goingandmorepassengerskeepcomingalongandyounowhavegotyourbag,yourbriefcases,allyourelectronics,andifyouarereally10

youmightjustgetontheplanewiththemall.Spotdicatation(key)Thisnewsituation1.promisestobea

nightmarefortravelers.Alreadyyouarehavingtoputshoesontheconveyorbelt,thenofcoursethisislittle

baggiewithyourtoiletries.Ifthatisnotenough,youare2.adding,ofcourse,bags,somebriefcasesaswellasinsomecaseslateron.You'vegottoputthebigbagon3.aswell.Andnowyouare

havingto4.switchonyourlaptopandallsortsofotherelectronicdevices.JustimagineI'vegotmylaptop,myblackberry.I'vegotmyiphone,myipadwhichofcourse

works.I'vegotmykey-boardtwo5.sparebatteries.Andallofsudden,literally,theiphoneisoutof6.use.AndstillnowI'vegottoworkoutwhattodoaboutthis.HowdoImanagetoeitherquickly

7.chargeitupwithabitofthissothatIcanstilltakeitontheplane?OrdoIhavetoleaveitbehindandsenditforwardby8.posts.Andmeanwhiletheconveyorbelt9.keeps

goingandmorepassengerskeepcomingalongandyounowhavegotyourbag,yourbriefcases,allyourelectronics,andifyouarereally10.lucky

youmightjustgetontheplanewiththemall.Questions:

1.Whatdothescenestellyou?2.Whatkindofimplicationyougetfromthem?Pre-readingActivitiesA.Readeachofthesentencesbelow.Choosetheanswerthatisclosesttothemeaningoftheitalicized

wordineachsentence.III.VocabularyPreview_______1.detector

_______3.impose_______security _______proceed_______terrorist _______dominate_______2.fingerprint

_______4.civil_______expenditure _______solid_______collabration _______vulnerable

bacccbbacbaaPre-readingActivitiesB.Fillintheblankswiththeitalicized

wordsfromthepreviousexercise.Changethewordformifnecessary.III.VocabularyPreview____________ 7.________________________ 8.___________3.___________ 9.____________4.____________ 10.____________5.____________ 11.____________6.___________ 12.____________dominate

vulnerableFingerprintsimpose

expendituredetectorsolidcivilsecurityproceedcollaborationterroriststsSecurityResearchisGainingImportance

ByBirgitNiesingText:GeneralUnderstandingI.ReasonsforastricterairportsecuritycheckII. ResponsesofUSA,EU,Germany

III. CluesthatsecuritysystemisbecomingalineofbusinessThestructureoftheTextPara.1-3Para.4-5Paras.6I. Reasonsforastricterairportsecuritycheck

1.9/11attack

2.changeofmenace

USA:DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,

incresedexpenditure

EU:

1.4billioneuroinsecurityresearchbetween2007and2013

Germany:interdisplinaryreserchcollaborations,first-evercross-departmentprogram,123millionfinancesupport

◆sGeneralUnderstandingII.ResponsesofUSA,EU,GermanyIII. Cluesthatsecuritysystemisbecomingalineofbusiness....

GeneralUnderstanding1.FrancoFrattini:Europeshouldnotmerelybeaconsumerbutalsoaproducerofsuchtechnology.2.Themarketforsecuritysystemshasbeensteadilygrowing.3.TheworldwidegrowthrateliesataroundseventoeightpercentBiggestthreats:1.Oursocietyisvulnerabletoallmannerofviolentattacksbyextremistgroups.2.Threattocriticalinfrastructureandkeyresourcessuchasdrinkingwaterandelectricitysupplies,industrialplant,nuclearreactorss,andtransportationandtelecommunicationnetworks.GeneralUnderstandingChoosethebestanswerforthefollowing.

You'llneedtotellthe________guardifyouwanttoworklateintheoffice. a.secure

b.security

c.safe

d.safety

Bothofthemrefusedtotakealie_________test.

a.

delete b.dete

ct

c.detector

d.detective

b.Hightaxeshaverecentlybeen__________onalcohol.

a.deposited

b.stepped

c.accessed

d.imposed4Thesuspects'__________wereallovergun.a.detectorsb.fingerprintsc.printsd.fingers123GeneralUnderstandingChoosethebestanswerforthefollowing.

We'llnotmarryinchurch.We'llhavea__________ceremonyinregistryoffice. a.local b.religious

c.governmental d.civil

The__________onthisprojecthasbeenenormous. a.expenditure

b.experience

c.esposure d.excitation7Theyreceived___________supportfromtheirteammates.a.terrorb.pursuitc.solidd.sophisticated

8Youshouldbeespeciallycarefulwithyoungpeoplewhoappearparticularly__________.a.vulnerableb.dominantc.secured.civil

56SecurityResearchisGainingImportance

ByBirgitNiesingSuicidebombings,terroristattacks,forestfires,hurricanes,flooddisasters,avianflu,organizedcrime–thesecurityofWesternsocietyhasbeenthreatenedinanew,complexwayinrecentyears.Moderntechnologycanhelptodetectpotentialrisksatanearlystageandprovideameansofcoordinatingactionintheeventofamajordisaster.LanguageFocusTranslation1. Beeep!Themetaldetectorhasfoundsomethingsuspicious.Thesecurityguardtakesthewaitingairlinepassengerasideandperformsabodychecktosearchforconcealedweapons.“Wouldyoupleasetakeyourshoesoff,”theuniformedofficerdemands,andthenproceedstometiculouslyexaminethepassenger’sblackleathershoes.Meanwhile,thelineofpassengerswaitingtopassthroughthesecuritygategrowslongerandlonger.Everypassengerhastotakeofftheirjacket,emptytheirpocketsofloosecoins,billfoldsandkeys,andevenremovethebeltholdinguptheirtrousers.Alloftheseitemsaredepositedinaplastictray.Afterthat,thepassenger’shandbaggageisopened,thelaptopistakenoutofpleasedescribeyourexperiencesatthecheckpoints,ifanyLanguageFocusTranslationitscarryingcase,andtheregulatoryclearplastictoiletbagcontainingtoothpaste,showergel,bodylotionandshampooispresentedforinspection.Allthishastobedonebeforethenextpassengercanpassthroughthemetaldetector.2.

Anyonewhotravelsbyaircan’tavoidnoticingthatairportsecuritycheckshavebeensteppedupconsiderablyinrecentyears.GovernmentauthoritiesandairlineshaveimposedevenstrictercontrolssinceSeptember11,2001,andlastyear’sfortunatelyfoiled,plannedattacksontransatlanticflightsbyterroristscarryingliquidexplosives.TheUSAhasimposedparticularlydraconiansecuritymeasures:now,anyonewantingtotraveltotheUnitedStateshastohavetheirfingerprintsrecorded.LanguageFocusTranslation3.9/11wastheturningpointthatmadeitdramaticallyclearhowthenatureofthethreatsfacingoursocietyhaschanged.Inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,

worldsecuritywasdominatedbythestandoffbetweentwomajormilitarypowers,NATOandtheWarsawPact.NowthattheColdWarisover,thismenacehasbeenreplacedbyamultiplicityoflesseasilydefinedthreats.

SuicidebombershaveparalyzedtheentirepublictransportationnetworkinLondon,NewOrleanswasalmostwipedoffthemapbysevereflooding,virusescapableofinfectingthepopulationwithsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)werespreadaroundtheglobebypassengeraircraftinamatterofhours.Present-daysocietyneedstoprotectitselfagainstterroristattacks,industrialaccidents,andpandemics.LanguageFocusTranslationThisnolongercallsforapurelymilitaryresponse.Thereisanincreasingneedforcivilprotectionmeasures.4.

TheUSArespondedtothenewdemandsbycreatingaDepartmentofHomelandSecurity.Atthesametime,thenation’sexpenditureonsecurityresearchandrelatedtechnologieswassignificantlyincreased.SecurityresearchhasalsobeengivengreaterpriorityinEuropeanresearchprograms.ItisanimportantelementintheEU’s7thFrameworkProgramme.TheEuropeanUnionintendstoinvestatotalof1.4billioneurosinsecurityresearchbetween2007and2013.LanguageFocusTranslationbuilding-uptoargument?5.

Germanyhasasolidbasis,butnotyetanysystematicandstrategicresearchspecificallyfocusingoncivilprotection.Thissituationisabouttochange.Newinterdisciplinaryresearchcollaborationsarebeinglaunched,andtheGermangovernmenthasapprovedthecreationofthefirst-evercross-departmentalprogramofsecurityresearch.TheGermanresearchministryhassetaside123millioneurostofinancetheprogramoverthenextfouryears.NationalsecurityresearchalsofeaturesprominentlyintheGermangovernment’shigh-techstrategy.

6.Theincreasedneedforsecurityisonlyoneofthereasonsbehindthisextensivefunding.SafetyandsecuritysystemsarerapidlyLanguageFocusTranslationevidencestosupporttheargument?developingintoanimportantlineofbusinessforresearchandindustry.FrancoFrattini,theEUCommissionerforJustice,FreedomandSecurity,insiststhatEuropeshouldnotmerelybeaconsumerbutalsoaproducerofsuchtechnology.ThemarketforsecuritysystemsandassociatedservicesinGermanyalonewasworth10billioneurosin2005,andhasbeensteadilygrowingsince.Theworldwidegrowthrateliesataroundseventoeightpercent.“Oursocietyisvulnerabletoallmannerofviolentattacksbyextremistgroups.statesProfessorKlausThoma,chairmanoftheFraunhoferDefenseandSecurityAlliance,describingthepresent-daychallenges.Thebiggestthreatisthattocriticalinfrastructureandkeyresourcessuchasdrinkingwaterandelectricitysupplies,industrialplant,nuclearreactors,and

LanguageFocusTranslationtransportationandtelecommunicationnetworks.Breakdownsatsuchneuralgicpointscanhavedramaticconsequences,regardlessofwhethertheyarecausedbyhumanerror,terroristattacksornaturalforces.LanguageFocusTranslationpleaseuderlinethefirstandthelastlineofeachparagraphandexaminehowideasconnected?coordinatev:Meaning:tomakevariousdifferentthingsworkeffectivelyasawholeExamples:Weneedmorepowerfulpeopletocoordinatethewholecampaign.Anumberofcharityorganizationsarecoordiatingtheireffortstodistributefoodtotheregion.1.Sheilahasbeenaskedto

themarketingteam.2.

Sheilahasbeenasked

to

KevinandJason.

3.Sheilahasbeenaskedto

KevinandJason.4.Sheilahasbeenaskedto

themarketingteam.Completethesentenceswithwordsinthecolumn.Changetheformwhennecessary.

coordinate

coordinatewith

coordinatewithcoordinatecoordinatewithcoordinateproceedv:Meaning(par.1):(slightlyformal)tocontinueasplannedExamples:Hislawyershavemadeuptheirmindsnottoproceedwiththecase.PreparationsforChristmasarenowproceedingsmoothly.depositev:Meaning(par.2):tohavesomethingsomewhereExamples:Thefloodwatersfell,depositingmudoverthevillage.Thebusdepositedmemilesbeforemydestination.Theparrotdeposits(=puts)hereggsinotherbirds'nests.Idepositedmybackpackinalockeratthestation.stepupMeaning(par.2):toincreasethesize,amountorspeedofaprocessthatisintendedtoachievesomethingExamples:Thegovernmentissteppingupitseffortstofightcrime.Afterthebombexplosion,securityhasbeensteppedupateveryairport.draconiana:Meaning(par.3):describinglaws,governmentactions,etc.whichareextremelysevere;goingfurtherthanwhatisrightornecessaryExamples:draconianlaws/methodsHecriticizedthedraconianmeasurestakenbythepoliceindealingwiththedemonstrators.(Para.3)…andlastyear'sfortunatelyfoiled,plannedattacksontransatlanticflightsbyterroristscarryingliquidexplosives.Meaning:…fortunatelylastyear'splannedattackswithliquidexplosivesbyterroristswerepreventedfrombeingsuccessfullycarriedout.foilv:Meaning:topreventsomeoneorsomethingformbeingsuccessfulExamples:Theprisoners'attemptstoescapewasfoiledatthelastminutewhenpolicereceivedatip-off(asecretwarningorpieceofsecretinformation)(Para.3)…worldsecuritywasdominatedbythestandoffbetweentwomajormilitarypowers,NATOandtheWarsawPact.NowthattheColdWarisover,thismenacehasbeenreplacedbyamultiplicityoflesseasilydefinedthreats.Meaning:…ThesecuritywascontrolledbythecoldwarbetweenNATOandWarsawPact,i.e.thetwomilitarypowers.Asthecoldwarisovernow,thethreatwearefacingnowisbecomingdifficulttodefine.dominatev:Meaning:tohavecontroloveraplaceoraperson,ortobethemostimportantpersonorthingExamples:Herefusestoletothersspeakanddominateseverymeeting.Theyworkasagroup---nooneisallowedtodominate.

standoffn:Meaning:asituationinwhichneitheroftwoopposinggroupsorforceswillmakeamoveuntiltheotheronedoessomething,sonothingcanhappenuntiloneofthemgiveswayExamples:TheStateDepartmentwaswarningthatthiscouldleadtoanotherdiplomaticstand-off.

Thereisnosignofanendtothestand-offbetweenMohawkIndiansandtheQuebecprovincialpoliceamultiplicityof:Meaning:alargenumberorwiderange(ofsomething)Examples:Thereisamultiplicityoffashionmagazinestochoosefrom.Meaning(par.4):1.somethingthatyouthinkismoreimportantthanotherthingsandshouldbedealtwithfirst

Examples:ahigh/lowpriorityEducationisatoppriority.Financialsecuritywashighonhislistofpriorities.2.priority(oversomething)themostimportantplaceamongvariousthingsthathavetobedoneoramongagroupofpeopleSynonym:

precedenceClubmemberswillbegivenpriority.Thesearchforanewvaccinewilltakepriorityoverallothermedicalresearch.priorityn.Meaning(para.5):(slightlyformal)toincludesomeoneorsomethingasanimportantpart.Examples:ThefilmfeaturesJamesDeanasadisaffectedteenager.Thisweek’sbroadcastfeaturesareportonvictimsofdomesticviolence.It’sanAustraliancompanywhoselogofeaturesaredkangaroo.featuren.Meaning(para.6)thekindofjobsomeonedoesExamples:“Whatlineofworkareyouin?”“Iamateacher.”Youmeetsomeveryinterestingpeopleinmylineofbusiness.Linen.Breakdownsatsuchneuralgicpointscanhaveadramaticconsequences,regardlessofwhethertheyarecausedbyhumanerrors,terroristattacksornaturalforces.(Para.6)Meaning:Anyproblemsoccurredatthisimportantpointswillcausegreatconsequences,regardlessofwhethertheyarecausedbyhumanerrors,terroristattacksornaturalforces.neuralgicpoints:importantpoints,vulnerablepointsWordBuildingSuffix“-less”

usedtoformadjectivesmeaning“without”whenaddedtonounsandverbs.“-ate”formingadjectivesroughlyequivalenttocorrespondingpastprinciplesending;suffixofverbs.“-ary”adjectivesuffix,relatingto,connectedwith.“-ous”formingadjectives,characterizedby;ofthenatureofbyaddingtonouns,adjectives,andverbs.“-ful”formingadjectivesfromnouns,fullof,characterizedby,having,havingthequalitiesof,havingtheabilityortendencyto.

WordBuildingExercise1:(p.215)NounAdj.Noun/verbAdjhonorcollegiateelementconsiderstationaryillegitimatepricejoyvaluelessdangerworthpowerstationvaluecollegeillegitinacyhonoraryelementary

pricelessworthlesspowerfuldangerousjoyousconsideratecarecarelesssuccesssuccessfulTranslation:(Para.1)

1.滴滴滴，金屬探測器發現了一些可疑的東西。保安人員把等待飛機的乘客帶到一邊，準備進行身體檢查來搜尋藏匿的武器。“請把你的鞋子脫掉。穿制服的官員說道，接著開始認真地檢查乘客的黑色皮鞋。這時，等待通過安檢門的乘客的隊伍越來越長。每一位乘客都必須脫下外套、清空口袋里的零錢、錢包和鑰匙，甚至解掉褲子的皮帶。所有這些東西都存放在個塑料托盤里。然后，要求乘客打開行李箱，取出筆記本電腦，拿出裝有牙膏、沐浴露、洗發水、乳液等洗漱用品的透明塑料袋以供檢查。進行完所有這一切才能進行下一位乘客的檢查。日益重要的公共安全研究Translation:(Para.2&3)

2.飛機乘客都會注意到機場安檢在最近幾年已經大大加強了。自從2001年9月11日以及有人去年攜帶液體炸彈企圖襲擊大西洋航程的恐怖計劃被挫敗之后，美國政府當局和航空公司實行了更嚴格的管制。美國實行了更為嚴格的安全措施：現在任何想前往美國的旅客都必須留下指紋記錄。3.9/11事件是一個重大的轉折，它使得我們所面臨的威脅的性質發生了明顯的改變。20世紀下半葉，世界安全主要由兩大軍事力量

(北約和華約）來主導。現在冷戰已經結束，取而代之的是Translation:(Para.3&4)

難以界定的多重威脅。自殺式炸彈使得倫敦整個公交網絡癱瘓，洪水幾乎在地圖上抹去了新奧爾良

，SARS病毒（嚴重急性呼吸道綜合癥）以客機乘客為媒介在數小時內傳遍全球。當今社會必須學會保護自己以免遭受恐怖襲擊、工業事故以及流行病的打擊。當今的公共安全已經不僅僅需要單純的軍事行動，更需要的是加強民事保護措施。4.因運而生的是美國國土安全部。與此同時，美國明顯增加了安全研究及相關技術的支出。在歐洲，安全研究計劃也得到了更高等級的優先權，這成為歐盟第七框架計劃的重要組成部分。歐盟打算從2007到2013年在安全研究上投資14億歐元。Translation:(Para.5&6)

5.德國在這方面擁有堅實的基礎，雖然還沒有注重公民保護方面的系統性和戰略性的研究，但情況很快將會改變。德國開始著手跨學科的合作研究，德國政府已經批準創建首項跨部門安全研究計劃項目。德國研究部已經撥出1.23億歐元來資助未來4年的研究計劃。同時德國把國家安全研究作為德國政府的高科技戰略目標。6.對公共安全需求的增加只是這些巨資背后的原因之一。安全保障體系迅速發展成為重要的商業和工業研究領域。歐盟正義自由安全委員會委員弗朗科·弗拉蔕尼堅持認為歐洲不應僅僅只是Translation:(Paras.6)

消費集團，而且也應該是這些技術的制造者。僅在德國，安全系統和相關服務在2005年就有100億歐元的投資，而且現在還在穩步增長。在全球，公共安全研究增長率大約是7到8個百分點。德國國防和安全聯盟主席克勞斯·托馬教授在談到我們面臨的挑戰時說：“我們的社會很容易受到極端主義團伙的暴力襲擊。”最大的威脅是對像飲用水、電力供應、工業廠房、核反應堆以及交通和通訊網絡這樣的基礎設施和關鍵資源的打擊。無論這些危機是人為失誤、恐怖襲擊抑或自然災害造成的，在這些社會敏感點出了問題將會導致嚴重的后果。Post-readingActivitiesWatchthevideoclipentitled“AirlineBodyScannersFaulty?”anddothefollowingexercises.I.WatchandPracticeWordsandExpressionssophisticateda.精密的,高級的scann.掃瞄controversiala.有爭議的TSAn.美國運輸安全局pickupv.識別,發現detectv.發現Post-readingActivitiesI.WatchandPracticeGiveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1)HowdoestheUSA-madebodyscanmachinesdetecthiddenweaponsandexplosives?2)Arethesedeviceseffectiveorineffective?Andwhy?3)WhatdidTSAcommentaboutthebodyscanmachine?Post-readingActivitiesI.WatchandPracticeSuggestedanswers:1)Theyusedradiofrequenciestoscanforhiddenweaponsandexplosives.2)Ineffective.Becausetherearefalsealarms49%ofthetime,andthemachinescan'tdistinguishbetweenbodysweatexplosivesorthepleatsinatraveller'spantsandanunderwearbomb.3)Themachinesarethebestthey'vegotfornow.Andsincelastyear,thetechnologyhasdetectedmorethan300dangerousorillegalitemsonairportpassengers,fortunatelynoexplosives,mostlydrugsandknives.Post-readingActivitiesListentothereportandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhaveheard.II.ListeningPracticeWordsandExpressionscoalitionn.EncyclopediaWikipedian.lawsuitn.surveillancen.constitutionala.sweepupv.聯盟維基百科訴訟盯梢,監督憲法的清掃

Acoalitionoflegaladvocacyandhumanrights

intheUnitedStates,includingthe

oftheon-lineencyclopediaWikipediahavebroughtafederallawsuitagainstmasssurveillanceoperation

bythecountry'sintelligenceservices.GaryO'DonoghuereportsfromWashington."Thelawsuitallegesthatthe

violatedAmericans'constitutionalrighttofreedomofspeechbysweepingupalltext-based

inanattempttotrackterroristcommunications.ThefounderofWikipediaJimmyWalessaidsuchsurveillanceerodedtheoriginal

ofInternet,whichshedescribedasanopenspacefor

,andexperimentation,andaplace

fear.TheNSAisfacedaplatteroflegalcasesevensinceitsformercontractorEdwardSnowden

thousandsofdocuments

theAgency'sactivities.AspokesmanfortheJusticeDepartmentsaidonlythatitwasreviewingthecase."

Acoalitionoflegaladvocacyandhumanrightsgroups

intheUnitedStates,includingthe

founder

oftheon-lineencyclopediaWikipediahavebroughtafederallawsuitagainstmasssurveillanceoperations

carriedoutbythecountry'sintelligenceservices.GaryO'DonoghuereportsfromWashington."ThelawsuitallegesthattheNationalSecurityAgencyviolated

Americans'constitutionalrighttofreedomofspeechbysweepingupalltext-basedcommunications

inanattempttotrackterroristcommunications.ThefounderofWikipediaJimmyWalessaidsuchsurveillanceerodedtheoriginalpromise

ofInternet,whichshedescribedasanopenspacefor

collaboration,andexperimentation,andaplace

freefromfear.TheNSAisfacedaplatteroflegalcasesevensinceitsformercontractorEdwardSnowdenleaked

thousandsofdocumentsdetailing

theAgency'sactivities.AspokesmanfortheJusticeDepartmentsaidonlythatitwasreviewingthecase."Post-readingActivities

RolePlay(Argueoverpublicsecurityandprivacy)YouaresupposedtobeDepartmentofHomelandSecurity,civilian,pulicsecurerityresearcher,airportsecuritypersonnel,civilrightsactivists,etc.(10minutes)Thefollowingquestionsmighthelp:Wherewilllinesbedrawnforissuesregardingsecuritycheckandhumanrights?III.HorizenBroadeningPost-readingActivities

RolePlay(Argueoverpublicsecurityandprivacy)ShouldAmericansbeworriedabouttheNationalSecurityAgency's

DataCollection?Doyouthink

currentconcernoverterrorismjustifiedsacrificingprivacy?Whatisyourpositiononhowwouldonegoaboutfindingterrorists?Shouldgovernmentbeallowedtobemoreintrusiveinordertoprotectusfromtheterroristthreats?III.HorizenBroadeningPost-readingActivities

Video(inyoursparetime,pleasewatch)Citizenfour,Snowden,andtheSurveillanceState（"第四公民”：斯諾登直播'‘棱鏡門’始末）III.HorizenBroadeningQuizTranslation9/11事件之后，民事保護問題成為一個重要問題。現代社會面臨著更加復雜、更加難以界定的威脅：自殺式爆炸，恐怖襲擊，森林大火，颶風，水災及禽流感。因此，安檢儀器設備急待開發研究，以適應嚴峻的安全問題。歐美各國已投入大量資金，對安檢設備的研制進行財政支持。顯而易見，安全保障體系正在迅速發展成為重要的商業和工業的研究領域。KeyAfter9/11attack,civilprotectionhasbecomeanextremelyimportantissue.Oursocietiesareconfrontedwithmorecomplexandlesseasilydefinedthreatslikesuicidebombings,terroristattacks,forestfires,hurricanes,flooddisasters,avianflu.Therefore,itisaveryurgenttaskforustodevelopdevicesandequipmentforsecuritycontroltomeettheneedofsecurityissues.AmericaandEuropeancountries