PAGEPAGE5AotuCADThistutorialhasbeenpreparedforarchitecturestudentsattheFacultyoftheBuiltEnvironmentstudyingAutoCAD.IthasbeenplacedontheWebfindthematerialofuse!NotethatthroughoutthisdocumentIamusingthecharacter“↙”tosymbolizethe[Enter]and[spacebar]keys.StephenPeter,17July2005(8October1998).IntroductionThedrawingusedforthistutorialcomesfromClarkR.andM.Pause,“PrecedentsinArchitecture”,VNR1985,page135.Inthistutorialyouwilllearnhowtoeditgraphics(!)andaboutsettingmodelspacelimits.YouwilldrawasimpleplanbasedonFrankLloydWright’s1956(NewYork)GuggenheimMuseum.Pleasenotethatthedimensionsusedinthistutorialareneitheraccuratenorcorrect!Idon’thaveaccesstoanaccuratelydimensioneddrawingofthebuildingsoI’veguessedthedimensions…StartingAutoCADOnmycomputer,thebottom-leftcoordinatewas0,0,0andthetop-rightcoordinatewas514,296,0.StartAutoCAD,andthenmovethecursortothebottomleftofthescreen,youwillnotethecoordinates(onthestatusline)godowntonear0,0.IntheversionIamusingthedrawinglimitsaresettothesize(inmillimeters)ofanA3sheetofpaper(420,297).SettingtheLimitsandUnitsAlternatively,selectFormat-DrawingLimitsandthentypethenumbersshown.ItisnormalwhenusingAutoCADtodrawobjectsfullsize,soit’susuallynecessarytoresetthedrawinglimitsto(about)thesizeoftheobjectbeingdrawn(orinthecaseofabuildingthebuilding’ssite).Type:Limits0,0↙5000,5000↙Thissetsthedrawing“size”to50×50meters.Nextweneedtogetridofthe4decimalpoints!Select“Format-Unit…”,AutoCADwilldisplaythe“DrawingUnits”dialog.MakesureDecimalistheUnitssectionandDecimalDegreesintheAnglessection,theninunit’sPrecision,clickonthedownarrowbeside“0.000”andselect“0”,andfinallyselect“OK”.Thissetsthe“modelspace”dimensions.Toresetthedrawingviewtothewholeofthe(empty)drawing,selectthezoom-allicon,whichishidingunderthezoom-windowicon(onthezoomtoolbarisdisplay(ortype:z[space]A[space]).Movethecursoraroundnowandnotethatthecoordinatesarenowbiggernumbers!LettheDrawingBegin!!Thisshowsusthe“drawingarea”.Firstlydrawarectanglefrom0,0to50000,50000.“C”isthealiasforCIRCLE.Thendrawacircle,centeredat30000,24000witha6000radius.Selectcircle(ortype:c↙),thentype:30000,24000↙thecirclecentre6000↙thecircleradiusCentersnap:TogetAutoCADtodisplaytheObjectSnapModestoolbar,select“Toolbars”fromthe“View”menuandthenselect“ObjectSnap”.Nextyouwilldrawanothercircle,withthesamecenter,butwitha9500radius.Press:↙to“recall”thelastcommand.Selectthecentresnapmode(ortype:CEN↙),thenpickthefirstcircle(NOTthecentreofthecircle),thentype:9500↙thecircleradiusDrawtheBuilding“Wing”Nextdrawarectanglefromthecentreofthecirclesto39500,33500.Onceyouhavedonethatdrawanotherrectangletotherightofthelast,startat39500,24000andmaketherectangle1500×9500.YoumightfindthefollowingsectioneasierifyouturnobjectsnappingON(makesure“OSNAP”isINinthestatusarea).EndpointSnapMidpointSnapNowyouwilldrawanarcontheendofthelastrectangle(seefigure1).SelectDraw-arc-Start-Center-End,thenselecttheEndpointsnapmode(ortype:END↙)andselectthebottom-rightofthelastrectangle.ForthecentrepointoftheArc,selecttheMiddleSnapMode(ortype:MID↙)andselectthemiddleoftherightedgeofthelastrectangle.FortheendoftheArc,selecttheEndpointSnapModeandselectthetop-rightoftherectangle.SavethedrawingSavethedrawing:selectthesaveicon(ortype:QSAVE↙),ifyouarepromptedforadrawingname,selecttheappropriateDriveandDirectoryandtypeadrawingname(forexample:TUT2)andselect“OK”.Copy&RotatetheBuildingWingNowwewanttocopy&rotatethetworectanglesandthearc(3times),AuoCADprovidesthearraycommandtoachievethis.Thisarraycommandisusedtocopyoneormoreobjectsineitherarectangularorcircularpatternandwhenacircularpatternisusedtheobjectscanberotated;itcanbeanincrediblypowerfulcommand.SelectModify-Array,AutoCADwillpromptfortheobjectstobeselected:clickbelowandtotheleftofthebottom-leftcorneroftheleftrectangleandthenmovethemouseuntiltheselectionrectangleencloseshetworectanglesandthearc-thenclickthemousebutton(3objectsshouldbeselected).Thenpress↙toendtheselectionprocess.Centersnap:AfterselectingtheCentersnapmode,pickcircleNOTcenter!AutoCADwillthenpromptforthetypeofArrary-rectangularorpolar,type:p↙forpolar.ThenusetheCentresnapmodetoselectthecentreofthecircles.Thentype:4↙thenumberofitems(includingtheexisitingitem)↙accept360degrees↙accept“rotateascopied”ExplodingObjects!Forconvenience,inthefollowingsection,I’lltalkofthe“top-rightwing”andthe“bottom-rightwing”.Bythe“top-rightwing”Imeanthefirstrectanglesandarcthatyoudrew,andthe“bottom-rightwing”istherectanglesandarcinthebottom-rightcorner!!Nowweneedtoerasesomeofthelineswe’vedrawn.Whentherectanglecommandisusedtherectanglethatisdrawnisa“polyline”whichmeansthatallthelinesthatmakeuptheobjectarejoinedtogether,thelinesmustbe“exploded”beforeanypartsoftherectanglecanbeerased.Explode:Beawarethatexplodedoesnotappeartodoanything!Itdoesn’tsay-“yes,I’vedonethat”andthedisplaydoesn’tchange,butAutoCADwilldisplayanerrormessageiffailedtoexplodetheobjects.Selectexplodefromthemodifytoolbar(ortypex↙whichisthealiasfor“explode”)selectboththerectanglesinthe“top-rightcorner”andthenpress↙.IfAutoCADdoesn’tdisplayanyerrormessagesthentheexplodecommandworked!ErasingObjectsWeneedtodeletesomeextraneouslinesfromthedrawing…Selecterasefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:E↙).Clickontherightedgeoftheinnerrectangle(fromthe“top-fight”corner),andpress↙.AutoCADshouldautomaticallyredrawtheareaaroundtheerasedline.Nowweerasetheotherlinethere!Analternatewaytodeleteistoclickontheobjecttobedeletedandthenpressthekeyboard’s“Delete”key.Clickonthelineinthesameplaceandpress“Delete”.StretchingYourWingsNowyouneedtostretchthe“bottom-leftwing”andthenremovetheinnerlines.Stretch:The“c”tellsAutoCADthatyouwanta“crossing”window.Thenormalselectionwindowselectsonlythoseobjectswhollywithinthesectionwindow.Acrossingselectionwindowselectsobjectsthatarewhollyorpartlywithintheselectionwindow.Selectstretch(ortype:s↙whichisthealiasforstretch).Typec↙andthendrawaselectionwindowaroundtheareandthroughthesmallrectangle(seefigure4),press↙toterminatetheselectionprocess,clickwithleftmousebuttonneartheselectedobjects,andtype:@-10000,0↙(thisisthe“stretchdistance”).Ifthatworkedthebuildingwingshouldstretch10meters(totheleft).Ausefulshort-cuttoknowisthatifyoudrawaselectionrectangleleft-to-right(inthepositiveXdirection)AutoCADinterpretsitasa“window”selection;butifyoudrawtheselectionrectangleright-to-leftAuoCADinterpretsitasa“crossing”selection.[TipthankstoBarton]Explodeboththerectanglesinthe“bottom-leftwing”anderasetheverticallines,exceptthelinefromthecentreofthecircles.OnelastCircle…Thelastobjecttoaddisacircleinsidethearcofthe“bottom-leftwing”.Selectcircle(ortype:c↙).SelecttheCentersnapmode(ortype:CEN↙)andclickonthearc;thentype3600↙(thecircle’sradius).CircleCentersnapIt’salwaysworthsavingyourworkregularly!Selectsave（orpress“Ctrl+S”).MoreExplosionsandDeletions…Thedrawingisbasicallycompleted,allthatneedstobedoneistochangesomeoftheline-types!Select:explodefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:x↙),selectalltherectanglesattherectanglesatthecentreoftheoriginalcircles(useacrossingselectionwindow),andthepress↙.Thereare8linesgoingtothecentre(4are“covered”bytheothers).Youneedtoerase4ofthem,selecterasefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:E↙),thenclickoneachofthefourlinesandfinallypress↙.ExplodeAutoCADshoulddisplayamessagesayingthatsomeobjectscouldnotbeexploded-ignorethemessage-it’ssimplysayingthasomeoftherectangleshavealreadybeenexploded.EraseYoushouldnowbeabletoseethelinesthatwereunderthelinesyouerased!ChangingLineTypesBeforechangingsomeofthelinestodashedlines,weneedtoloadthelinetype(!).SelectFormat-Linetype…,thenselect“l(fā)oad…”.AutoCADwilldisplayalistoflinetypes,select“Hidden”(youwillneedtoscrollthroughthelist!),thenselect“OK”,thenselect“OK”againtodismissthe“SelectLinetype”dialogbox.Selectthe4linesgoingtothecirclecentreandthearcsinthe“top-left”and“top-right”wings(seefigure5),thenselectModify-Properties…,Adialogwiththepropertiesoftheselectedobjectsisdisplayed.ChangetheLinetypetoHIDDENandthelinetypeScaleto75anddismissthedialog.Theobjectsshouldberedrawnusingdashedlines.TheEnd!That’sallforthistutorial!SaveyourdrawingandthenexitAutoCAD.Remembertologoffbeforeleaving.TheUniversityofNewSouthwales·Sydney·AustraliaFacultyoftheBuiltEnvironment.

AutoCAD使用指南本指南為建筑學(xué)學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備了在學(xué)習(xí)AUTOCAD時建立環(huán)境的才干。它在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安置促進通入由那些學(xué)生而且因為我相信其它也許發(fā)現(xiàn)有用材料！注意在本文中使用字符“”代表[輸入]和[空鍵]鍵。斯蒂芬彼得，2005年7月17日（1998年10月8日）介紹用于本指南的圖畫來自ClarkR.和M.Pause，“先例在建筑學(xué)”，VNR1985,第135頁。在本指南您將學(xué)會如何編輯圖表（！）和關(guān)于設(shè)置模型空間極限。您將根據(jù)FrankLloydWright的1956年（紐約）Guggenheim博物館的一個簡單的計劃畫圖請注意：用于本指南的維度既不是準(zhǔn)確的也不是正確的！我不得以進入對大廈的一張準(zhǔn)確地被度量的圖畫，因此我猜測維度…開始AutoCAD在我的計算機，底部左座標(biāo)是0，0，0，并且上面正確的坐標(biāo)是514，296，0。開始AutoCAD,然后移動游標(biāo)向左下屏幕，您將注意坐標(biāo)（在狀態(tài)行）下來到近0，0。在版本我使用圖畫極限被設(shè)置到大小（在毫米）的A3紙片（420，297）。設(shè)置極限和單位二者擇一地，選擇格式圖畫極限然后鍵入顯示的數(shù)字。它是正常的，當(dāng)使用AutoCAD得出對象充分的大小時，如此重新設(shè)置圖畫極限到（關(guān)于）通常是必要的被畫的對象的大小（或在大廈情況下建筑工地）。類型：限制0，0這設(shè)置凹道“大小”到50x50米。50000，50000其次我們需要擺脫4小數(shù)點！選擇“格式單位”。AutoCAD將顯示“圖畫單位”對話。確定小數(shù)在單位部分和小數(shù)程度在角度部分被選擇，然后在單位的精確度，點擊下來箭頭在“0.0000旁邊”并且選擇“0”，并且選擇“好”如果坐標(biāo)在狀態(tài)區(qū)域沒有變成小數(shù)位，移動鼠標(biāo)！迅速縮放窗口的全部迅速縮放窗口的小窗口Z是別名（捷徑）為區(qū)域縮放。切記：[空格]和一樣的作用設(shè)置“式樣空間”緯度。重新設(shè)置工程圖視圖到（空的）圖的整體，選擇迅速縮放所有對象，哪些掩藏在迅速縮放窗口之下（在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具欄）拿著下來區(qū)域工具欄的其余然后顯示（或鍵入：Z[空格]A[空格]）。現(xiàn)在移動游標(biāo)并且注意坐標(biāo)現(xiàn)在是更大的數(shù)字！讓畫圖開始！！這顯示我們“繪圖區(qū)”首先從0，0得出長方形到5000，5000.“C”為circle(圓)的縮略。然后畫圈，集中在30000，24000與一條6000條半徑。選擇圈子（或鍵入：C）,然后類型：30000，24000圈子中心圈子半徑中心捕捉:要得到AutoCAD顯示對象捕捉方式工具欄，從“視圖”菜單選擇“工具欄”然后選擇“對象捕捉”。其次您將畫另一個圓，與同一個中心，但與一條9500條半徑。按回車：“召回”最后命令。選擇中心捕捉方式（或鍵入：CEN）,然后采摘第一個圈子（不是中心圈子），然后鍵入：9500圓的半徑畫大廈的“翼”下凹道一個長方形從圓的中心到39500，33500。提示：使用一個相對坐標(biāo)@1500,9500

一旦您做了在上一個的右邊畫出另一個長方形，以39500，24000開始并且做長方形1500x9500。您也許發(fā)現(xiàn)以下部分更加容易，如果您轉(zhuǎn)動對象攫取（確定“OSNAP”在狀態(tài)區(qū)域）。終點捕捉中點捕捉現(xiàn)在您在最后長方形的結(jié)尾將畫弧，選擇畫弧開始中心結(jié)束，然后選擇終點捕捉方式（或鍵入：結(jié)束）并且選擇底部正確最后長方形。為弧的中點，選擇中點捕捉方式（或鍵入：中間）和選擇最后長方形的正確的邊緣的中部。為弧的末端，選擇終點捕捉方式并且選擇上面正確長方形。保存圖畫保存保存圖畫：選擇保存像（或類型：QSAVE），如果您提示對于圖畫名字，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)尿?qū)動和目錄并且鍵入圖畫名字（例如：TUT2）和選擇“好”。拷貝復(fù)制&轉(zhuǎn)動大廈“翼”現(xiàn)在我們想要復(fù)制&轉(zhuǎn)動二個長方形和弧（3次），AutoCAD提供列陣命令達到此。陣列命令被用于復(fù)制或移動對象在或一個長方形或圓樣式是用途對象可能被轉(zhuǎn)動；這可能是一個難以置信地強有力的命令。選擇修改-陣列，AutoCAD提示對于對象被選擇：點擊左長方形左邊之下的底部左角落，然后移動鼠標(biāo)直到選擇長方形附寄二個長方形和弧，然后點擊鼠標(biāo)鍵（3個對象應(yīng)該被選擇）。然后按結(jié)束選擇過程。中心捕捉在選擇中心捕捉方式以后，捕捉圓而非圓心！AutoCAD然后提示選擇陣列類型：矩形或圓形，鍵入：P為圓形。然后使用中心捕捉方式選擇圓的中心。類型：4項目的數(shù)量（包括存在的項目）受理360度受理“轉(zhuǎn)動依照被復(fù)制”打碎對象！為了方便，在以下部分，我將談?wù)摗吧厦嬲_的翼”和“底部正確的翼”。由“上面正確的翼”我的意思是您得出的第一個長方形和弧。并且“底部正確的翼”是長方形和弧在底部正確的角落！！現(xiàn)在我們需要刪掉畫了的某些線。當(dāng)使用時拉長長方形的命令是意味著的“polyline”組成對象一起被加入的所有線，在可以刪掉之前，必須“打碎線”長方形的所有部分。打碎注意打碎藥量看上去不明顯！它不認為“是”，我做“并且顯示不改變”，如果它