PAGEPAGE5AotuCADThistutorialhasbeenpreparedforarchitecturestudentsattheFacultyoftheBuiltEnvironmentstudyingAutoCAD.IthasbeenplacedontheWebfindthematerialofuse!NotethatthroughoutthisdocumentIamusingthecharacter“↙”tosymbolizethe[Enter]and[spacebar]keys.StephenPeter,17July2005(8October1998).IntroductionThedrawingusedforthistutorialcomesfromClarkR.andM.Pause,“PrecedentsinArchitecture”,VNR1985,page135.Inthistutorialyouwilllearnhowtoeditgraphics(!)andaboutsettingmodelspacelimits.YouwilldrawasimpleplanbasedonFrankLloydWright’s1956(NewYork)GuggenheimMuseum.Pleasenotethatthedimensionsusedinthistutorialareneitheraccuratenorcorrect!Idon’thaveaccesstoanaccuratelydimensioneddrawingofthebuildingsoI’veguessedthedimensions…StartingAutoCADOnmycomputer,thebottom-leftcoordinatewas0,0,0andthetop-rightcoordinatewas514,296,0.StartAutoCAD,andthenmovethecursortothebottomleftofthescreen,youwillnotethecoordinates(onthestatusline)godowntonear0,0.IntheversionIamusingthedrawinglimitsaresettothesize(inmillimeters)ofanA3sheetofpaper(420,297).SettingtheLimitsandUnitsAlternatively,selectFormat-DrawingLimitsandthentypethenumbersshown.ItisnormalwhenusingAutoCADtodrawobjectsfullsize,soit’susuallynecessarytoresetthedrawinglimitsto(about)thesizeoftheobjectbeingdrawn(orinthecaseofabuildingthebuilding’ssite).Type:Limits0,0↙5000,5000↙Thissetsthedrawing“size”to50×50meters.Nextweneedtogetridofthe4decimalpoints!Select“Format-Unit…”,AutoCADwilldisplaythe“DrawingUnits”dialog.MakesureDecimalistheUnitssectionandDecimalDegreesintheAnglessection,theninunit’sPrecision,clickonthedownarrowbeside“0.000”andselect“0”,andfinallyselect“OK”.Thissetsthe“modelspace”dimensions.Toresetthedrawingviewtothewholeofthe(empty)drawing,selectthezoom-allicon,whichishidingunderthezoom-windowicon(onthezoomtoolbarisdisplay(ortype:z[space]A[space]).Movethecursoraroundnowandnotethatthecoordinatesarenowbiggernumbers!LettheDrawingBegin!!Thisshowsusthe“drawingarea”.Firstlydrawarectanglefrom0,0to50000,50000.“C”isthealiasforCIRCLE.Thendrawacircle,centeredat30000,24000witha6000radius.Selectcircle(ortype:c↙),thentype:30000,24000↙thecirclecentre6000↙thecircleradiusCentersnap:TogetAutoCADtodisplaytheObjectSnapModestoolbar,select“Toolbars”fromthe“View”menuandthenselect“ObjectSnap”.Nextyouwilldrawanothercircle,withthesamecenter,butwitha9500radius.Press:↙to“recall”thelastcommand.Selectthecentresnapmode(ortype:CEN↙),thenpickthefirstcircle(NOTthecentreofthecircle),thentype:9500↙thecircleradiusDrawtheBuilding“Wing”Nextdrawarectanglefromthecentreofthecirclesto39500,33500.Onceyouhavedonethatdrawanotherrectangletotherightofthelast,startat39500,24000andmaketherectangle1500×9500.YoumightfindthefollowingsectioneasierifyouturnobjectsnappingON(makesure“OSNAP”isINinthestatusarea).EndpointSnapMidpointSnapNowyouwilldrawanarcontheendofthelastrectangle(seefigure1).SelectDraw-arc-Start-Center-End,thenselecttheEndpointsnapmode(ortype:END↙)andselectthebottom-rightofthelastrectangle.ForthecentrepointoftheArc,selecttheMiddleSnapMode(ortype:MID↙)andselectthemiddleoftherightedgeofthelastrectangle.FortheendoftheArc,selecttheEndpointSnapModeandselectthetop-rightoftherectangle.SavethedrawingSavethedrawing:selectthesaveicon(ortype:QSAVE↙),ifyouarepromptedforadrawingname,selecttheappropriateDriveandDirectoryandtypeadrawingname(forexample:TUT2)andselect“OK”.Copy&RotatetheBuildingWingNowwewanttocopy&rotatethetworectanglesandthearc(3times),AuoCADprovidesthearraycommandtoachievethis.Thisarraycommandisusedtocopyoneormoreobjectsineitherarectangularorcircularpatternandwhenacircularpatternisusedtheobjectscanberotated;itcanbeanincrediblypowerfulcommand.SelectModify-Array,AutoCADwillpromptfortheobjectstobeselected:clickbelowandtotheleftofthebottom-leftcorneroftheleftrectangleandthenmovethemouseuntiltheselectionrectangleencloseshetworectanglesandthearc-thenclickthemousebutton(3objectsshouldbeselected).Thenpress↙toendtheselectionprocess.Centersnap:AfterselectingtheCentersnapmode,pickcircleNOTcenter!AutoCADwillthenpromptforthetypeofArrary-rectangularorpolar,type:p↙forpolar.ThenusetheCentresnapmodetoselectthecentreofthecircles.Thentype:4↙thenumberofitems(includingtheexisitingitem)↙accept360degrees↙accept“rotateascopied”ExplodingObjects!Forconvenience,inthefollowingsection,I’lltalkofthe“top-rightwing”andthe“bottom-rightwing”.Bythe“top-rightwing”Imeanthefirstrectanglesandarcthatyoudrew,andthe“bottom-rightwing”istherectanglesandarcinthebottom-rightcorner!!Nowweneedtoerasesomeofthelineswe’vedrawn.Whentherectanglecommandisusedtherectanglethatisdrawnisa“polyline”whichmeansthatallthelinesthatmakeuptheobjectarejoinedtogether,thelinesmustbe“exploded”beforeanypartsoftherectanglecanbeerased.Explode:Beawarethatexplodedoesnotappeartodoanything!Itdoesn’tsay-“yes,I’vedonethat”andthedisplaydoesn’tchange,butAutoCADwilldisplayanerrormessageiffailedtoexplodetheobjects.Selectexplodefromthemodifytoolbar(ortypex↙whichisthealiasfor“explode”)selectboththerectanglesinthe“top-rightcorner”andthenpress↙.IfAutoCADdoesn’tdisplayanyerrormessagesthentheexplodecommandworked!ErasingObjectsWeneedtodeletesomeextraneouslinesfromthedrawing…Selecterasefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:E↙).Clickontherightedgeoftheinnerrectangle(fromthe“top-fight”corner),andpress↙.AutoCADshouldautomaticallyredrawtheareaaroundtheerasedline.Nowweerasetheotherlinethere!Analternatewaytodeleteistoclickontheobjecttobedeletedandthenpressthekeyboard’s“Delete”key.Clickonthelineinthesameplaceandpress“Delete”.StretchingYourWingsNowyouneedtostretchthe“bottom-leftwing”andthenremovetheinnerlines.Stretch:The“c”tellsAutoCADthatyouwanta“crossing”window.Thenormalselectionwindowselectsonlythoseobjectswhollywithinthesectionwindow.Acrossingselectionwindowselectsobjectsthatarewhollyorpartlywithintheselectionwindow.Selectstretch(ortype:s↙whichisthealiasforstretch).Typec↙andthendrawaselectionwindowaroundtheareandthroughthesmallrectangle(seefigure4),press↙toterminatetheselectionprocess,clickwithleftmousebuttonneartheselectedobjects,andtype:@-10000,0↙(thisisthe“stretchdistance”).Ifthatworkedthebuildingwingshouldstretch10meters(totheleft).Ausefulshort-cuttoknowisthatifyoudrawaselectionrectangleleft-to-right(inthepositiveXdirection)AutoCADinterpretsitasa“window”selection;butifyoudrawtheselectionrectangleright-to-leftAuoCADinterpretsitasa“crossing”selection.[TipthankstoBarton]Explodeboththerectanglesinthe“bottom-leftwing”anderasetheverticallines,exceptthelinefromthecentreofthecircles.OnelastCircle…Thelastobjecttoaddisacircleinsidethearcofthe“bottom-leftwing”.Selectcircle(ortype:c↙).SelecttheCentersnapmode(ortype:CEN↙)andclickonthearc;thentype3600↙(thecircle’sradius).CircleCentersnapIt’salwaysworthsavingyourworkregularly!Selectsave（orpress“Ctrl+S”).MoreExplosionsandDeletions…Thedrawingisbasicallycompleted,allthatneedstobedoneistochangesomeoftheline-types!Select:explodefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:x↙),selectalltherectanglesattherectanglesatthecentreoftheoriginalcircles(useacrossingselectionwindow),andthepress↙.Thereare8linesgoingtothecentre(4are“covered”bytheothers).Youneedtoerase4ofthem,selecterasefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:E↙),thenclickoneachofthefourlinesandfinallypress↙.ExplodeAutoCADshoulddisplayamessagesayingthatsomeobjectscouldnotbeexploded-ignorethemessage-it’ssimplysayingthasomeoftherectangleshavealreadybeenexploded.EraseYoushouldnowbeabletoseethelinesthatwereunderthelinesyouerased!ChangingLineTypesBeforechangingsomeofthelinestodashedlines,weneedtoloadthelinetype(!).SelectFormat-Linetype…,thenselect“l(fā)oad…”.AutoCADwilldisplayalistoflinetypes,select“Hidden”(youwillneedtoscrollthroughthelist!),thenselect“OK”,thenselect“OK”againtodismissthe“SelectLinetype”dialogbox.Selectthe4linesgoingtothecirclecentreandthearcsinthe“top-left”and“top-right”wings(seefigure5),thenselectModify-Properties…,Adialogwiththepropertiesoftheselectedobjectsisdisplayed.ChangetheLinetypetoHIDDENandthelinetypeScaleto75anddismissthedialog.Theobjectsshouldberedrawnusingdashedlines.TheEnd!That’sallforthistutorial!SaveyourdrawingandthenexitAutoCAD.Remembertologoffbeforeleaving.TheUniversityofNewSouthwales·Sydney·AustraliaFacultyoftheBuiltEnvironment.

AutoCAD使用指南本指南為建筑學學生準備了在學習AUTOCAD時建立環(huán)境的才干。它在網(wǎng)絡安置促進通入由那些學生而且因為我相信其它也許發(fā)現(xiàn)有用材料！注意在本文中使用字符“”代表[輸入]和[空鍵]鍵。斯蒂芬彼得，2005年7月17日（1998年10月8日）介紹用于本指南的圖畫來自ClarkR.和M.Pause，“先例在建筑學”，VNR1985,第135頁。在本指南您將學會如何編輯圖表（！）和關于設置模型空間極限。您將根據(jù)FrankLloydWright的1956年（紐約）Guggenheim博物館的一個簡單的計劃畫圖請注意：用于本指南的維度既不是準確的也不是正確的！我不得以進入對大廈的一張準確地被度量的圖畫，因此我猜測維度…開始AutoCAD在我的計算機，底部左座標是0，0，0，并且上面正確的坐標是514，296，0。開始AutoCAD,然后移動游標向左下屏幕，您將注意坐標（在狀態(tài)行）下來到近0，0。在版本我使用圖畫極限被設置到大小（在毫米）的A3紙片（420，297）。設置極限和單位二者擇一地，選擇格式圖畫極限然后鍵入顯示的數(shù)字。它是正常的，當使用AutoCAD得出對象充分的大小時，如此重新設置圖畫極限到（關于）通常是必要的被畫的對象的大小（或在大廈情況下建筑工地）。類型：限制0，0這設置凹道“大小”到50x50米。50000，50000其次我們需要擺脫4小數(shù)點！選擇“格式單位”。AutoCAD將顯示“圖畫單位”對話。確定小數(shù)在單位部分和小數(shù)程度在角度部分被選擇，然后在單位的精確度，點擊下來箭頭在“0.0000旁邊”并且選擇“0”，并且選擇“好”如果坐標在狀態(tài)區(qū)域沒有變成小數(shù)位，移動鼠標！迅速縮放窗口的全部迅速縮放窗口的小窗口Z是別名（捷徑）為區(qū)域縮放。切記：[空格]和一樣的作用設置“式樣空間”緯度。重新設置工程圖視圖到（空的）圖的整體，選擇迅速縮放所有對象，哪些掩藏在迅速縮放窗口之下（在標準工具欄）拿著下來區(qū)域工具欄的其余然后顯示（或鍵入：Z[空格]A[空格]）。現(xiàn)在移動游標并且注意坐標現(xiàn)在是更大的數(shù)字！讓畫圖開始！！這顯示我們“繪圖區(qū)”首先從0，0得出長方形到5000，5000.“C”為circle(圓)的縮略。然后畫圈，集中在30000，24000與一條6000條半徑。選擇圈子（或鍵入：C）,然后類型：30000，24000圈子中心圈子半徑中心捕捉:要得到AutoCAD顯示對象捕捉方式工具欄，從“視圖”菜單選擇“工具欄”然后選擇“對象捕捉”。其次您將畫另一個圓，與同一個中心，但與一條9500條半徑。按回車：“召回”最后命令。選擇中心捕捉方式（或鍵入：CEN）,然后采摘第一個圈子（不是中心圈子），然后鍵入：9500圓的半徑畫大廈的“翼”下凹道一個長方形從圓的中心到39500，33500。提示：使用一個相對坐標@1500,9500

一旦您做了在上一個的右邊畫出另一個長方形，以39500，24000開始并且做長方形1500x9500。您也許發(fā)現(xiàn)以下部分更加容易，如果您轉動對象攫取（確定“OSNAP”在狀態(tài)區(qū)域）。終點捕捉中點捕捉現(xiàn)在您在最后長方形的結尾將畫弧，選擇畫弧開始中心結束，然后選擇終點捕捉方式（或鍵入：結束）并且選擇底部正確最后長方形。為弧的中點，選擇中點捕捉方式（或鍵入：中間）和選擇最后長方形的正確的邊緣的中部。為弧的末端，選擇終點捕捉方式并且選擇上面正確長方形。保存圖畫保存保存圖畫：選擇保存像（或類型：QSAVE），如果您提示對于圖畫名字，選擇適當?shù)尿寗雍湍夸洸⑶益I入圖畫名字（例如：TUT2）和選擇“好”。拷貝復制&轉動大廈“翼”現(xiàn)在我們想要復制&轉動二個長方形和弧（3次），AutoCAD提供列陣命令達到此。陣列命令被用于復制或移動對象在或一個長方形或圓樣式是用途對象可能被轉動；這可能是一個難以置信地強有力的命令。選擇修改-陣列，AutoCAD提示對于對象被選擇：點擊左長方形左邊之下的底部左角落，然后移動鼠標直到選擇長方形附寄二個長方形和弧，然后點擊鼠標鍵（3個對象應該被選擇）。然后按結束選擇過程。中心捕捉在選擇中心捕捉方式以后，捕捉圓而非圓心！AutoCAD然后提示選擇陣列類型：矩形或圓形，鍵入：P為圓形。然后使用中心捕捉方式選擇圓的中心。類型：4項目的數(shù)量（包括存在的項目）受理360度受理“轉動依照被復制”打碎對象！為了方便，在以下部分，我將談論“上面正確的翼”和“底部正確的翼”。由“上面正確的翼”我的意思是您得出的第一個長方形和弧。并且“底部正確的翼”是長方形和弧在底部正確的角落！！現(xiàn)在我們需要刪掉畫了的某些線。當使用時拉長長方形的命令是意味著的“polyline”組成對象一起被加入的所有線，在可以刪掉之前，必須“打碎線”長方形的所有部分。打碎注意打碎藥量看上去不明顯！它不認為“是”，我做“并且顯示不改變”，如果它