2023年自考類英語自考外語教學法歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.AccordingtoSchumann,______distanceiscreatedbytherelationsbetweenthelearnerandmembersofthetargetsocialgroup.2.ThegeneralobjectiveoftheAudiolingualMethodistoenablethestudentstousethetargetlanguage______.3.By______SchumannandAndersonmeantthatindividualsofoneculturehavetogothroughtheprocessofmodificationinattitudes,knowledge,andbehaviorinordertofunctionwellinanotherculture.4.WhatcanbeintroducedasameansofconsolidationandevaluationintheDirectMethod?A.Fill-in-the-blank.B.Dictation.C.Writing.D.Reading.5.CommentonthefourprinciplesofcognitivismformulatedbyDiller.6.WhatprocedureswerefollowedbytheELTmethodinthelate19thcenturyandwhatwerethemajorfeaturesofthemethodusedinthe1950sand1960sinChina?7.WhatisthecharacteristicoftheinstructionalmaterialsintheAudiolingualMethod?8.TheviewthatlanguageisprimarilywhatisspokenandonlysecondarilywhatiswrittenofferedthefoundationsfortheAudiolingualMethodinlanguageteachinginwhich______wasgivenapriority.9.Howwouldyouusethetwoconcepts—acquisitionandlearninginthemonitorhypothesis—inyourteachingofEnglish?10.AccordingtoHalliday,aBritishlinguist,socialcontextoflanguageusecanbeanalyzedintermsofthreefactors:______ofdiscourse.A.therange,lengthandcontentB.thesituation,contextandmodeC.thefield,tenorandmodeD.thecontext,contentandfield11.Pattern______isthecenterofpracticeinanAudiolingualMethodclassroom,forsentencepatternsarethebasisoflanguage.12.AnOralApproachtextbookcontainstightlyorganizedlessonsplannedarounddifferent______andlanguagepoints.A.vocabularyB.sentencepatternsC.grammaticalstructuresD.passages13.WhydowecalltheCognitiveApproachthemodernversionoftheGrammar-TranslationMethod?14.TheAudiolingualismdevelopedfromtheAudiolingualMethodfirstadoptedformilitarypurposesintheSecondWorldWarwasformedbythe______.A.mid-1950sB.late1950sC.mid-1940sD.late1940s15.TheAudiolingualMethodinsistsonaccuracyofsentencepatternsanditsattitudetowardsstudents'language______isnegative.A.responseB.performanceC.reproductionD.error16.Hatchputforwardthe______theoryinthelate1970s.A.monitorB.discourseC.cognitiveD.acculturation17.TheDirectMethodologistsbelievethatthebestmethodofteachingmeaningistheoneusing______experience,generallyvisualperception.18.Hallidayclaimedthatlanguagehasformalmeaningand______meaning.19.Americanstructuralismstartedin______.A.theearly20thcenturyB.thelate20thcenturyC.theearly19thcenturyD.thelate1930sand40s20.______startedthefirsttrainingcourseforteachersofEnglishasaforeignlanguagein1932.A.MichaelWestB.LawrenceFaucettC.HaroldPalmerD.Ｃ.Ｅ.Eckersley21.Whichmethodorapproachmentionsthatvocabularyplayedoneofthemostimportantrolesinforeignlanguagelearning,andlearnersshouldlearnthemostfrequentlyusedwords?______.A.OralApproachB.CognitiveApproachC.Grammar-TranslationMethodD.NaturalApproach22.AccordingtoPiaget,______istheprocessbywhichwemodifywhatwealreadyknowtotakeintoaccountnewinformation.23.IntheOralApproachlanguageteachingbeginswiththe______language.24.The______methodcouldbedescribedas"appropriategroupingandconcentration;repeatedspiralingreinforcement;readingbooksintheoriginalandindividualizedinstruction".A.DualActivityB.ASSRFC.ZhangSizhongD.Leveled25.______wasthefirstonethathelpedtomakeaprofessiontheteachingofEnglishasasecond/foreignlanguageandbecamewell-knownintheworldbecauseofhisresearchontheprofession.A.DanielJonesB.HaroldPalmerC.MichaelWestD.LawrenceFaucett26.IsthereanythinginAudiolingualMethodyoufindusefulinyourteaching?Whyorwhynot?27.ThetwoforerunnersofAmericanstructuralismare______.A.FranzBoasandEdwardSapirB.FranzBoasandLeonardBloomfieldC.JohnWatsonandLeonardBloomfieldD.EdwardSapirandJohnWatson28.WhatarethemaincharacteristicsoftheOralApproach?AndwhatisthemaindifferencebetweenthisApproachandtheDirectMethod?29.MostschoolsoftheCommunicativeApproachsharetheviewthatlanguageisusedforcommunication,andtheyareprimarilyconcernedwiththe______ratherthanthestructure.A.communicationB.meaningC.interactionD.participants30.TheDualActivityMethod,proposedby______,putsforeignlanguageteachinginamacro-communicativeframeworkandspecifiessixduality.A.WangCairenB.ZhangSizhongC.ZhangJianzhongD.HaoYouming31.Inthe______Approach,theteachercreatesspeecheswhichenablestudentstointeractusingthetargetlanguage.Studentsarenotforcedtorespondinthetargetlanguageimmediately.32.WhatarethedisadvantagesoftheDirectMethod?33.TheTotalPhysicalResponsewasdevelopedby______.A.JamesAsherB.CalebGattegnoC.CharlesCurrenD.GeorgiLozanov34.Kellymadeacleardistinctionbetweenmeaningfuland______learningactivities.35.Isdialogueausefulwaytointroducenewmaterial?Whyorwhynot?36.TheSilentWayisbasedontheprinciplethatsuccessfullearninginvolvescommitmentoftheserftolanguageacquisitionthroughtheuseofsilent______andthenactivetrial.37.IntheGrammar-TranslationMethod,theteachingmaterialsarearrangedaccordingtoa______system.A.languageB.contentC.logicD.grammar38.Whatdoestheterm"informationgap"mean?39.Themainformoflearningshouldbe______intheCognitiveApproachsincethelearneristhecenterofclassroomteaching.A.languagepresentationB.languagepracticeC.languageexplanationD.languageacquisition40.WhataretheobjectivesoflanguageteachingaccordingtotheAudiolingualMethod?41.Inthe______Approach,classtimeisdevotedprimarilytoprovidinginputforacquisition;theteacherspeaksonlythetargetlanguage,studentsmayuseeitherL1,orL2;errorsarecorrected.42.ComparativeHistoricalLinguisticsbelievedthatalllanguages______fromonelanguageandwereruledbyacommongrammar.43.InGrammar-TranslationMethod,thefirstlanguageismaintainedasthe______systeminthelearningofthesecondlanguage.44.Oneofthestudyareasinpragmaticsishowutterancesareaffectedbytherelationshipbetween______.A.thespeakersB.thehearersC.thereaderandthewriterD.thespeakerandthehearer45.The______Approachbelievesthatmistakesareunavoidableinthecreativeuseoflanguage,andstudents'mistakesareanecessaryandnatural______.46.D.A.Wilkinswastheforefatherofthe______Syllabusbasedoncommunicativecriteria.47.AccordingtoGestaltpsychology,peopletendtoperceiveobjectsandscenesasorganized______firstandthentheircomponentparts.48.WhataretheprinciplesandconsequencesoftheReformMovement?49.IntheDirectMethod,themostfrequentlyusedtechniquesofconsolidatingwhathasbeenpresentedandpracticedare______,purposefultasksandgradedcomposition.50.WhatconditionsareneededifyouwanttoapplytheAudiolingualMethodinyourteaching?第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：social[解析]Schumann是文化適應理論的代表，文化適應成功的程度與社會距離(socialdistance)和心理距離(psychologicaldistance)有關。其中，社會距離由學習者與目標語社會群里的關系決定。2.參考答案：communicatively[解析]聽說法的基本目標就是讓學生能夠在交際中使用目標語。3.參考答案：acculturation[解析]美國的舒曼(Schumann)和安德森(Anderson)提出了文化認同說(acculturation)。他們的文化認同說的意思是，一種文化的成員要想在另一種文化中行動自如，他們就得改變自己的態度、知識結構和行為舉止。4.參考答案：C[解析]在直接法教學中，寫作是被用來鞏固和評估所學內容的一種手段。5.參考答案：Diller'sfirstprinciplethatalivinglanguageischaracterizedbyrule-governedcreativityimpliestheteachingofalanguageasaconsciouslylearntsystem.Thesecondprincipleisthattherulesofgrammararepsychologicallyreal.Therulesofanewlanguagearebestlearntinconjunctionwithdemonstrationandpractice.Fromthetwoprinciplesabovewemustinsistthatthelearneristhecentreoflanguageteachingandlanguagepracticeisthemainformofclassroomteaching.Thethirdisthatmanisespeciallyequippedtolearnlanguagesandlearninglanguageisahumancharacteristic.Fromthisprinciplewecandrawaconclusionthatlanguagelearningoccursatanytimeinlifeinasituationofmeaningfuluse.

Weshouldtakeabroadviewofeducationofthewholeperson(lifelongeducation).Thelastprincipleisthatalivinglanguageisalanguageinwhichwecanthinkanditisboundupwithmeaningandthinking.Weshouldemphasizelanguageunderstanding,meaningfullearningandmeaningfulpracticeduringtheentirelearningprocess.6.參考答案：EnglishteachingbeganinChinainthe19thcenturywhenforeignmissionariescametoChina.ThemethodoflearningandteachingEnglishthenfollowedthepatternpresentedbelow:

(1)Recitation:Studentsrecitedthelessontaughtthepreviousday.

(2)Questionsandanswers:TeacheraskedquestionsinChinese,studentsansweredinEnglish.

(3)Writingpractice:Studentswritefrommemorythelessontaught.

(4)Presentation:Teacherpresentedthenewlesson;studentslistenedandpractisedspokenEnglish.

(5)Spellingpractice:Thiswasdoneafterclass.

(6)Sentencemaking:Thisbeganafterhalfayear'slearningwhenstudentswereexpectedtohavelearnedsomevocabulary.Studentspractisedtranslatingsentencesandteachercorrectedthem.AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,peoplecametorealizetheimportanceofaforeignlanguageintheeducationofprofessionalsandinthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Aforeignlanguagewasconsideredoneofthebasiccomponentsofsecondaryeducation.Butinthe1950sand1960sRussianbecamethemainforeignlanguagetaught.TheRussianmethodologicalprincipleswere"three-centered":classroom-centered,teacher-centeredandtextbook-centered.Accordingtotheseprinciples,intheclassroom,theteacherswereimpartingknowledge,whichthestudentspassivelytookin.7.參考答案：MaterialsintheAudiolingualMethodareprimarilyteacher-oriented.8.參考答案：speech/speaking[解析]語言主要是講的語言，其次才是寫的語言，這種觀點為聽說法提供了基礎，在聽說法的語言教學中被優先考慮。9.參考答案：Acquisitionandlearningperformdifferentfunctionsincommunication.Theformerisresponsibleforthefluencyofspeech,whilethelatterisresponsiblefortheaccuracy.Therefore,sincethemajorpurposeofteachingEnglishisforcommunication,weshouldlayemphasisonacquisitionand,ofcoursewithdueattentiontolearning.10.參考答案：C[解析]韓禮德認為語言使用的社會語境可以從以下三個方面進行分析：話語范圍(field)、大概意識(tenor)、方式(mode)。11.參考答案：drill[解析]句型操練是聽說教學法的核心。因為句型是語言的基礎，通過操練組成某種語言的句型，可幫助學生形成語言習慣。12.參考答案：C[解析]口語教學法除強調教師的作用外，還強調課本的作用。教材里的每一課是圍繞著不同的語法結構和語言點周密計劃、精心安排的，它是學習過程中的向導。13.參考答案：BecausetheCognitiveApproachrediscoveredvaluablefeaturesinGrammar-TranslationMethodwhichemphasizestheimportanceofknowledgeaboutlanguagerules.14.參考答案：A[解析]聽說法“二戰”時期在美國興起，發展到20世紀50年代中期形成聽說主義(Audiolingualism)。15.參考答案：D[解析]聽說法堅持學生要對句子結構作準確的復述，其對待學生學習過程中產生的語言錯誤的態度是消極的。16.參考答案：B[解析]話語交際說(DiscourseTheory)，哈奇Hatch(1978)的話語理論認為。學習者可以通過參加對話交談來發展自己對目的語結構形式的認識，學習者只有通過接受語言輸入才能學習語言.話語理論認為，在自然環境中，這種語言輸入部分地是由學習者自己決定的。選項A自我監測模式是克拉申提出的，他認為習得與學習在交際活動中所起的作用是有區別的。選項C認知說是由麥克勞林(Mclaughlin)于20世紀80年代初提出的，認為應把學習第二語言視為是學習復雜的認識技巧。選項D文化認同說產生于20世紀70年代末，是由美國的舒曼(Schumann)和安德森(Anderson)提出的，指的是一種文化的成員要想在另一種文化之中行動自如，他們就得改變自己的態度、知識結構和行為舉止。17.參考答案：sensory[解析]科梅尼爾把直接法(DirectMethod)的理論概括為以下兩點：(1)學生通過歸納途徑習得語法規則。(2)教語義的最好方法是利用學生的感官體驗(Sensoryexperience)，一般是視覺概念。18.參考答案：contextual[解析]Halliday早在1961年指出，語言包括形式意義(formalmeaning)和語境意義(contextualmeaning)。19.參考答案：A[解析]傳統語言學興起于早在公元前5世紀，美國結構主義語言學始于20世紀初，流行于20世紀30年代和40年代，20世紀60年代喬姆斯基創立了轉換生成語言學，同時代功能語言學派也興盛起來，至今轉換生成語言學和功能語言學是世界兩大語言學陣營。20.參考答案：B[解析]1932年，LawrenceFaucett首次創辦英語作為外語教學的教師培訓課程。21.參考答案：A[解析]口語法的倡導者Palmer等語言學家強調詞匯在外語學習中的重要作用，認為學習者應該學習使用頻率最高的詞匯。頻率統計顯示日常生活中常用詞匯為2000個。22.參考答案：accommodation[解析]按照皮亞杰的觀點，適應是根據新信息修改我們已知信息的過程。23.參考答案：spoken[解析]口語教學法認為，語言教學從口語開始，強調語言材料在以書面形式出現之前應該先用口語方式教授。24.參考答案：C[解析]張思中教學法的十六字方針是“適當集中，反復循環，閱讀原著和因材施教”。25.參考答案：A[解析]丹尼爾·瓊斯是使英語作為外語教學成為一種職業的第一人物，1918年他的《英語語音學綱要》(OutlineofEnglishPhonetics)是英語語音學方面的專著之一。26.參考答案：Yes,therearemanyusefulthingswecanlearnfromtheAudiolingualMethod.

(1)Itstateslanguageisastructuralsystemandrulegoverned.Iflanguagelearningwereorganizedaccordingtoitsstructure,languagelearningwouldbeeasier,especiallytoadultlearners.

(2)TheAudiolingualMethodconsiderslanguageabilitymadeupoffourskillsandtheseskillscanbetaughtseparately.Sincethenaturalorderofskillacquisitionislistening,speaking,readingandwriting,theMethodgivestheprimarystresstothefirsttwoofthefourskills.Speechismorebasictolanguagethanthewrittenform,andlisteningandspeakingarethebasicformofverbalcommunication.Intheclassroom,thelanguageskillsaretaughtintheorderoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting.

(3)UsingpatterndrillsisthecenterofpracticeinAudiolingualMethod.Itcanhelpstudentsnotonlygaincontrolovergrammaticalstructures,butalsodeveloptheiroralability.

(4)TheAudiolingualMethodalsoprovideslanguageteacherswithmanyusefultechniques.Thesimpledrillingtechniquesprovidevaried,gradedandintensivepracticeofspecificfeaturesofthelanguage.Thesimpleanddirectapproachisespeciallyappropriateforyoungstudentsandlessgiftedones.Moreover,theteachingtechniqueswithtaperecordingsandlanguagelabdrillsofferpracticeinspeakingandlisteningwhichareconsideredofprimaryimportanceinlanguagelearning.27.參考答案：A[解析]選項中提到的四個人均是美國形式主義的代表，但是兩位先驅是研究美國印第安人語言的人類學家FranzBoas和EdwardSapir。28.參考答案：ThemaincharacteristicsoftheOralApproachareasfollows:(1)Languageteachingbeginswiththespokenlanguage.Materialistaughtorallybeforeitispresentedinthewrittenform.(2)Thetargetlanguageisthelanguageofclassroom.Translationshouldbeavoided.(3)Newlanguagepointsareintroducedandpractisedsituationally.(4)Vocabularyselectionproceduresarefollowedtoensurethatcommoncorewordsarecovered.(5)Simpleformsofgrammararetaughtbeforecomplexones,andinductively.(6)Readingandwritingareintroducedonceasufficientlexicalandgrammaticalbasisisestablished.TheOralApproachinsiststhenewlanguagepointsbetaughtsituationally.TheDirectMethodholdsthemeaningsandthetargetlanguageshouldbeassociateddirectlywithoutreferringtostudents'sfirstlanguage.29.參考答案：B[解析]大部分主張交際法(theCommunicativeApproach)的人士都認為，語言是用來交際的，因而更要重視意義(meaning)，而不是結構(structure)。30.參考答案：A[解析]雙重活動教學法(DAM)是由我國著名英語教育專家王才仁提出的教學法。31.參考答案：Natural[解析]語言輸入豐富的課堂教學是自然法的一大優勢，教師的主要任務是創造出大量的語言材料讓學生接觸，使學生開始用目標語進行交流，并開始語言習得的進程。教師提供給學生大量的語言輸入時，并不迫使學生很快地用目標語做出反應。32.參考答案：①Overemphasizingonthesimilaritiesbetweennaturalisticfirstlanguageacquisitionandclassroomforeignlanguagelearningresultsintheexclusiveuseofthetargetlanguage.TheabsoluteavoidanceofthenativetongueoccasionallytroublestheDirectMethodinteachingthemeaningofabstractconcepts.

②Withoutexplicitgrammarexplanation,studentslacknecessaryknowledgeofthetargetlanguage.Asaresult,theytendtoproduceutterancewithalotofgrammaticalmistakesinthem.

③TheDirectMethodplacesahighdemandontheteacher.Itrequiresnative-speakerteachersorteacherswhohavenative-speaker-likefluencyinthetargetlanguage.33.參考答案：A[解析]全身反應法是JamesAsher開創的教學法。34.參考答案：meaningless[解析]臨床心理學家凱利(Kelly)和其他教育心理學家明確區分了有意義的學習活動和一無意義的學習活動。35.參考答案：Yes,dialogueisausefulwaytointroducenewmaterial.Dialoguescanprovideanaturalcontextorthelanguageformsaslongasitisfromrealcommunication,noartificiallyexpressed.Dialoguesshowthelearnerhowlanguageisusedinreallanguageinteraction,andtheycanbegoodmodelsoforalcommunication.Dialoguesarealsobelievedtoreflecttheculturalaspectsofthetargetlanguage.Certainsentencepatternsandgrammarpointsareincludedwithinthedialogue.Thesepatternsandpointsarelaterpractisedindrillsbasedonthelineofthedialogue.36.參考答案：awareness[解析]沉默法基于這樣一個原則：成功的學習需要學習者對語言習得的投入，首先是沉思的意識，然后是積極主動的試用。37.參考答案：D[解析]語法翻譯法強調講授第二語言語法，語法是外語課堂教學的主要內容。教材內容是根據語法體系來安排的。38.參考答案：Theinformationgapexistswhenonepersonintheexchangeknowssomethingthattheotherpersondoesn'tknowandhewantstoknow.39.參考答案：B[解析]認知法認為學習者是課堂教學的中心，因此語言學習的主要形式應該是語言實踐(languagepractice)。課堂應該給學生提供更多的練習目標語的機會，教師不僅僅是傳授學生語言知識和技巧，更重要的是培養學生自學的能力。40.參考答案：TheobjectivesoflanguageteachingaccordingtotheAudiolingualMethodaretohelpstudentstohave:①accuratepronunciation;②c