2021高考英語復習專題-定語從句?定語從句的考查要點1．功能：相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。2．位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands，please.3．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some,any,every和no與body,thing的合成詞；或all,none,any,some,that,those等代詞。數詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。4．關系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關系詞。關系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as等關系副詞：when,where,why等5．確定關系詞的步驟：(1)先找先行詞,看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看關系詞在從句中所充當的成分。注意：先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。(1)先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數由先行詞而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.6．在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which：(1)當先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,few等修飾時。⑶先行詞為all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代詞時。(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行詞在主句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.⑹當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?.宜用which而不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從句中。(2)在關系詞前有介詞時。⑶當先行詞本身是that時。(4)關系詞后有插入語時。.關系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞。(1)當主句是therebe句型時，關系詞用who。(2)先行詞是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等詞時，關系詞用who。⑶當主句是who作疑問詞時，關系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。.whose作關系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom，whosewindowfacestheriver..關系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。⑴先行詞被such和thesame修飾，或句型asmany(much)中，從句都用as引導。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：①such.?.that...引導結果狀語從句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch。②thesame...that...弓［導定語從句。如：Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow?⑵無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。區別：①意義上：as含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as從句可置句首，也可在另處。Hedidn’tpasstheexam，aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow，whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown，theearthisround.題組訓練1用適當的關系代詞填空1．Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimagination.2．TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaTshirt，whichisastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.3．Ihavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.4．Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，theconstructionofwhichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.5．Thisistheonlywaythatwecanfindatpresent.6．ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop..關系副詞when與where,why,thatwhen指時間=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地點=in/at/fromwhichwhy指原因=forwhichthat可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when,where,why和“介詞+which”引導的定語從句，修飾的先行詞常為theway，thetime，theday，theplace等，在口語中that常被省略。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.題組訓練2用適當的關系副詞填空1．Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval，whentheaudiencecanbuyicecream.2．Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator，whereitwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.3．Canyouworkoutaway(that/in_which)_wecansolvethisproblem.4．Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.5．Ididn’tknowthereason(why)hecamelate.12．必須注意的問題：(1)關系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數。(2)注意區別定語從句與強調句。①定語從句中關系詞作從句成分，復合句。②強調句中it無意義，that/who不是引導詞。③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.R語從句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(強調句)(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區別。①定語從句的引導詞被稱為關系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語，有時可省略。②同位語從句的引導詞被叫作連接詞，that不充當任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.（同位語從句）Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定語從句)(4)關系詞在從句中省略的情況。①關系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。②關系詞作表語。⑸關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關系詞只能是which和whom。(6)幾個特殊的定語從句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one為先行詞)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students為先行詞)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.?語法與寫作用定語從句翻譯下面的句子1．我們學生應該經常和我們的父母交換意見，他們經驗豐富，最重要的是，他們是世界上最愛我們的人。（2013?重慶?寫作一）We_students_should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents，who_are_rich_in_experience，and_above_all，love_us_most_in_the_world.2．很抱歉我沒有立刻回復一周前你寄給我的電子郵件。（2013?山東?寫作）I’m_sorry_I_couldn’t_reply_to_your_email_which_you_sent_me_a_week_ago_immediately.3．總之，能夠在短時間內贏得他們的友誼是我一生中感到最自豪的事。（2013?浙江?書面表達）In_a_word，being_able_to_win_their_friendship_in_a_very_short_time_is_the_thing_that_I_am_proud_of_most_in_my_life.4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人應該得到和工程師或教師一樣的尊重。(2013?廣東?讀寫任務)Consequently，those_who_do_those_most_insignificant_jobs_should_get_respect_as_muchas_those_being_engineers_or_teachers.5．我讓他給你帶去你以前要的中國畫。I’ve_asked_him_to_bring_you_the_Chinese_painting_you’ve_asked_for_before.?語法填空Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult1. wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishedthathewasaseasy2. (please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.Besides，shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot3. pleasantexperience：peoplesteppedonyourfeetor4.(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Janepausedinfrontofacounter5. someattractivetieswereondisplay.“Theyarerealsilk，”theassistanttriedtoattracther.“Worthdoubletheprice.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather6. (choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes7. sale.Shedidnothesitateforlong：althoughherfathersmokedapipeonly