重難點(diǎn)01-3閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文-2023年高考英語(yǔ)【熱點(diǎn)?重點(diǎn)?難點(diǎn)】專練

（新高考專用）

命題趨勢(shì)

新高考閱讀理解兩年（2021-2022）之體裁和主題內(nèi)容統(tǒng)計(jì)

年份語(yǔ)篇卷別體裁主題內(nèi)容

I卷應(yīng)用文文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法

A篇

n卷應(yīng)用文兒童博物館團(tuán)體游

1卷說(shuō)明文以實(shí)際行動(dòng)減少食物浪費(fèi)

2022B篇

n卷記敘文新型閱讀體驗(yàn)

新高

1卷新聞報(bào)道養(yǎng)雞提升老年人幸福感

考卷C篇

II卷說(shuō)明文使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開(kāi)車

I卷說(shuō)明文飲食變化帶來(lái)發(fā)音變化

D篇II卷說(shuō)明文鍛煉對(duì)于心臟的好處

I卷應(yīng)用文羅馬的四個(gè)旅館

A篇

II卷應(yīng)用文約克郡的四個(gè)活動(dòng)

I卷記敘文介紹鋼琴翻頁(yè)的職業(yè)

B篇

2021II卷記敘文作者照顧老虎

新高

I卷說(shuō)明文濕地破壞，保護(hù)環(huán)境

考卷

C篇

n卷記敘文捐資助學(xué)

I卷說(shuō)明文情商是品質(zhì)還是技能

D篇

II卷說(shuō)明文機(jī)器人監(jiān)測(cè)牧牛的健康狀況

兩年閱讀理解考得最多的文體是“說(shuō)明文”，其次為“記敘文”，再次為“應(yīng)用文"，而“議論文”

則沒(méi)有涉及。在“三新（新課標(biāo)新教材新高考）”背景下，2023年是否要考“議論文”體裁的閱讀理解，我

們將拭目以待。

從上述統(tǒng)計(jì)來(lái)看，說(shuō)明文體裁今后仍將是高考閱讀理解的主打體裁。最近幾年，說(shuō)明文的命題變化

不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，其選材通常是各學(xué)科的前沿問(wèn)題；科技領(lǐng)域的最新科研成果（介紹最新科技、重大成

就、新產(chǎn)品、新工藝等）；人們比較關(guān)心的社會(huì)問(wèn)題和令人好奇的自然現(xiàn)象：以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等

等。

說(shuō)明文體裁閱讀理解題的考查四種題型都有可能涉及到：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和

詞義猜測(cè)題。其中以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主。

熱點(diǎn)解讀

說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物或事理進(jìn)行客觀說(shuō)明的一種文體，它以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物或闡明

事理，達(dá)到教人以知識(shí)的目的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上看，說(shuō)明文總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常分為三個(gè)部分：說(shuō)明對(duì)象、說(shuō)明過(guò)程

和歸納總結(jié)；從段落組織方式上分，常見(jiàn)的有以下五種結(jié)構(gòu)：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)（總T分T總；總T分；分一總）；

并列式結(jié)構(gòu)（段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對(duì)獨(dú)立）；對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)（結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“一正一反”）；遞進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)（文

章各部分內(nèi)容形成一層更進(jìn)一層的形式）；連貫式結(jié)構(gòu)（說(shuō)明的各層次之間是按照事物發(fā)張過(guò)程來(lái)安排層次,

前后互相承接）。

說(shuō)明文的特點(diǎn)是客觀、簡(jiǎn)練、語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確、明了，文章很少表達(dá)作者的感情傾向。閱讀說(shuō)明文的重點(diǎn)

在于讀懂它說(shuō)明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、構(gòu)造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點(diǎn)等。

說(shuō)明文常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明方法有：定義與詮釋、舉例與引用、分類與圖表、比較與比喻和分析與綜合等。

了解說(shuō)明文的寫作手法、說(shuō)明方法，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)是解題的關(guān)鍵之一。

滿分技巧

1.快速瀏覽——整體把握說(shuō)明對(duì)象

如果文章有標(biāo)題那首先就要抓住文章的標(biāo)題明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象或是關(guān)注文章主題句、各段首末句明確說(shuō)明

對(duì)象；其次可抓住文章的結(jié)構(gòu)歸納說(shuō)明對(duì)象。一般說(shuō)明文往往都會(huì)圍繞一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題或內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，

而有的說(shuō)明文則需要我們把小說(shuō)明點(diǎn)歸納起來(lái)，構(gòu)成全文的說(shuō)明對(duì)象。

2.先題再文——精準(zhǔn)定位重點(diǎn)解讀

在對(duì)文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽之后，帶著題干再讀全文。閱讀時(shí)做到有的放矢、有所側(cè)重：明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象、

把握說(shuō)明順序、理清（段落間的）邏輯聯(lián)系和把握作者態(tài)度。邊讀邊將考查內(nèi)容（主要是細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理

判斷題）在原文中定位，然后重點(diǎn)解讀定位的幾個(gè)片段。

3.高效解讀——破長(zhǎng)難句解重難詞

說(shuō)明文的詞匯和句式的運(yùn)用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。如何高效解讀關(guān)鍵在于破解長(zhǎng)難句、解讀重

難詞（包括生詞和詞塊）的意義。

破解長(zhǎng)難句：學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用括號(hào)法分析長(zhǎng)難句，把影響考生理解的各種從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)以及復(fù)雜介

詞短語(yǔ)括起來(lái)，從而達(dá)到“去枝葉，留主干”的目的，進(jìn)而準(zhǔn)確理解句子含義。

解讀生詞義：說(shuō)明文中的詞匯運(yùn)用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多，

通常達(dá)到了4-5%都對(duì)考生的理解造成了極大的障礙。不過(guò)考生可以通過(guò)說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)來(lái)幫助解讀生

詞義。例如可以利用原文中的“下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（如破折

號(hào)、冒號(hào)都有表示解釋和說(shuō)明）”等方法來(lái)解讀生詞義。另外考生要學(xué)會(huì)作出適當(dāng)?shù)姆艞墸簾o(wú)關(guān)大局的生

僻詞匯閱讀中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對(duì)理解全文沒(méi)有影響或影響不大就可略過(guò)。比如有許

多較長(zhǎng)的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時(shí)可一掃而過(guò)或干脆用其首字母代替，不必試圖把整個(gè)專

有名詞解讀出來(lái)。

【經(jīng)典考例1］（引用原題號(hào)，以下同）

（2022?新高考I卷B篇）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻

菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriends

calledwithadinnerinvitation.1stuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Even

worse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,44foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,“as

ElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrown

away-from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrown

intorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargest

producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthafshardtounderstand,let^keepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtin

seesmyarugulastoryallthetime——butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlast

days.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有

瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,and

freezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

附錄：解題中需要關(guān)注的內(nèi)容（僅供考生平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)參考）

一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

第一段：

第二段：

第三段：

第四段：

第五段：

二、重難點(diǎn)詞

1.熟詞生義：

Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.

....from"ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishes

thrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitinto

healthymeals.

...collectingblemishedl有干段疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.

2.派生詞/合成詞：

Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;

Wewastefooduninlenlionallyattimes.

It9sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway.

3.重難點(diǎn)詞(塊)

freezev冷凍freezern.冰箱refrigeratorn.冰箱resourcen.資源

strawberryn.草莓donatev.捐贈(zèng)donationn.捐贈(zèng)purchasev.采購(gòu)

consequencen.結(jié)果shortagen.短缺starvationn.饑餓consumptionn.消費(fèi)，消耗

bemindfulof考慮到,想著gotowaste被浪費(fèi)

roundout完成endupdoing最終做某事，以...結(jié)束

evenworse更糟糕的是adinnerinvitation請(qǐng)吃飯

gobad變質(zhì)gohungry挨餓

goagainstmoralgrain違反道德準(zhǔn)則garbagecans垃圾桶

anenvironmentalproblem環(huán)境問(wèn)題greenhousegas溫室氣體

takedonations接受捐贈(zèng)playapartin在中起作用

sidedish配菜，小菜paylittleattentionto不注意...

havegoodreasonsfor對(duì)某事有充足的理由make...outof…用制作

4.長(zhǎng)難句析

@Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)

vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbage

cans.

②"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesinthe

world.”

③“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryin

yourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat."Curtin

says.

【經(jīng)典考例2】

（2022?新高考I卷D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and

"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?A

ground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatare

nowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊），makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"F'and4V1increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

DTheirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

附錄：具體解題技巧運(yùn)用（僅供考生平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)參考）

本篇閱讀理解原文語(yǔ)言較為復(fù)雜，包含很多長(zhǎng)難句和一些較生僻的詞匯，話題也不是為考生所非

常很熟悉，因而難度較大，但掌握一定的做題方法，可大大降低解題的難度。

一、快速瀏覽題干，圈出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

二、第一遍閱讀，需要特別關(guān)注以下內(nèi)容

1.關(guān)注文章的主旨

根據(jù)第一段未句可知主旨大意：Aground-breakfive-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesin

humanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

2.關(guān)注每段重點(diǎn)句

第二段一共兩句。

第一句：

第二句：

第三段也是兩句。

第一句：

第二句：

第四段主題句為首句：Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopment

ofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

笫五段主題句為首句：Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchange

inthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage.

第六段主題句為首句：Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswere

presentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.

三、根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞再次閱讀，精準(zhǔn)定位

1限時(shí)檢測(cè)

（題目序號(hào)：高考真題用原序號(hào)，其余題目仿新高考閱揍理解D篇）

每篇答題時(shí)間不超過(guò)6分鐘

Passage1

（2022?新高考II卷C篇）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublic

servicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyare

behindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighway

TrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfbrtunately.^^

“Bigchangerequiresbigideas.^^hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimprove

roadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereaching

backtoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskfbrthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriver

hadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedfbr

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peopleare

goingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.^^

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

3l.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

Passage2

（2022?新高考II卷D篇）Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessing

oxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewho

don'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwill

becomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhat

happenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenan

enthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbut

wereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedina

programofnonaerobic（無(wú)氧）exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecond

groupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwo

years,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,saysLevine.

“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump

（泵送）alotmorebloodduringexercise."Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn't

change,hesays.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven?talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstill

hasflexibility,MLevinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,and

nothinghappenedtothematall.”

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreat

start.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactly

whichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

32.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

33.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

34.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?

A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.

B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.

C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.

D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.

35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

Passage3

（2022?廣東模擬預(yù)測(cè)YTmnotareader."It'sacommonreplythatJuliaTorres,ateacher-librarianinDenver

PublicSchool,hasheardthroughouther16-yearcareer.She'sseenstudentstearupbooks,throwthemawayor

checkthemoutonlytoimmediatelyreturnthemallbecausetheydidn'thaveconfidenceintheirabilitytoread.

Asalibrarian,Torresfeelsstronglythatlibrariesshouldbespacesofliberation,placeswherestudentscan

developaloveofreadingatanystage.Readingisaskillthateveryonecangrowtolove,buttoomanynegative

experiencesduringachild'sliteracy（讀寫能力）educationcanresultinboredom,lackofinterestorevenanger.

Whenastudenthasapoorexperiencelikebeingshamedfortheirreadingchoices,theycanbegintoassociate

readingwithpainfulfeelingsofinsecurity,shameandstress.

Topreventreadingdisorder（閱讀障礙）practices,asTorresnotes,librariansfirstcanbuildaninclusive（內(nèi)容

豐富的）librarywhereclassifiedcollectionscanmakeiteasierforstudentstofindoutthebookstheywantand

alsohelpidentifygapsinthecollections.Reevaluatinglibrarians,roleisnecessary,whichallowsstudentstotake

controlofthelibraryandhaveasayinvvhafspurchasedforthecollection,directlyexcitingstudents9reading

interest.Insteadofhostingtraditionalbookfairswherestudentshavetopayforbooks,itisbettertoopenupa

TrueBookFair,wherestudentsareinvitedtochoosebooksintentionallytotheirinterestswithoutanycosts.

Librariansarerecommendedtoreadwhatstudentsarereading.Anothertwoimportantapproachestopreventing

readingdisorderaretotakealookatthelibrarypoliciesandredefine（重新定義）whatcountsasreading.Itis

necessarytogetridoffines,check-outlimits,securitygates,andpunishmentpolicies.Plus,studentsare

encouragedtolistentoaudiobooksorreadpicturebooks.Findawaytoteachimportantskillslike

comprehensionorcriticalthinkingwiththetextsthatexciteandintereststudents.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"I'mnotareader“inParagraph1infer?

A.Somestudentsarenotinterestedinreading.

B.Somestudentshavenoabilitytoreadbooks.

C.Somestudentsdon'tborrowbooksfromthelibrary.

D.Somestudentshaven'ttriedtoreadforentertainment.

33.Whatisdirectlylinkedwithexcitingstudents,readinginterests?

A.Gettingridoflibraryrules.B.Makingtheirownchoices.

C.Librarians9recommendation.D.Reducingchargescausedbyreading.

34.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Whatleadstostudents?difficultyinreading.

B.Hownegativereadingexperiencesaffectstudents.

C.Howtoreducereadingdisorderasstudentlibrarians.

D.Whytodecreasereadingdisorderasstudentlibrarians.

35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?

A.Todoaresearchonreadingdisorder.B.Tooffersuggestionstothelibrarians.

C.Toanalyzewhyreadingdisorderforms.D.Todrawattentiontoreadingdisorderprevention.

Passage4

（2022?福建省泉州一中高三期中）Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasvastandcostlyfacilitiesto

maintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.

Now,cutting-edgeunderwaterdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmakethework

saferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix-meter-long,snake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsanda

cameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeing

broughtbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationto

recharge.

Maintenanceworkatmanydeep-waterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmanned

vehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthen

remotelyoperatedfromonboardthesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,accordingtoPal

Liljeback,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebacksays

thatby"enablingtherobottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodo

inspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”.

Eelumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoand

data.Itssnake-likedesignallowsittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle（扭動(dòng)）itsbodytostayinplaceinstrong

currents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.

Theglobalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingto

analysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.

EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheAsgardoilandgas

field.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopestohaveupto50inoceansaroundthe

worldby2027.

32.WhatisonefeatureofEelume?

A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging.

B.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.

C.Itworksmainlyaroundthestation.

D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.

33.Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehicles?

A.Theyaretoocostlytomaintain.

B.Theyarehardtooperateremotely.

C.Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.

D.Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallthetime.

34.WhatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?

A.Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billion.

C.Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.D.Itwillfacealotofcompetitors.

35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatertasks.

B.Eelumeisthenewchoiceforconstructingpipelines.

C.Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.

D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenstronggrowth.

Pass