棕櫚科植物病蟲害介紹中國熱帶農業科學院椰子研究所余鳳玉一、緒論棕櫚科植物是單子葉植物，世界上共有183屬，約

2300種，分布于熱帶和亞熱帶地區。在中國主要分布在南方各省，大約有22屬60余種。椰子瀉血病、椰子莖干腐爛病、椰子灰斑病、檳榔細菌性條斑病等在海南發生普遍而嚴重。被稱為“植物殺手”的菊科絞殺植物——薇甘菊，目前正在海南省肆虐。椰子瀉血病椰子莖干腐爛病椰子灰斑病椰子灰斑病檳榔細菌性條斑薇甘菊學名小花假澤蘭，原產熱帶美洲，屬藤本植物。薇甘菊喜歡陽光，只要一生根就想盡辦法攀著大樹向上爬，爬到頂上就迅速蔓延，以吸收更多的陽光，而下面的植物就因長期缺少日照而枯萎。在棕櫚植物害蟲中以椰心葉甲、椰子織蛾、紅脈穗螟、紅棕象甲為典型代表，由于繁殖力很強，擴散蔓延快，危害嚴重而防治效果不穩定，在棕櫚植物上造成了嚴重的危害。椰心葉甲危害狀卵幼蟲蛹成蟲椰心葉甲椰子織蛾危害狀幼蟲在閉合的葉片內潛行危害，防治難度較大椰子織蛾紅脈穗螟椰心葉甲紅脈穗螟幼蟲椰子織蛾幼蟲椰心葉甲幼蟲酒瓶椰受害死亡紅棕象甲主要以幼蟲在樹干內取食危害紅脈穗螟危害心葉危害檳榔的花序二疣犀甲鞘翅目 金龜子科Yan

WeiCoconut

Research

Institute,Chinese

Academy

of

TropicalAgricultural

Sciences

(CATAS)E-mail:andy206@126.comManagement

Planof

the

Red

Palm

WeevilRhynchophorus

ferrugineus

in

DatePalmStatusStatusStatusStatus2

days

laterStatusOn

the

roadStatusIn

the

rootsStatusPetiole

be

thrown

in

palmsStatusOur

PlanPheromone

traps50100200150500300Trap5029Our

PlanNo.

of

Lured

RPWTrap

spacingTrap

trapping

effectof

different

spacingOur

Plan50~70mTrapsPrevent

RPW

out

of

palm

and

lure

RPW

in

the

palmReduce

population

densityOur

Plan2

type

of

carrierPVC

Microtubules；non-woven

fabricsVesicleOur

PlanVSOur

PlanThrough

the

monitoring，we

want

to

know

the

populationdynamic of

RPW，based

on

it，we

can

make

managementin

advance.Our

PlanSilviculturalKeep

CleanOur

PlanSilviculturalCollected

and

FumigationOur

PlanSilviculturalFertilizationProfessor

Liu

has

a

wealth

of

experience

infertilization

in

palmsOur

PlanSound

detectionDetect the

weevils

in

the

trunkOur

PlanMearsured value

at

different

density

of

larveMore

larve

,higher

measured

valueOur

PlanDetect

date

palm

using

AED-2000

(Acoustic

Detection)Best

time

of

dayDetect

lower

value----

head-irrigatingDetect

higher

value----

head-irrigating,

stem

injection

andfumigationInsecticide:

Acetamiprid,

Nicotine

chlorinated

compoundsFumigants:

Aluminum

phosphideOur

PlanMethod

to

check

cont