Unit4Lookinggood,feelinggoodGrammar&usageIntoday’sclass,wewill:exploretherulesofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.applytherulesbydoingsomeexercises.

LearningobjectivesAExploringtherules引導限制性定語從句的關系副詞有when、where和why，它們在從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語，修飾從句謂語動詞。關系副詞when、where和why可以用“介詞+which”來代替。由關系副詞引導的限制性定語從句講解一、關系副詞when的用法1.

在關系副詞when引導的定語從句中，先行詞往往是day、week、time、year、month、morning等表示時間的名詞。如：AprilFool’sDayisaspecialdaywhenyoucanplayajokeonsomeone.IcanstillrememberthesunnymorningwhenIarrivedoncampus.2.

從句中缺少時間狀語，且先行詞為stay、visit、occasion等一些

抽象的具有模糊時間概念的名詞時，定語從句需要用關系副

詞when來引導。如：ThesepresentscanremindmeofmystayinOxfordwhenImademanyfriendssharingthesameinterest.Alectureisanoccasionwhenwecanlearnandbenefitalot.講解3.

先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，并非一定要用when引導定語從

句。若定語從句中缺少主語、表語或賓語等，則用that/which

引導。試比較：Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthemountainvillage.Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthatmountainvillage.注意講解二、關系副詞where的用法1.

在關系副詞where引導的定語從句中，先行詞通常是place、

room、factory等表示地點的名詞。如：Theschoolgateistheplacewherewewillmeeteachothertomorrowmorning.Thisisthecavewherewecameacrossthebearthatday.2.

從句中缺少地點狀語，且先行詞為situation、point、case、

condition、stage等一些含有抽象地點意義的名詞時，定語從句

要用關系副詞where來引導。如：Wefoundourselvesinasituationwherewehadtomakeadecisionimmediately.IgottothestagewhereIlostallinterestintheidea.講解3.

先行詞是表示地點的名詞時，并非一定要用where引導定從句。

若定語從句中缺少主語、表語或賓語等，則用that/which引導。

試比較：NanjingisthecitywhereIgrowup.Nanjingisthecity(that/which)Iwanttovisitmost.注意講解三、關系副詞why的用法1.

在關系副詞why引導的定語從句中，先行詞一般是reason等

表示原因的名詞。如：Thereasonwhybatshaveauniqueimmunesystemisthattheirbodytemperatureishigherthananyothermammal.2.

先行詞是reason時，并非一定要用why引導定語從句。若定

語從句中缺少主語、表語或賓語等，則用that/which引導。如：Thereasonwhythepresidentwenttothevillagewastouching.Thereasonthatthepresidentmentionedattheconferencewastouching.注意即學即練I’llneverforgetthemuseum___________wevisitedtogether.I’llneverforgetthemuseum___________thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanage____________isseeinggreatchanges.Wearelivinginanage____________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason____________hegaveusisnottrue.Thereason____________hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.(which/that)wherewhich/thatwhenwhy(which/that)Belowisapartofamagazinearticleaboutsleepproblems.Findthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Theyarestillgrowing,and

nightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Teenagerswhodonotsleep

well

may

experiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Doyourememberatime?Youhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srestatthetime.Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Oneofthereasonsispressurefromschoolorwork.Peoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepforthereason.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Theyarestillgrowingandnightisthetime.Theirbodiesgrowfasteratthetime.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituations.Bodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffersinthesituations.WorkingouttherulesTherelativeadverbwherereferstoaplace,therelativeadverbwhenrefersto(1)_________,

andtherelativeadverbwhyrefersto(2)_________.InmoreformalEnglish,therelativeadverbs

where,

whenandwhycanbe

replacedby“preposition+

(3)_________”.timereasonwhichBApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeadverbsor“preposition+which”.1Ididnotperformwellatschoollastweek.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.2Imissthosedays.Iusedtosleepreallywellinthosedays.Thereasonwhy/forwhichIdidnotperformwellatschoollastweekwasmypoor-qualitysleep.Imissthosedayswhen/inwhichIusedtosleepverywell.BApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeadverbsor“preposition+which”.3Thehospitalisnearmyhome.Ivisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsinthathospital.4Istillrememberthatafternoon.ThatafternoonIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.Thehospitalwhere/inwhichIvisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsisnearmyhome.Istillrememberthatafternoonwhen/onwhichIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.B2Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+which”wherenecessary.TipsFindtheantecedent.Completetheclausewiththeantecedent.Usetherightrelativepronoun,relativeadverbor“preposition+which”toreplacetheantecedent.which/thatwhen/atwhichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichB3ReadtheinformationbelowaboutW