高考英語閱讀理解專項練習

班級考號姓名總分

一、生態環保類

（一）

Weproduce500billionofplasticbagsinayearworldwideandtheyarethrownaway

pollutingoceans,killingwildlifeandgettingdumpedinlandfillswheretheytakeup

to1000yearstodecompose.Researchershavebeenunsuccessfullylookingforasolution.

The16yearoldCanadianhighschoolstudent,DanielBurd,fromWaterlooCollegiate

Institute,hasdiscoveredawaytomakeplasticbagsdegrade（分解）inasfewas3months,

afindingthatwonhimfirstprizeattheCanada—WideScienceFair,a$10000prize,

a$20000scholarship,andachancetorevolutionizeamajorenvironmentalissue.

Burd，sstrategywassimple:Sinceplasticdoeseventuallydegrade,itmustbeeaten

bymicroorganisms（微生物）.Ifthosemicroorganismscouldbeidentified,wecouldputthem

toworkeatingtheplasticmuchfasterthanundernormalconditions.

Withthisgoalinmind,hegroundplasticbagsintoapowderandconcocted（調制）a

solutionofhouseholdchemicals,yeast（酵母）andtapwatertoencouragemicrobes

growth.Thenheaddedtheplasticpowderandletthemicrobesworktheirmagicfor3

months.Finally,hetestedtheresultingbacterialcultureonplasticbags,exposingone

plasticsampletodeadbacteriaasacontrol.Sureenough,theplasticexposed（暴露）to

thelivebacteriawas17%lighterthanthecontrolaftersixweeks.

Theinputsarecheap：maintainingtherequiredtemperaturetakeslittleenergybecause

microbesproduceheatastheywork,andtheonlyoutputsarewaterandtinylevelsof

carbondioxide.

“AlmosteveryweekIhavetodochoresandwhenIopentheclosetdoor,Ihavepiles

ofplasticbagsfallingontopofme.Oneday,IgottiredofitandIwantedtoknowwhat

otherpeoplearedoingwiththeseplasticbags.Theanswer：notmuch.SoIdecidedtodo

somethingmyself.”saidDanielBurD.

1.DanielBurdwonfirstprizeattheCanada-WideScienceFairbecause__

A.hefoundanewkindofmicroorganism

B.hecontributedmuchtoenvironmentalprotection

C.hefoundawaytodegradeplasticsinshortertime

D.hecouldencouragemicrobesgrowthinaneasierway

2.DanielBurdexposedoneplasticsampletodeadbacteriato__.

A.makethelivebacteriaworkbetter

B.testhoweffectivehismethodwas

C.knowwhichbacteriaworkedfaster

D.controlthetemperatureintheprocess

3.Maintainingtherequiredtemperaturetakeslittleenergybecause_

A.plasticscangethoteasily

B.microbescanproduceheatthemselves

C.muchcarbondioxideisproduced

D.thetemperaturecanbecontrolled

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4.DanielBurdgothisideafrom

A.hisschooltextbook

B.thefailureofresearchers

C.hiseverydaywork

D.thepracticeofotherpeople

（二）

ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.After

all,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.

Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarriveD.Theytoldthevillagerstherewere

somepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog，slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogs

oftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.

Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing.Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,

andtheywerenousetothevillagers.Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem.Agreementwas

reached,andthechildrenweresentintothefieldstocatchfrogs.Everyweekatruck

arrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewere

abletodreamofabetterfuture.Butthedreamdidn，tlastlong.

Thechangewashardlynoticedatfirst,butitseemedasifthecropswerenotdoing

sowell.Moreworryingwasthatthechildrenfellillmoreoften,and,thereseemedto

bemoreinsectsaroundlately.

Thevillagersdecidedthattheycouldn，tjustwaittoseethecropsfailingandthe

childrengettingweak.Theywouldhavetousethemoneyearnedtobuypesticides（殺蟲

齊（J）andmedicines.Soontherewasnomoneyleft.

Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadn'tbeen

useless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob一eatinginsects.Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,

theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreading

diseases.

Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquare

andlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeeper

meaning.

1.FromParagraphLwelearnthatthevillagers

A.workedveryhardforcenturies

B.dreamedofhavingabetterlife

C.werepoorbutsomewhatcontent

D.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers

2.Whydidthevillagersagreetosellfrogs?

A.Thefrogswereeasymoney.

B.Theyneededmoneytobuymedicine.

C.Theywantedtopleasethevisitors.

D.Thefrogsmadetoomuchnoise.

3.Whatmightbethecauseofthechildren，ssickness?

A.Thecropsdidn'tdowell.

B.Thereweretoomanyinsects.

C.Thevisitorsbroughtindiseases.

D.ThepesticideswereoveruseD.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?

A.Happinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountry.

B.Healthismoreimportantthanmoney.

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C.Theharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportant.

D.Goodolddayswillneverbeforgotten.

（三）

Theneedtofeedagrowingpopulationisputtingmuchpressureontheworld'ssupply

ofwater.With97%oftheworld，swatertoosaltytobedrunkorusedinagriculture,the

worldwidesupplyofwaterneedscarefulmanagement,especiallyinagriculture.Although

theideaofawatershortage（短缺）seemsstrangetosomeonefortunateenoughtolivein

ahighrainfallcountry,manyoftheworld，sagriculturalindustriesexperienceconstant

watershortages.

Althoughdamscanbebuilttostorewaterforagriculturaluseindryareasanddry

seasons,thecostsofwaterredistribution（重新分酉己）areveryhigh.Notonlyistherethe

costoftheengineeringitself,butthereisalsoanenvironmentalcosttobe

considereD.Wherevalleys（111^）arefloodedtocreatedams,housesarelostandwildlife

homesdestroyeD.Besides,watermayfloweasilythroughpipestofields,butitcannot

betransportedfromonesideoftheworldtotheother.Eachcountrymustthereforerely

onthemanagementofitsownwatertosupplyitsfarmingrequirements.

Thisisparticularlytroublingforcountrieswithagriculturalindustriesinareas

dependentonirrigation（灌溉）.InTexas,farmers，overuseofirrigationwaterhas

resultedina25%reductionofthewaterstores.IntheCentralValleyareaofsouthwestern

USA,ahugewaterengineeringprojectprovidedwaterforfarmingindryvalleys,butmuch

ofthewaterusehasbeenpoorlymanageD.

SaudiArabia，sattemptstogrowwheatindesertareashaveseenthepumpingofhuge

quantitiesofirrigationwaterfromundergroundreserves.Becausethereisnorainfall

intheseareas,suchreservescanonlydecrease,anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsof

pumpingwillseethemrundry.

1.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswelearnthat

A.muchoftheworld'swaterisavailableforuse

B.peopleinhighrainfallcountriesfeellucky

C.thecostsofwaterredistributionshouldbeconsidered

D.watercanbeeasilycarriedthroughpipesacrosstheworld

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.ThewaterstoresinTexashavebeenreducedby75%.

B.Mostindustriesintheworldsufferfromwatershortages.

C.TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightrunoutin50years.

D.GoodmanagementofwateruseresultedfromtheprojectintheCentralValley.

3.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Stepstoimprovingwaterusemanagement.

B.Waystoreducethecostsofbuildingdams.

C.Measurestodealwithworldwidewatershortages.

D.Approachestohandlingthepressureonwatersupply.

4.Thetextismainlyabout.

A.watersupplyandincreasingpopulation

B.waterusemanagementandagriculture

C.waterredistributionandwildlifeprotection

D.watershortagesandenvironmentalprotection

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二、人物傳記類

（一）

ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile（汽車）.ButHenryForddidnot

starttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdeveloped

theworld，sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionline

thatmovedacar'spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.That

isnottrue,either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeForD.WhatHenry

Forddidwastouseotherpeople，sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactory

amovingproductionline.

Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwas

thebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Fordys

mostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecar

himself.

Theracewasin1901,atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered,

butonlytwowereleft:theWintonandFord，s.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeeD.Most

peoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.

TheWintontookanearlyleaD.Buthalfwaythroughtherace,itbegantolosepower.Ford

startedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace,hetooktheleaD.Fordwontheraceand

defeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell??knownallover

theUnitedStates.Withinweeksoftherace,HenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.In

1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.That_salewasthebeginning

ofHenryFord，sdream.Fordsaid:"Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.It

willbelargeenoughforthefamily,butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcare

for.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobe

employeD.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodernengineeringcan

produce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoown

one.”

TheModelTwasacarofthatkinD.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethat

driverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.They

considereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModel

T.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT'swerebuiltinthefirst

fewyears.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1?

A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.

B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld

C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.

D.Heinventedtheproductionline.

2.WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?

A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.

B.Todrawpublicattention.

C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.

D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewcompany.

3.“Thatsale“inParagraph4refersto.

A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedprices

B.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeople

C.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctor

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D.thesalestargetfortheFordCompany

4.WhatwasHenryFord*sdreamaccordingtothetext?

A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.

B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.

C.Designingmorecarmodels.

D.Startingmorecompanies.

（二）

JacquelineBouvierKennedyOnassiswasoneofthemostprivatewomenintheworld,

yetwhenshewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife,sherevealed

（展現）herselfasshedidnowhereelse.

Afterthedeathofhersecondhusband,Greekshippingmagnate（巨頭）AristotleOnassis,

Jacqueline'sclosefriendandformerWhiteHousesocialsecretaryLetitiaBaldrigemade

asuggestionthatsheconsideracareer（職業）inpublishing.Afterconsideration,

Jacquelineacceptedit.Perhapsshehopedtofindtheresomeideasabouthowtoliveher

ownlife.Shebecamenotlessbutmoreinterestedinreading.Forthelast20yearsofher

life,Jacquelineworkedasapublisher，seditor,firstatViking,thenatDoubleday,

pursuing（追求）alate??lifecareerlongerthanhertwomarriagescombineD.Duringher

timeinpublishing,shewasresponsibleformanagingandeditingmorethan100

successfullymarketedbooks.AmongthefirstbookswereIntheRussianStyleandInventive

ParisClothes.ShealsosucceededinpersuadingTVhostsBillMoyersandJosephCampbell

totransformtheirpopulartelevisionconversationsintoabook,ThePowerofMyth.The

bookwentontobecomeaninternationalbest??seller.Shedealt,too,withMichaelJackson

ashepreparedhisautobiography（自傳），Moonwalk.

Jacquelinemayhavebeenhiredforhernameandforhersocialrelations,butshe

soonprovedherworth.Herchoices,suggestionsandwidespreadsocialrelationswereof

benefitbothtothepublishingfirmsandtoJacquelineherself.Inthebookssheselected

forpublication,shebuiltonalifetimeofspendingtimebyherselfasareaderandleft

arecordofthegrowthofherminD.Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.Her

roleasFirstLady,intheend,wasovershadowedbyherperformanceasaneditor.However,

fewknewthatshehadachievedsomuch.

1.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatJacqueline

A.becamefondofreadingafterworkingasaneditor

B.wasinchargeofpublishing100books

C.promotedherbooksthroughsocialrelations

D.gainedalotfromhercareerasaneditor

2.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat

A.JacquelineendedupasaneditorratherthanasFirstLady

B.Jacqueline，slifeasFirstLadywasmorecolorfulthanasaneditor

C.JacquelinewasmoresuccessfulasaneditorthanasFirstLady

D.Jacqueline，sroleasFirstLadywasmorebrilliantthanasaneditor

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A?Jacqueline'stwomarriageslastedmorethan20years.

B?Jacqueline'sownpublishingfirmwassetupeventually.

C.Jacqueline'sviewsandbeliefswerereflectedinthebookssheediteD.

D?Jacqueline'sachievementswerewidelyknown.

4.Thepassageismainly.

A.anintroductionofJacqueline'slifebothasFirstLadyandasaneditor

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B.abriefdescriptionofJacqueline'slifelongexperiences

C.abriefaccountofJacqueline'scareerasaneditorinherlast20years

D.ananalysisofJacqueline'ssocialrelationsinpublishing

(三)

ArthurMiller(1915—2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatest

dramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria??Hungary,

drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDreamn.However,heexperiencedsevere

financialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionofthe

early1930s.

Miller'smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmerican

system,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocial

statusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohas

gotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout“andinthecruelworldofbusiness

thereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan，tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,

theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossas

towhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailed

andkillshimselfintheenD.

Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,

anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCritics，CircleAward,and

thePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.

MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningof

February10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesman

onBroadway.

1.WhydidArthurMiller,sfathermovetotheUSA?

A.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.

B.HewasattractedbytheGreatAmericanDream.”

C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.

D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed

2.TheplayDeathofaSalesman

A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworld

B.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompany

C.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMiller

D.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?

A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.

B.HerunstheWagnerCompany.

C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.

D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.

4.Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman.

A.achievedhugesuccessB.wonthefirstTonyAward

C.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmen

D.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists

5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.

B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.

C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienceD.

D.ArthurMillerandhisbest??knownplay.

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三、社會文化類

（一）

CassandraFeeleyfindsithardtomanageonherhusband'sincome.Sothisyearshe

didsomethingmorethanahobby:SheplantedvegetablesinheryarD.Forherfirstgarden,

Ms.Feeleyhasputin15tomatoplants,andfiverowsofavarietyofvegetables.The

family，soldfarmhousehasbecomeachickenhouse,itsresidentsarrivingnextmonth.Last

year,Ms.RitaGartinkeptasmallgarden.Thisyearshehasmadeitmuchlargerbecause,

shesaid,“ThecostofeverythingisgoingupandIwaslookingtoloseafewpounds,

too;soit'sawin??winsituationallarounD.”

TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcosts

andafallingeconomy（經濟），havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.Others

haveincreasedthesizeoftheirexistinggardens.Seedcompaniesandgardenshopssay

thatnotsincethe1970shastherebeensuchanincreaseininterestingrowingfoodat

home.Nowmanygardensacrossthecountryhavebeensoldoutforseveralmonths.InAustin,

Tex.,someofthegardenshaveathree??yearwaitinglist.

George

C.BallJr.,ownerofacompany,saidsalesofvegetableseedsandplantsareupby

40%overlastyear,doubletheaveragegrowthofthelastfiveyears.Mr.Ballarguesthat

someofthereasonshavebeenbuildingforthelastfewyears.Thebigoneisthestriking

riseinthecostoffoodlikebreadandmilk,togetherwiththeincreasesintheprice

offruitsandvegetables.Foodpriceshaveincreasedbecauseofhigheroilprices.People

arenowdrivingless,takingfewervacations,sothereismoretimetogarden.

1.Whatdoestheword"residents“inParagraph1probablyreferto?

A.chickens

B.tomatoes

C.gardens

D.people

2.Whyisvegetablegardeningbecomingincreasinglypopular?

A.MoreAmericansaredoingitforfun.

B.Thepriceofoilislowerthanbefore.

C.There'sagrowingneedforfruits.

D.Thecostoflivingisontherise.

3.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FamilyFoodPlanning

B.BankingonGardening

C.ABelttighteningMove

D.GardeningasaHobby

活費用，所以應選B項，bank作為動詞是“存款”的意思。

（二）

Whilesmallmaybebeautiful,tallisjustplainuncomfortableitseems,particularly

whenitcomestostayinginhotelsandeatinginrestaurants.

TheTallPersonsClubGreatBritain（TPCGB）,whichwasformedsixmonthsagoto

campaignfortheneedsofthetall,hasturneditsattentiontohotelsandrestaurants.Beds

thataretoosmall,showerheadsthataretoolow,andrestauranttableswithhardlyany

leg??roomallmakelifedifficultforthoseofaboveaverageheight,itsays.

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Butitisnotjusttheextra??tallwhoseneedsarenotbeingmet.Theaverageheight

ofthepopulationhasbeenincreasingyetthestandardsizeofbeds,doorways,andchairs

hasremainedunchangeD.

“Thebeddingindustrysaysabedshouldbesixincheslargerthanthepersonusing

it,soevenaking??sizebedat6’6"(6feetand6inches)isfallingshortfor25%

ofmen,whilethestandard6'3"bedcatersforlessthanhalfofthemalepopulation,

saidTPCGBpresidentPhilHeinricy,^Seven??footbedswouldworkfine.”

Similarly,restauranttablescancausenoendofproblems.Smalltables,whichmean

thelong??leggedhavetositafootorsoawayfromthem,areenoughtomaketallcustomers

goelsewhere.

Somehavealreadytakennote,however.AtQueensMoatHouses'CaledonianHotelin

Edinburgh,6'6"bedsarenowputinasstandardafterrequestsforlongerbedsfrom

tallervisitors,particularlyAmericans.

1.WhatisthepurposeoftheTPCGBcampaign?

A.Toprovidebetterservices.

B.Torebuildhotelsandrestaurants.

C.Todrawpublicattentiontotheneedsofthetall.

D.Toattractmorepeopletobecomeitsmembers.

2.WhichofthefollowingmightbeabedofproperlengthaccordingtoPhilHeinricy?

A?7'2"

B.7'

C.6'6〃

D.6'3〃

3.Whatmayhappentorestaurantswithsmalltables?

A.Theymaylosesomecustomers.

B.Theymaystartbusinesseselsewhere.

C.Theyhavetofindeasychairstomatchthetables.

D.Theyhavetoprovideenoughspaceforthelong??leggeD.

4.WhatchangehasalreadybeenmadeinahotelinEdinburgh?

A.Tallpeoplepaymoreforlargerbeds.

B.6’6"bedshavetakentheplaceof6'3"beds.

C.SpecialroomsarekeptforAmericans.

D.GuestroomsarestandardizeD.

(三)

Whenmilkarrivedonthedoorstep

WhenIwasaboygrowingupinNewJerseyinthe1960s,wehadamilkmandelivering

milktoourdoorstep.HisnamewasMr.Basille.Heworeawhitecapanddroveawhitetruck.As

a5??year??oldboy,Icouldn'ttakemyeyesoffthecoinchangerfixedtohisbelt.He

noticedthisonedayduringadeliveryandgavemeaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger.

Ofcourse,hedeliveredmorethanmilk.Therewascheese,eggsandsoon.Ifweneeded

tochangeourorder,mymotherwouldpenanote—“Pleaseaddabottleofbuttermilk

nextdeliveryv-andplaceitintheboxalongwiththeemptybottles.Andthen,the

buttermilkwouldmagicallyappear.

Allofthiswasaboutmorethanconvenience.Thereexistedacloserelationshipbetween

familiesandtheirmilkmen.Mr.Basilleevenhadakeytoourhouse,forthosetimeswhen

itwassocoldoutsidethatweputtheboxindoors,sothatthemilkwouldn，tfreeze.And

IrememberMr.Basillefromtimetotimetakingabreakatourkitchentable,havinga

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cupofteaandtellingstoriesabouthisdelivery.

Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionof

cheapermilk,thusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete.Besides,milkisforsale

everywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticaltohaveadeliveryservice.

Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.I

tookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch（門廊）.Everysooftenmyson，sfriendswill

askwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobrought

usfriendshipalongwithhismilk.

1.Mr.Basillegavetheboyaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger?

A.toshowhismagicalpower

B.topayforthedelivery

C.tosatisfyhiscuriosity

D.topleasehismother

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatthemilkmanhadthekeyto