高三英語總復習基礎部分——語法講解篇2.5高中英語常用語法——非謂語動詞在句中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的基本形式分為三種:todo;doing;done。根據非謂語動詞在句中擔當的成分,可歸納為以下要點:一、作主語(通常為doing,或todo形式)表一般情況時用doing,具體一次性動作用todo。固定句型:1.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花費時

間做某事

Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.2.Itis+形容詞+for/ofsb.todosth.對某人來說做某事……/某人做某事……Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime.Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.3.Itisnousedoingsth.做某事無用Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.二、作賓語1.介詞+doingbeusedtodoingsth.習慣做某事beaccustomedtodoingsth.習慣做某事bedevotedtodoingsth.致力于做某事devoteoneselftodoingsth.致力于做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事objecttodoingsth.反對做某事2.只能接不定式作賓語的動詞:漢語意思英文搭配1.想要做某事wanttodosth.2.希望做某事hope/wishtodosth.3.決心做某事determinetodosth.4.決定做某事decide/choosetodosth.6.要求做某事begtodosth.7.拒絕做某事refusetodosth.8.同意做某事agreetodosth.9.允諾做某事promisetodosth.10.計劃做某事plantodosth.11.打算做某事intendtodosth.12.準備做某事preparetodosth.13.安排做某事arrangetodosth.14.成功做某事managetodosth.15.渴望做某事longtodosth.16.目的在做某事aimtodosth.17.碰巧做某事happentodosth.18.沒能做成某事failtodosth.5.主動提出做某事offertodosth.19.猶豫做某事hesitatetodosth.20.愿意做某事wouldlike/lovetodosth.21.迫不及待做某事can’twaittodosth.22.不遺余力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.23.盡力做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.24.渴望做某事beeagertodosth.25.急于做某事beanxioustodosth.26.應該做某事besupposedtodosth.27.負擔得起做某事affordtodosth.28.假裝做某事pretendtodosth.

3.只能接動名詞的動詞或短語:漢語意思英文搭配1.喜愛做某事enjoydoingsth.2.完成做某事finishdoingsth.3.討厭做某事dislikedoingsth.4.介意做某事minddoingsth.5.練習做某事practicedoingsth.6.持續做某事keepdoingsth.7.允許做某事permit/allowdoingsth.8.承認做某事admitdoingsth.9.考慮做某事considerdoingsth.10.建議做某事suggest/advisedoingsth.11.避免做某事avoiddoingsth.12.推遲做某事delaydoingsth.13.逃脫做某事escapedoingsth.14.禁止做某事forbid/prohibitdoingsth.15.想象做某事imaginedoingsth.16.提及做某事mentiondoingsth.17.錯過做某事missdoingsth.18.阻止做某事preventdoingsth.19.理解做某事understanddoingsth.20.否認做某事denydoingsth.21.想做某事feellikedoingsth.22.放棄做某事giveupdoingsth.23.推遲做某事putoffdoingsth.24.繼續做某事carryondoingsth.25.反復做某事keepondoingsth.26.堅持做某事insistondoingsth.27.忙于做某事bebusydoingsth.28.值得做某事sth.beworthdoing29.不能忍受做某事can’tstand/beardoingsth.30.感激做某事appreciatedoingsth.4.接不定式與接動名詞意思有差別的動詞或短語:漢語意思英文搭配

漢語意思英文搭配1.停止做某事stopdoingsth.8.停下來去做某事stoptodosth.2.試著做某事trydoingsth.9.努力做某事trytodosth.3.意味著做某事meandoingsth.10.打算做某事meantodosth.4.忘記做過某事forgetdoingsth.11.忘記去做某事forgettodosth.5.后悔做過某事regretdoingsth.12.遺憾要做某事regrettodosth.6.繼續做同一件事goondoingsth.13.接著做另一件事goontodosth.7.情不自禁做某事can’thelpdoingsth.14.不能幫助做某事can’thelptodosth.三、作定語1.位于抽象名詞后的非謂語動詞用todo形式,這類詞有ability,chance,way等。Weshouldfindawaytosolvetheproblem.2.序數詞(+名詞)后用不定式作定語。Heisthefirsttocomeandlasttogo.3.havesomethingtodo有事要做。Shecan’tgotothepartywithus,forshehasworktodo.四、作狀語1.be+形容詞+todo,形容詞后用todo作狀語。

Sheisnoteasytopleaseashermother.

2.作目的、結果狀語,表目的和結果。其中onlytofind,onlytodo等表示出人意料的結果。Sheprepareswellfortheexamtogetabetterresult.Shecametothestationhurriedly,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.3.作伴隨狀語,根據與句中主語的關系,主動用doing,被動用done。Jamessatintheemptyrestaurant,feelingfrustrated.Followedbyhisdog,Mr.Smithwenthome.

五、作補語1.感官動詞(see,watch,observe,hear等)后補語有三種形式,以see為例:seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事的全過程seesth.done看到某事被做2.使役動詞的補語,let/make/havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事;但是被動語態中省略的不定式to需還原,即sb.ismadetodosth.。主動:Theboymadehislittlesistercry.被動:Theboy’ssisterwasmadetocrybyhim.

3.不定式作賓補的固定搭配:

漢語意思英文搭配1.求某人做某事asksb.todosth.2.邀請某人做某事invitesb.todosth.3.讓某人做某事tellsb.todosth.4.提醒某人做某事remindsb.todosth.5.鼓勵某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.6.激勵某人做某事inspiresb.todosth.7.督促某人做某事urgesb.todosth.

8.要求某人做某事requiresb.todosth.

9.建議某人做某事advisesb.todosth.

10.說服某人做某事convince/persuadesb.todosth.11.強迫某人做某事forcesb.todosth.12.允諾某人做某事promisesb.todosth.13.警告某人做某事warnsb.todosth.14.允許某人做某事allow/permitsb.todosth.15.禁止某人做某事forbid/prohibitsb.todosth.16.希望某人做某事wish/expectsb.todosth.17.想要某人做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.18.等某人做某事waitforsb.todosth.19.號召某人做某事callonsb.todosth.非謂語動詞專項練習一、單句填空,用所給詞匯的適當形式填空。1.Theysignedanagreement

(expand)thetradebetweenthetwocountries.

toexpand

2.Theroomistoosmall

(hold)onehundredpeople.

3.Heworkedsohardthathegothispay________(raise).

4.Thebuilding

(build)nowwillbeusedasahospital.

5.

(discuss)manytimes,theproblemwassolvedatlast.

6.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhim

(repair)farmtools.

tohold

raised

beingbuilt

Havingbeendiscussed

repairing

7.Theworkershadthemachines

(run)allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.

8.You’llwastetime

(talk)tohim;hewouldn’tlistentoyou.

9.WearelookingforwardtoMary’s

(come).

10.Thesentenceneeds_______________(improve).

11.(1)Wedon’tallow

(smoke)inthereadingroom.

(2)Wedon’tallowthem

(smoke)inthereadingroom.

running

talking

coming

improving(tobeimproved)

smoking

tosmoke

12.(1)

(work)hardandyou’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.

(2)

(work)hard,you’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.

13.(1)Thisisanimportantletter.Don’tforget_________(post)itthisafternoon.

(2)Don’tlookfortheletter.Youmusthaveforgotten

(post)itthisafternoon.14.(1)Iregret

(tell)youthatyourmotherisabsentinBeijing.

Work

Working

topost

posting

totell

(2)Idon’tregret

(tell)herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether.

15.(1)Thecomputercenter,

(build)lastnight,isverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.

(2)Thecomputercenter,

(build)now,willbeverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.

(3)Thecomputercenter,

(build)nextyear,willbeverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.

telling

built

beingbuilt

tobebuilt

16.(1)Weareconsidering

(set)upanewfactoryhereinthistown.

(2)Weareconsideringhow

(set)upanewfactoryhereinthistown.

17.(1)Weather

(permit),I’llgooutforanouting.

(2)Iftheweather

(permit),I’llgooutforanouting.

18.(1)Hehadnochoicebut

(read)aloudthetextintheclassroom.

setting

toset

permitting

permits

toread

(2)Hedidnothingbut

(read)aloudthetextintheclassroom.

19.(1)Doyouknowtheboywhois

(lie)underthebigtree?

(2)Thosebooks,whichare

(lay)onthedeskbyMary,belongtoJohn.

20.(1)Yourwordsareso

(encourage)thatallthepupilsare

(encourage)toworkhard.

(2)Yourtasknowishow

(encourage)thepupilstoworkhard.

read

lying

laid

encouraging

encouraged

toencourage

21.(1)

(see)fromthehill,theparkseemsmorebeautiful.

(2)

(see)fromthehill,you’llfindtheparkmorebeautiful.

(3)

(see)fromthehill,andyou’llfindtheparkmorebeautiful.

22.(1)

(follow)bysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

(2)

(follow)others,Johncameintothehall,too.

Seen

Seeing

See

Followed

Following

23.(1)Theman

(call)Zhaosanusedtolivehere.

(2)Theman

(call)himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.

24.(1)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.

(2)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenightand________(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.

called

calling

preparing

prepared

二、改錯題。1.Alotofmoneyhasbeenspenttobuythebook.

2.Youwillhavetopaythecostofsendapostcard.

3.Whathedidwaspuzzled.

4.Iwillspendaweekreadingandpreparefortheexamination.

將tobuy改為buying

(spend...doing。)

將send改為sending

(介詞of后要求用動名詞作賓語。)

將puzzled改為puzzling

(puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”的意思。)

將prepare改為preparing

(preparing和前面的reading是并列結構。)

5.CharlesandLindadoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuildings.

6.YesterdayIhadmybadtoothpullingout.

7.Heardhersingasong,Iwasdeeplymoved.

8.Imadeaterriblemistake.Iregrettednottotakeyouradvice.

將climbed改為climbing

(aswellas是介詞短語,后面接動名詞或名詞。)

將pulling改為pulled

(havethetoothpulledout表示“請人拔牙”的意思。)

將Heard改為Hearing

(與主語I是主動關系,作狀語。)

將totake改為taking

(用動名詞表示后悔做過某事。)

9.Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain,westoppedhavingarestbeforewewentdownthemountain.

10.There’llbeagoodfilmtonight,rememberseeingitontime!

11.Thegamewasover,shewenthome.

12.Whenspeaking,youmustmakeyourselfhear.

將having改為tohave

(stop的目的是havearest。)

將seeing改為tosee

(還未看電影。)

將was改為being

(獨立主格結構。)

將hear改為heard

(makeoneselfheard意為“使別人聽到自己的話”。)

13.ShepretendednotseeingmewhenIcamein.

14.AbrahamLincolnwasconsideredbeingoneofthegreatestofallAmericanpresidents.

15.Followingbytheofficers,thegeneralinspectedthearmy.

16.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer,anditneedsrepaired.

將seeing改為tosee

(pretend后面要求接不定式作賓語。)

將being改為tobe

(consider后用不定式作賓補。)

將Following改為Followed

(過去分詞表被動。)

將repaired改為repairing

(動名詞主動形式,表被動意義。)

17.Don’tburnthefallingleavesontheground.

18.Losinginthought,healmostranintoacarinfrontofhim.

19.Ienjoytolistentotheclassicmusic.

20.Judgebywhathewears,heisafarmer.

將falling改為fallen

(過去分詞作定語,強調動作的完成。)

將Losing改為Lost

(belostinthought表示“陷入深思”的意思。)

將tolisten改為listening

(enjoy后面用動名詞作賓語。)

將Judge改為Judging

(judgingby...為一固定說法。)

第一章大家都來學化學1.2化學實驗室之旅新知學習問題導學互動探究課堂反饋第2課時練習實驗基本操作問題導學

1.2化學實驗室之旅新知學習

1.2化學實驗室之旅知識點一化學實驗室安全知識

1．藥品取用的規則(1)取用藥品，按實驗所需量取用。如果沒有說明用量，應取最少量，固體只需________________，液體取________mL。(2)取用藥品要做到“三不”：____________、_________、____________________。蓋滿試管底部1～2不用手拿不用嘴嘗不用鼻子直接聞氣味

1.2化學實驗室之旅[說明]如果需要聞氣體的氣味，應用手在瓶口________，使________氣體飄進鼻孔。輕輕扇動極少量2．固體藥品的取用(1)塊狀或密度較大的金屬顆粒(用鑷子)

1.2化學實驗室之旅(2)粉末狀藥品(用藥匙或紙槽)

1.2化學實驗室之旅3．液體藥品的取用(1)傾倒液體(較多量——傾倒法)手心緊挨著傾斜倒放

1.2化學實驗室之旅(2)滴加液體(較少量——滴加法)膠頭滴管上垂直懸空用清水沖洗干凈

1.2化學實驗室之旅(3)量取液體(定量量取——先傾倒、后滴加)凹液面的最低處小多大少

1.2化學實驗室之旅[注意]①選用的量筒應該是能夠一次量取所需液體的最小規格的量筒，目的是減小誤差；②量筒不能加熱，不能用作反應容器，不能量取過熱液體，不能用于配制或稀釋溶液。

1.2化學實驗室之旅互動探究探究點一藥品的取用1．固體藥品的取用[情景展示]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[問題探究]如何正確取用粉末狀和塊狀固體？[思考交流]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[歸納提升]取用小顆粒或粉末狀固體，先將試管平拿，用藥匙或紙槽將藥品放入試管底部，再慢慢豎立起來，可簡記為“一平、二送、三直立”。塊狀固體的取用：現將試管橫放，用鑷子夾取固體放在試管口，再將試管慢慢豎立起來，可簡記為：“一橫、二放、三慢豎”。[課堂速記]

1.2化學實驗室之旅2．液體藥品的取用[情景展示1]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[問題探究]如何正確的取用液體？[思考交流]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[歸納提升]取少量液體藥品采用滴加法：用膠頭滴管吸取少量液體，保持滴管豎直在管口上方，不可把滴管伸入試管內；不可將滴管橫放或倒持，操作要領：“垂直、懸空、滴”；較多量液體的取用采用傾倒法：將瓶塞倒放，標簽向著手心，瓶口要緊挨著試管口，操作要領：“一倒、二向、三緊挨”。[課堂速記]

1.2化學實驗室之旅2．液體藥品的取用[情景展示2]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[問題探究]如何定量地取用液體藥品？[思考交流]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[歸納提升]用量筒量取液體的體積時，先傾倒，后滴加。量筒須放平，讀數時視線與量筒內液體的凹液面的最低處保持水平。[課堂速記]例1下列向試管中加入固體或液體的操作方法錯誤的是(

)

1.2化學實驗室之旅[核心應用]核心一藥品的取用A

1.2化學實驗室之旅[方法點撥]認真研讀教材上各種不同藥品取用的規范操作圖，并記住操作要點(如取用粉末狀藥品要“一橫、二送、三直立”，傾倒液體藥品要“一倒、二向、三挨、四蓋”等)即可解答此類問題。［解析］將鐵釘放入試管中的正確操作應為：將試管橫放，然后將鐵釘置于試管口，再緩緩將試管直立起來，使鐵釘緩緩滑至試管底部。將二氧化錳粉末放入試管中：應用藥匙或紙槽，操作時，試管橫放，將藥品平送入試管底部，再將試管慢慢豎直起來，手指輕彈藥匙柄或紙槽，使藥品全部落入試管底部。向試管內傾倒少量液體藥品時，瓶塞應該倒放在桌面上，標簽向著手心，瓶口與試管口緊挨。向試管中滴加少量液體藥品時，滴管應保持垂直懸空于試管口正上方滴加。

1.2化學實驗室之旅1.酒精燈的使用方法知識點二給物質加熱

1.2化學實驗室之旅2．酒精燈的火焰焰心

1.2化學實驗室之旅3.給試管中的液體加熱勿對人中上部45

1.2化學實驗室之旅[情景展示1]探究點二給物質加熱

1.2化學實驗室之旅[問題探究]如何正確使用酒精燈？[思考交流]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[歸納總結]酒精燈的使用應注意“三要三禁止”：要用火柴或打火機點燃酒精燈，禁止用燃著的酒精燈去引燃另一只酒精燈；要用酒精燈的外焰加熱，禁止向燃著的酒精燈內添加酒精；熄滅時要用燈帽蓋滅，禁止用嘴吹以免失火。[課堂速記]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[情景展示2]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[問題探究]如何加熱液體？[思考交流]

1.2化學實驗室之旅[歸納總結]加熱時，試管中的液體不應超過試管容積的三分之一；試管夾從底部往上套，夾