職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)模擬13

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為

接近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Sallylikestoteaseherbrotherabouthisgirlfriends.

A.charmB.laughatC.criticizeD.

respect

2、America1semphasisontheimportanceofeducationforeveryonehasspurred

scientificresearch.

A.encouragedB.endangeredC.endorsedD.

enlarged

3、Youhavetofollowtheguidewhosesoleinterestistocoverallspotsaccording

tohisstrictschedule.

A.obviousB.simpleC.onlyD.

assumed

4、In1861zitseemedinevitablethattheSouthernstateswouldbreakawayfrom

theUnion.

A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.

proper

5、Techniquestoharnesstheenergyofthesunarebeingdeveloped.

A.convertB.storeC.utilizeD.

receive

6、Firsteditionsofcertainpopularbookscannotbeobtainedforloveormoney.

A.atanyplaceB.atanypriceC.inanylanguageD.

inanycountry

7、Inabullfight,itisthemovementznotthecolorofobjectsthatarouses

thebull.

A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.

diverts

8、Sulfurhasoccasionallybeenfoundintheearthinanalmostpurestate.

A.regularlyB.accidentallyC.sometimesD.

successfully

9、Manyfinecooksinsistoningredients(成分)ofthehighestquality.

A.demandB.relyonC.prepareforD.

create

10>Thecompanyrecommendedthatanewpetrolstation(should)bebuilthere.

A.orderedB.insistedC.suggestedD.

demanded

11>Ithardfortheyoungpeopletoimaginewhatsevereconditionstheirparents

oncelivedunder.

A.sincereB.hardC.strictD.

tight

12>Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.

A.solveB.determineC.untieD.

complete

13、Thepo1icecontendedthatthedifficultiestheyfacedweretoosevere.

A.arguedB.predictedC.saidD.

suggested

14、Heexpressedconcernthattheshipmightbeindistress.

A.despairB.difficultyC.needD.

danger

15、Themostpressingproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarce

resources.

A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.

urgent

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句

提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信

息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

AnObservationandan

Explanation

Itisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowards

herbaby.Theusualfondling,cuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecommentz

butthepositioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenresting

isratherrevealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentof

mothersholdtheirinfantsintheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleft

sideoftheirbodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreference

mostpeoplereplythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceof

right-handednessinthepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarms,

themotherskeeptheirdominantarmfreeformanipulations.Butadetailed

analysisshowsthatthisisnotthecase.True,thereisaslightdifference

betweenright-handedandleft-handedfemales；butnotenoughtoprovideadequate

explanation.Itemergesthat83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebaby

ontheleftside,butsodo78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwords,

only22percentoftheleft-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfree

foractions.Clearlytheremustbesomeother,lessobviousexplanation.

Theonlyothercluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideof

themother1sbody.Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevital

factor?Andinwhatway?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhaps

duringitsexistenceinsidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetused

tothesoundoftheheartbeat.Ifthisisso,thenthere-discoveryofthis

familiarsoundafterbirthmighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfantzespecially

asithasjustbeenbornintoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworld.Ifthis

issothenthemotherwould,somehow,soonarriveatthediscoverythather

babyismoreatpeaceifheldontheleftagainstherheartthanontheright.

16、Wecanlearnalotbyobservingthepositioninwhichamotherholdsher

babyagainstherbody.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Mostleft-handedwomenfeelcomfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheir

leftarmandkeeptherightarmfree.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Thenumberofright-handedmotherswhoholdthebabyontheleftside

exceedsthatofleft-handedonesby22%.

A.Rightg.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftside

rendersthefirstexplanationunsustainable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Thefactthattheheartisontheleftsideofthemother1sbodyprovides

themostconvincingexplanationofall.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Thewriter*sexplanationofthephenomenonissupportedbythefactthat

babiestendtobemorepeacefulifheldintheirmotherszleftarmsthanin

therightarms.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：⑴第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2—5段每

段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；⑵第27—30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選

項(xiàng)。

MuseumsintheModernWorld

1.Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfew

orforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyare

wordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.

2.AtasciencemuseuminOntario,Canada,youcanfeelyourhairstandon

endasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan

MuseumofArtinNewYorkCity,youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhile

listeningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSweden,youcanputoncostumes

providedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshow,museumsarereaching

outtonewaudiences,particularlytheyoungzthepoor,andthelesseducated

members*ofthepopulation.Asaresult,attendanceisincreasing.

3.Moreandmore,museumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhen

theycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseums,

forexample,therearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouch,

listen,operate,andexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesfor

himself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.

Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnot

onlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworld(y[science.

Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfear

itzandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Manymuseums

nowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren*sdepartments.Inadditionto

theusualdisplays,theyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Instead

ofbeingplacesthatone"should"visitztheyareplacestoenjoy.

4.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.

Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.

Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates.They

arebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferent

way.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart；theywantart

theycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUS,

certaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthe

basicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaround

them.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroups,likeyoungpeopleingeneralzhave

benefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroups,

andtherestofthepopulationaswellzhavebeeninfluencedbytelevision,

whichhastaughtthemaboutotherplacesandothertimes.

5.Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencourage

thebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone,therearenowmorethan

6,000museums,almosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalf

ofthemaredevotedtohistory,andtherestareevenlydividedbetweenthe

artsandsciences.Thenumberofvisitors,accordingtotheAmericanAssociation

ofmuseumszhasrisentomorethan700millionayear.

6.Infactzthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.

Admissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensive,but

nowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraising

theirprices.Evenwhenraised,however,entrancefeesaregenerallytoolow

tosupportamuseum,withitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrained

staff.

23、Paragraph2

A.CausesofChanges

B.IncreasingNumberofMuseumsandVisitors

C.MuseumsGettingClosertoMoreSpectators

D.MoviesShowninMuseums

E.NewNotionsabouttheManagementofMuseums

F.PlacestoVisit

24、Paragraph3_______

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5_______

27、Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfew,but

A.havehigherdemandsofmuseums

B.areopentomorepeoplewithdifferentsocialbackground

C.tolengthentheiropeninghours

D.chargetoolittleforadmission

E.havebeenbuiltandopentopublic

F.byloweringtheadmissionfees

28、Withthedevelopmentofsociety,peoplezespeciallytheyoungpeople

29、Tomeettheneedsofsociety,moremuseums

30>Twomajorproblemsformuseumsarethattheyhavetoomanyvisitorsand

they_______

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

HighStressMayDamageMemory

AccordingtoareportissuedinMay1998,elderlypeoplewhohave

consistentlyhighbloodlevelsofcortisoldon'tscoreaswellonmemorytests

astheirpeerswithlowerlevelsofthestresshormone.Whatzsmore,high

levelsofcortisolarealsoassociatedwithshrinkingofthehippocampus,

aregionofthebrainthatplaysakeyroleinlearningandmemory.

Thefindingssuggestthatevencortisollevelsinthenormal,HhealthyH

rangecanactuallyacceleratebrainaging.

Thestudyresults"nowprovidesubstantialevidencethatlong-termexposure

toadrenalstresshormonesmaypromotehippocampalaginginnormalelderly

humans,"writeNadaPorterandPhilipLand-fieldoftheUniversityofKentucky

inLexingtonintheireditorial.Cortisolisahormonereleasedinresponse

tostressbytheadrenalglandszwhichsitontopofthekidneys.

Overa5to6-yearperiodzDr.SoniaLupienandhiscolleaguesmeasured

24-hourcortisollevelsin51healthyvolunteerszmostofwhomwereintheir

70s.'

Despitewidevariationincortisollevels,theparticipantscouldbedivided

intothreesubgroupszthosewhosecortisolprogressivelyincreasedovertime

andwascurrentlyhigh(increasing/high)；thosewhosecortisolprogressively

increasedovertimeandwascurrentlymoderate(increasing/moderate)；and

subjectswhosecortisoldecreased,butwascurrentlymoderate

(decreasing/moderate).

Theresearcherstestedthevolunteers1memoryonsixpeopleinthe

increasing/highcategoryandfivepeopleinthedecreasing/moderategroup.

Thegroupsdidnotdifferontestsofimmediatememory,buttheincreasing/high

cortisolgrouphadothermemoryproblemscomparedwiththoseinthe

decreasing/moderategroup.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthetotalzvolumeofthehippocampusin

thoseintheincreasing/highgroupwas14%lowerthanthoseinthe

decreasing/moderategroup,althoughtherewerenodifferencesinotherbrain

regions.

Theresultssuggestthat11...brainagingcanbeacceleratedbylevels

ofadrenalhormonesthatarenotgenerallyregardedaspathologicalandthat

variationwithin,thisnormalrangeisrelatedtovariationintherateof

brainaging,*writePorterandLandfield."Thisfurther,suggeststhatchronic

stressmayacceleratetheworseningofhippocampus.,

31、Thepartofthebrainimportantforaperson1slearning,andmemoryis

A.thecortisol.

B.theadrenalglands.

C.thestresshormones

D.thehippocampus.

32^Whenthelevelsofcortisolgohigher,thehippocampusinthebrainmay

A.becomelarger.

B.becomesmaller.

C.disappearcompletely.

D.betotallydamaged.

33、Accordingtothearticle,whenpeoplefeeltooworriedornervousorwhen

theyoverwork,

A.theadrenalglandswillproduceastresshormone.

B.thekidneyswillproduceadrenalglands.

C.thehippocampuswillproducehighlevelsofcortisolintheblood.

D.thebrainwillworkmoreeffe4tive-y*

34、Itappearsthatwhenthetotalvolumeofthehippocampusbecomessmaller

asaresultofhighbloodlevelsofcortisol,otherbrainregions

A.becomesmallertoo.

B.becomelarger.

C.mayremainthesameinsize.

D.maybedamaged.

35、TheresearchconductedbyPorterandLandfieldshowsthat

A.changesinthelevelsofadrenalhormoneshavenothingtodowithbrain

aging.

B.changesinthelevelsofadrenalhormonesmayaffectbrainaging.

C.chronicstressmaystrengthenaman*smemory.

D.therateofbrainagingalwaysremainsstable.

弟一^扁

ProlongingHumanLife

Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Many

peoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeen

born100yearsago,Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeople

aroundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notan

in-creaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.

Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependency（依賴）load.In

allsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkare

dependentoftherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgathering

cultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.In

timesoffamine（饑荒）,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycould

notsurviveiftheirparentsstarved（使挨餓）,whereasiftheparentssurvived

theycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporarysocieties,peoplefeel

amoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehave

agreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttowork

orareabletoworkswealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireat

acertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,

somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStateszmanyretiredpeople

liveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustlivein

nearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessthanyoungormiddle-aged（中

年）peoplesunlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,they

mustoften"goonwelfare（福禾!j）"iftheyhaveaseriousillness.

Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweakandilltocareforthemselvesz

theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditional

cultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmost

membersofahouseholdworkingorinschoolzthereisoftennooneathome

whocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursing

homesandconvalescenthospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-making

organizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofit

groups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsaregood,mostofthemaresimply

ndumpinggrounds"forthedyinginwhich"care"isgivenbypoorlypaid,

overworked,andunderskilledpersonnel.

36、Thewriterbelievesthatthepopulationexplosionresultsfrom

A.anincreaseinbirthrates.B.theindustrial

development.

C.adecreaseindeathrates.D.culturaladvances.

37>Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinhuntingandgatheringcultures

A.itwasamoralresponsibilitytokeepold-agedpeoplealive.

B.infantscouldbeleftdeadintimesofstarvation.

C.parentshadtoimparttheculturalwisdomofthetribetotheirchildren.

D.deathwasconsideredtobefreedomfromhardships.

38、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutretired

peopleintheUnitedStatesistrue

A.Manyofthemhaveaveryhardlife.

B.Theycannotliveadecentlifewithoutenoughbanksavings.

C.Theyrelymainlyontheirchildrenforfinancialsupport.

D.Mostofthemlivewiththeirchildrenandthereforearewelllooked

after.

39、InParagraph3zthephrase"thisneed"refersto

A.theneedtoprolongthelivesofoldpeople.

B.theneedtoenrichthelifeoftheretiredpeople.

C.theneedtobuildprofit-makingnursinghomes.

D.theneedtotakecareofsickandweakpeople.

40、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter1sattitudetowardmost

ofthenursinghomes,andconvalescenthospitals?

A.Sympathetic.B.Unfriendly.C.Optimistic.D.

Critical.

—

FamousAmericanFoods

Whatzbesideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrossthe

seasoftime?It1schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedy

forthoseweakinbodyandspirit.Motherspassedtheirknowledgeonwancient

writersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeven12thcenturyphilosopherand

physicianMosesMaimonidesextolled（贊美）itsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigher

estimationthanfour-legged,animalsbecausetheairislessdensethanthe

earth.Chickensgotanotherboost（吹捧）intheBookofGenesis,whereitis

writtenthatbirdsandfishWerecreatedonthefifthdayzadaybeforefour-legged

animals.

ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyears

exploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken1sreal

Orimaginedcurative（治愈的）powerscomesfromitscolor.

Hernewbook,TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup,looksatthebeloved

andmysteriousbrewwithdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.Throughout

theages,shesaid,"Therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoods

areeasiertoeat[ortheweak-womanandtheill.H

Inaddition,"soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoonHare

considered"comfortfoods"Sheratonsaid.*'Ilovesoupandlovemakingsoup

andas!WascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish.

H

IthasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurativezastrengthbuilderzSheraton

saidfromherNewYorkhome.

HerbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitWasbrandnew.

TheNationalBroilerCouncilzthetradegrouprepresentingthechicken

industry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheybought

chicken