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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年遼寧省六校協作體高二(下)期中英語試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共37.5分)AInternationalVolunteeringinNewZealandIfyou'revisitingNewZealandandwouldliketovolunteer,DOC(DepartmentofConcentration)welcomesyoutogetinvolved.
BeforeyoucometoNewZealand
YoudonotneedaworkvisatovolunteerwithDOC.YoucanvolunteeronentrytoNewZealandaslongasyoudonotreceivepaymentorbenefits.
Youmayneedapolicecertificate
Dependingonthevolunteerworkyoudowithus,youmayberequiredtoprovideapolicecertificatetoDOC.YourpolicecertificatewouldneedtobewrittenandcertifiedinEnglish.It'seasierforyouifyougetapolicecertificatebeforeyouleaveyourcountry.
Howtogetanewpolicecertificateifyou'realreadyinNewZealand.(Clickhere)
Internationalstudents
VolunteeringwithDOCisanoptiontogainexperience.However,DOCdoesnotofferopportunitiestostudentswhostudyatuniversitiesoutsideNewZealand,orothereducationprovidersoutsideNewZealand.
Insurance
ForallvolunteerswithDOC,westronglyadviseyougelcomprehensive(綜合的)travelinsuranceandunlimitedmedicalcover.DOCdoesnotacceptresponsibilityforany:
●personalmedicaloraccidentevents.
●lossordamagetopersonalitemsofequipment,orotherassociatedcostswhileyou'revolunteeringwithDOC.1.WhatmayyouoffertoDOCifyouwanttovolunteerasaforeignerinNewZealand?______A.Auniversitydiploma. B.Aworkvisa.
C.Apolicecertificate. D.Adriverlicense.2.WhocannotvolunteerwithDOCinNewZealand?______A.AnAmericanofficialwhoistravellinginNewZealand.
B.AChinesebusinessmanwithsomevolunteeringexperiences.
C.AChineseexchangestudentintheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealand.
D.AnEnglishcollegestudentwhohasjustbeenvisitinghisuncleinNewZealand.3.Whereisthispassageprobablyfrom?______A.Astorybook. B.Awebsite.
C.Atravelguidebook. D.Anewspaper.BOnthe3rdofJuly,aboutsixinthemorning,Iwaswateringmyflowers.Ayoungmanenteredthegarden.Hewasblonde,beardless;heworeaGermancapandgoldglassesinaproudway.Along,loosewoolencoathungdowninasadwayaroundhisbody.Heworenogloves;hisleathershoeshadhugesoles.Iputdownmywatering-pot,andgreetedhiminGermanwith:"GutenMorgen!""Monsieur,"hesaidtomeinFrench,butwithaveryunpleasantaccent,"mynameisHermannSchultz;IhavecometopasssomemonthsinGreece,andIhavecarriedyourbookwithmeeverywhere."
Thatpraisefilledmyheartwithsweetjoy;thestranger'svoiceseemedmorebeautifulthanMozart'smusic,andIdirectedaswiftlookofgratitudetowardhisgoldglasses.Youwouldhardlybelievehowmuchwelovethosewhohavetakenthetroubletounderstandourjargon(行業術語).
Itookhimbythehandandseatedhimbesidemeonthegarden-bench.Hetoldmethathewasabotanistandthathehadacommissionfromthe"JardindesPlantes"inHamburg.Inordertocompletehisherbarium(植物標本館),hewasstudyingthecountry,theanimals,andthepeople.Heexpressedhimselfuneasily,butwithfranknesswhichinspiredconfidence.Hequestionedme,ifnotabouteveryoneinAthens,atleastaboutalltheprincipalpersonsinmybook.Inthecourseoftheconversation,hemadesomestatementsongeneralsubjects,whichseemedtomequiteinsightful.Therefore,theymotivatedmetothinkmoredeeplyandgetamorereasonableopinion.Attheendofanhourwehadbecomegoodfriends.4.Howdidtheauthorfindtheyoungmanatfirst?______A.Fashionable. B.Unfavorable. C.Easy-going. D.Indifferent.5.Whydidtheauthorfeelgratefultotheyoungman?______A.Becausehebroughttheauthoragoodpairofglasses.
B.Becausehethoughthighlyoftheauthor'sachievements.
C.BecausehedelightedtheauthorwithMozart'smusic.
D.Becausehetookthetimetoreadtheauthor'swork.6.Whatcanweinferabouttheyoungmanfromthelastparagraph?______A.Hewasgoodatpublicspeaking.
B.Hewaslackinginself-confidence.
C.HewasslowinlearningGermanculture.
D.Hewasenthusiasticaboutstudiesofplants.7.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?______A.Tointroduceayoungbotanist'sachievements.
B.Toshowthestartofhisfriendshipwithastranger.
C.Todescribethebenefitsofdoinggardening.
D.Toexplainthebeautyofstudyingbiology.CShenzhouXVastronautsmovedintotheTiangongspacestationonNov30astheystartedtheirsix—monthstay.ThestationorbitsEarthinabout90minutesatanaltitudeof400kilometers.Thetemperaturechangesgreatly,rangingfrom150℃whenthestationisexposedtothesunto—100℃whenoverthenightsideoftheplanet.
OnEarth,wehaveheatingsystemsorair—conditionersathometokeepuswarm.InTiangong,whatdotheyhave?Theanswerliesinthedesignsofthermal(熱量的)controlsystembytheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology.
Thefluidloop(流體回路),withliquidcirculating(循環)throughitspipes,isoneofthetechnologiesused.
"Justlikethebloodvessels(血管)inthehumanbody,thelooppipesrunalloverthestationmodules(艙),"HuangLei,oneofthedesignersofthesystem,toldXinhua,"Theymaintainatemperaturebalancebyremovingheatfromthepartsthattendtooverheatandaddingheattoothercomponentsthattendtogetcold,"Huangadded.
Forthematerialoutside,scientistshavedevelopedasilver—coloredmetallic—basedcoatingtokeepabalancebetweenthedeepfreezeofspaceandthesun'sheat.Itissimilartocoatingthespaceshipwith"sunscreen".
Thecoatingcannotonlyabsorblesssolarenergybutalsoblockheatreleasefromtheinside.Beingabletodothisdouble—dutyjob,thecoatingkeepstheenvironmentinsidebetween18and26℃,allowingastronautstostaycomfortableintheirorbitinghome.ItwasfirstusedontheShenzhouXIIIspaceship,whichwaslaunchedonOct16,2021.
Cargo(貨物)spacecraftadoptanotherkindofdesign—multilayerinsulation(多層隔熱組件).Forexample,theTianzhou4'scargocabinwasgivenagray—coloredmaterialtoabsorbmoresunlightforhumanactivities.Anotherpartthatwasfilledwithequipmentwaspaintedwithawhitematerialtocooloff.8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTiangongspacestationfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?______A.Itorbitsthesunatahighspeed.
B.Itisabout150kilometersawayfromEarth.
C.Ithasaheatingsystemtokeepwarm.
D.Itgoesthroughsharptemperaturechanges.9.Whatisthemainfunctionofthelooppipes?______A.Supplyingenergy. B.Balancingtemperature.
C.Reducingpressure. D.Controllingspeed.10.Howdoesthesilver—coloredmetallic—basedcoatingwork?______A.Byreflectingalthesunlight.
B.Byproducingandreleasingheat.
C.Bychangingthesun'sheatintopower.
D.Byabsorbingheatandpreventingheatloss.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?______A.Thelaunchofacargospacecraft.
B.Anewrecentlydesignedspacecraft.
C.Othermaterialsusedoutsidethecargospacecraft.
D.ThedifferenceofTianzhou4'scargocabin.DRegularlyeatingfishasachildcanhalvetheriskofdevelopingasthma(哮喘),asyougetolder,accordingtoateamofscientists.
QueenMaryUniversityofLondonresearchersstudieddatafrommorethan4,500childrenborninthe1990sintheUKthathavebeenmonitoredbyscientistssincebirth.Thosewhoconsumedthemostomega—3heavyfishwerelesslikelytodevelopthelife-threateningillness.
IntheUKyoungfamiliesthatincludechildrenaged5to11consumetheleastamountoffish—withjust25percentofhomeshavingitatleasttwiceaweek.One-in-elevenyoungsters—1.1millionchildren—arereceivingtreatmentforasthmaandmostadultcasesbegininchildhood,accordingtotheresearchers.SeniorauthorProfessorSeifShaheensaid,"Asthmaisthemostcommonchronic(慢性的)conditioninchildhoodandwecurrentlydon'tknowhowtopreventit.Itispossibleapoordietmayincreasetherisk,butuntilnowmoststudieshavetakensnapshots,measuringdietandasthmaoverashortperiodoftime.Instead,wemeasureddietandthenfollowedupchildrenovermanyyearstoseewhodevelopedasthmaandwhodidn't."
Theresearchersfoundthatthoseinthetopquarterforfishconsumptionhada51percentlowerriskofdevelopingasthmathanthosewhoconsumetheleastoilyfish.Seafoodisabundantinhealthyomega—3fattyacids.Oilyvarietieshavethemost.Shaheenadded,"Whilstwecannotsayforcertainthateatingmorefishwillpreventasthmainchildren,basedonyourfindings,itwouldneverthelessbesensibleforchildrenintheUKtoconsumemorefish."
TheresultswereconfirmedinanindependentgroupofpeopleborninSweden.Shaheen'steamnowplantoseeifeatingfishcanhelpdealwithasthmainpeoplewhoalreadyhavethecondition.12.WhatdidtheresearchersfindoutabouttheUKyoungfamilies?______A.Mostofthemdon'teatmuchfish.
B.Mostofthemhaveadultasthmacases.
C.Mostofthemdon'tconsumehealthyfood.
D.Mostofthemplaydowntheseriousnessofasthma.13.WhatdidShaheenthinkpreviousstudiesonasthmafailedtodo?______A.Takedietintoaccount.
B.Involveenoughparticipants.
C.Analyzethereasonsforasthma.
D.Trackparticipantsforalongtime.14.WhatadvicedoesShaheengive?______A.Uselessoiltocookfish. B.Avoidomege—3heavyfood.
C.Eatmorefishtostayhealthy. D.Trydifferenttypesofseafood.15.WhatwillShaheen'steamdonext?______A.Findwaystodealwithasthma.
B.Studyfurthertoconfirmtheirfindings.
C.Provewhethereatingfishcantreatasthma.
D.Explainwhyeatingfishcanpreventasthma.二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共12.5分)ManypeoplethinkthatEnglishwritingisdifficult.(1)______Herearesomegreatwritingtipsthatwillhelpyouimproveyourwritinginashorttime.
Don'tramble(長篇大論).Thisisaverycommonmistakemadebypeoplewhohavepoorwritingskills.Whentheyramble,theyarenotpayingattentiontogrammar.Asaresult,theirsentencesbecomeverylong.(2)______Ifyouknowyouhavepoorgrammar,useshortsentences.
(3)______Thinkabouteachsentencecarefullytomakesurethatitiscorrectbeforemovingon.
It'sbettertowriteashortpassagethatiseasytoreadandmistake-freethantowritealongarticlethatisfilledwithgrammarmistakes.
Increaseyourvocabulary.Ifyoudon'thavealargevocabulary,youwillfinditdifficulttowriteasyoucan'tfindrightwordstoexpressyourselfclearly.Thesolution(解決辦法)tothisproblemistoincreaseyourvocabulary.(4)______Youcandothisbyreadingthelocalnewspapersdaily,
borrowingbooksfromthelibraryorwatchingEnglishprograms.
Don'twritewhenyouaretired.Tirednesscanleadtonothingtowrite.Ifyoufindyourselflookingatablankpieceofpaperwithnothingtowrite,don'tjustsitthere!Takeawalkorawarmshower,orsimplyliedowntogetsomerest.(5)______You'llfindthatyou'llenjoyyourwritingalotmoreandmakefewermistakes!
A.Findoutthemistakesyou'vemade.
B.Makesureyoursentencesarecorrect.
C.Youcanpickupnewwordsalmostanywhere.
D.Writewhatinterestsyoumostinthebeginning.
E.Asaresult,theymaygiveupaftertryinghardforawhile.
F.Thelongerthesentencesare,themoremistakesthey'llmake.
G.Whenyourmindisrelaxed,youshouldgobacktoyourwriting.16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)Whilefoodbanklineshavegrownlonger,millionsofpoundsofproducearestillgoingtowaste.WhenseveralStanfordUniversitystudentsheardaboutthehugeamountoffood(1)______everyday,theywereshockedandtheyknewtheyhadto(2)______.
That'swhythey(3)______theFarmLinkProject,agrassrootsmovementthatnotonly(4)______suppliestocharities,butalsohelpsfarmersearnmoney.
"Thefarmerswanttodonatetheirsurplusfood,buttheycan't(5)______totakeontheassociated(6)______,likepackagingandtransportingit,"astudentexplained.
That'swhereFarmLinkcomesin.Fundedbydonations,they(7)______foodfromfarmersandpaytruckerstodeliver(8)______tofoodbankdistributors.
TheirfirstprojectsinAprilalonetransported50,000poundsofonionsand10,000eggsand(9)______644,000poundsoffoodacrossmanystates.Thegroupquickly(10)______toinclude20studentsandgraduatesfromfivedifferentcolleges."Our(11)______istogetproducewhereitisneededmost,"saidanotherstudent."Nofoodbankshouldhavetoturnpeopleaway."
Withsomanydedicated,caringindividualsworking(12)______tomakethathappen,wehavenodoubtthey'll(13)______theirgoal!
Talkaboutmakingadifference!(14)______FarmLink,familiesacrossthecountrywon'thavetoworryaboutgoing(15)______.21.
A.donated B.served C.consumed D.wasted22.
A.act B.wait C.check D.accept23.
A.visited B.created C.controlled D.studied24.
A.lends B.sells C.shows D.distributes25.
A.afford B.decide C.agree D.refuse26.
A.risks B.problems C.costs D.debts27.
A.cook B.enjoy C.remove D.purchase28.
A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing29.
A.produced B.exchanged C.provided D.tested30.
A.grew B.stopped C.combined D.changed31.
A.chance B.advice C.choice D.goal32.
A.casually B.independently C.smoothly D.tirelessly33.
A.support B.share C.accomplish D.imagine34.
A.Thanksto B.Exceptfor C.Asto D.Insteadof35.
A.cold B.hungry C.blind D.thirsty四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)36.Therearemanytinywondersthathumaneyescan'tsee.Thanksto(1)______wecallphotomicrographers(微觀攝影師),theamazingsmallworldshavebeenshowntothepublic.
ZhangYefei,the41-year-oldsoftwareengineerfromJiangsu,(2)______(shoot)theeggsofhundredsofbutterfliesandmoths(蛾)inthepasttwoyears.Hisphotoofjelly—likemotheggswonhim(3)______top20awardatthe2022NikonSmallWorldCompetitioninOctober,makinghiman(4)______(influence)photomicrographer.
Lookingformotheggsisverydifficult.Zhang(5)______(usual)takesamagnifyingglassduringhistripsintothewild.Heusesittolookforthe(6)______(leaf)witheggsonthem.Theeggsareoftenlessthanamillimeterinwidth.(7)______(take)photosofthem,Zhangusesamicroscopeashislens.Butaphotocancaptureonlyasmallpartoftheegg.Tofullypresentanegg,hefirsttakesaround500to1,000photosandthenusesacomputertechnologytocombine(8)______.
(9)______thechallenges,photomicrographyalsobringsZhangsurprises.WhenheusesLEDlightstolightthephotos,thetemperaturecanspeeduptheincubation(孵化)oftheeggs.Sohewasabletoseehowalarva(幼蟲)turnsintoabutterfly."I'lltryandfindoutmoreinterestingthingsaboutthesmallworld(10)______bringthemtolight,"Zhangsaid.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)37.假設你是李華,你班英語課堂將舉行一個主題為"natureisourbestteacher"英語演講比賽,請你根據對下圖的理解寫一篇演講稿。
演講稿內容包括:1.圖畫內容;
2.你從圖畫中得到了什么啟示注意:
(1)詞數80字左右;
(2)可適當加入細節,以使內容充實、行文連貫;
Boysandgirls,
38.Jackson'sfamilyhiredadriver.Thedriver'sfamilycametostaywiththeminasmallhouseintheirbackyard.That'showJacksonmetthedriver'seight-year-oldsonTom.FromthedayhemetJackson,Tombecamehisfan.ForTom,11-year-oldJacksonseemedtobeabigboy.HewouldalwaysfollowJacksonaround.
Tomdidn'tgotoschool.Hewasadmittedtoalocalgovernmentschool,butherefusedtogo.HetoldJacksonshylythattheteachersonlymadethemcopywordsfromtheblackboard.Sincehehadn'tlearnedhowtoread,hecouldnotunderstandanythingthatwaswrittenontheblackboard.Jacksonfeltsorryforhim.OnSunday,JacksonsawTomsittingunderatreeholdinganalphabet(字母表)bookinhishands.JacksonwalkedquietlytowardshimanddiscoveredthatTomwasholdingthebookupsidedown.
JacksontookthebookoutofTom'shandsandturnedtherightsideup."Thisishowyoushouldread,"hetoldTom.TwobigtearsrolleddownTom'scheeks.TomtoldJackson,"Iwanttobelikeyou,butIcan'tdoanything."Thatevening,JacksontoldhisparentstheyhadtohelpTomgetintoabetterschool.ItwasnoteasytomakeTomadmittedtoanewschool,becausethetimeforadmissionwasover.
Luckily,oneprincipal(校長)lookedatTomkindlyandadmittedhimtoherschool.ThenextdayTomwenttohisnewschoolwearinganewshirt.ButwhenTomreturnedfromschool,hewasabitsad.Theotherchildreninhisclasshadlaughedathim.HetoldJackson,"TheyallsaidIammucholderthanthembutinasmallerclass.Idon'twanttogotoschool."
注意:1.續寫詞數應為150左右;2.請按如下格式作答。
Paragraphl:
Jacksonsaid,"Don'tworry,Tom,Iwillteachyoutoread."_____________
Paragraph2:
Twomonthslater,Tomreturnedfromschoolwithabrightsmile._______________
答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、B【解析】(1)C.細節理解題。根據第三段中的"DependingonthevolunteerworkyoudowithusyoumayberequiredtoprovideapolicecertificatetoDOC???????????????????.根據你和我們一起做的志愿者工作,你可能需要提供一份警察證"可知,根據志愿者所從事的工作,志愿者可能需要向DOC提供警察開具的證明.即如果你想在新西蘭以外國人的身份從事志愿者活動,你可以向DOC提供警察開具的證明。故選C.
(2)D.推理判斷題。根據Internationalstudents?部分中的"VolunteeringwithDOSisanoptiontogainexperience.
However,
DOCdoesnotofferopportunitiestostudentswhostudyat?????????????????:
●universitiesoutsideNewZealand,
orothereducationprovidersoutsideNewZealand.?????????志愿參加DOS是獲得經驗的一種選擇.但是,DOC不為在以下學校學習的學生提供機會:●新西蘭以外的大學或新西蘭以外的其他教育機構。"可知,DOC不會為在新西蘭以外的大學及其他教育機構學習的學生提供做志愿者的機會。結合選項可知,一位來到新西蘭叔叔家做客幾天的英國大學生不能在新西蘭參與DOC的志愿者活動。故選D.
(3)B.文章出處題。根據文章第一段中的"Ifyou'revisitingNewZealandandwouldliketovolunteer,
DOC
?????????(DepartmentofConcentration??)
welcomesyoutogetinvolved.????如果你想去新西蘭做志愿者,DOC(集中部)歡迎你參與進來。"可知,這是新西蘭的DOC部門發布的一則招募志愿者的公告。根據Youmayneedapolicecertificate?????部分中的"Howtogetanewpolicecertificateifyou'realreadyinNewZealand.
????????????(Clickhere?)如果您已經在新西蘭,如何獲得新的警察證書(單擊此處)"可知,如果你已經在新西蘭,請點擊這里了解如何獲得新的警察證明。由此可知,這則公告發布在了一個網站上。故選B.
本文是一篇應用文。這篇文章是新西蘭的DOC部門發布的一則招募志愿者的公告。
1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。
2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。
3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。
4~7.【答案】B、D、D、B【解析】(1)B.推理判斷題.根據文章第一段的句子he
said
to
me
in
French,but
with
a
very
unpleasant
accent他用法語對我說,但口音很難聽可知,A.Fashionable時尚的;B.Unfavorable.令人不快的;C.Easy-going容易相處的.D.Indifferent漠不關心的.故選B.
(2)D.細節理解題.根據第一段的I
have
carried
your
book
with
me
everywhere.我到處都帶著你的書.可知,作者對年輕人很感激,因為他花時間看作者的書.故選D.
(3)D.推理判斷題.根據最后一段的In
order
to
complete
his
herbarium(植物標本館),he
was
studying
the
country,the
animals,and
the
people.為了完成他的標本室,他在研究國家、動物和人民.可知,這個年輕人對研究植物很有熱情.故選D.
(4)B.寫作意圖題.根據文章最后一段的句子At
the
end
of
an
hour
we
had
become
good
friends.一小時后我們成了好朋友.可知,作者寫這篇文章是為了告訴我們他和一個陌生人友誼的開始.故選B.
本文介紹作者一開始遇到一個陌生人,一開始這個年輕人的著裝和口音都讓作者不快,經過交談作者知道年輕人一直在看他的書,而且年輕人對植物很有熱情,作者很快和這個年輕人成為朋友.
做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析,結合選項選出正確答案.做題時要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據.
8~11.【答案】D、B、D、C【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據文章第一段Thetemperaturechangesgreatly,rangingfrom150℃whenthestationisexposedtothesunto—100℃whenoverthenightsideoftheplanet.(溫度變化很大,從空間站暴露在太陽下時的150℃到地球背面的-100℃。)可知,天宮空間站經歷了劇烈的溫度變化。故選D。
(2)細節理解題。根據文章第四段"Justlikethebloodvessels(血管)inthehumanbody,thelooppipesrunalloverthestationmodules(艙),"HuangLei,oneofthedesignersofthesystem,toldXinhua,"Theymaintainatemperaturebalancebyremovingheatfromthepartsthattendtooverheatandaddingheattoothercomponentsthattendtogetcold,"Huangadded.(該系統的設計者之一黃磊在接受新華社采訪時表示:"就像人體內的血管一樣,環管遍布空間站的各個模塊。它們通過從容易過熱的部件中散熱,并向其他容易變冷的部件添加熱量來保持溫度平衡。")可知,環管就像人體內的血管一樣,遍布空間站的各個模塊,通過幫助過熱的部件散熱以及向容易變冷的部件添加熱量來保持溫度平衡。故選B。
(3)推理判斷題。根據文章第六段Thecoatingcannotonlyabsorblesssolarenergybutalsoblockheatreleasefromtheinside.(這種涂層不僅可以吸收較少的太陽能,而且還可以阻止熱量從內部釋放。)可知,這種銀色的金屬基涂層可以吸收熱量以及防止熱量散失。A.By
reflecting
al
the
sunlight.通過反射所有的陽光;B.By
producing
and
releasing
heat.通過產生和釋放熱量;C.By
changing
the
sun's
heat
into
power.通過將太陽的熱量轉化為能量;D.By
absorbing
heat
and
preventing
heat
loss.通過吸收熱量和防止熱量損失。故選D。
(4)段落大意題。根據文章最后一段Cargo(貨物)spacecraftadoptanotherkindofdesign—multilayerinsulation(多層隔熱組件).Forexample,theTianzhou4'scargocabinwasgivenagray—coloredmaterialtoabsorbmoresunlightforhumanactivities.Anotherpartthatwasfilledwithequipmentwaspaintedwithawhitematerialtocooloff.(貨運飛船采用了另一種設計多層隔熱組件。例如,天舟四號的貨艙采用了灰色材料,以便為人類活動吸收更多的陽光。另一個裝滿設備的部分被涂上白色材料冷卻。)可知,文章最后一段主要介紹了天舟四號的貨艙外部使用的其他用來隔熱的材料。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了天宮空間站是如何維持內部溫度平衡的。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調等,這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關系,研究細節的暗示,推敲作者的態度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
我們在做完形填空時,首先需要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要學會帶著問題到文中相應的地方,通過細節閱讀來尋找或概括答案;最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要;做此類題時,要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配,在平時多積累一些固定搭配。
12~15.【答案】A、D、C、C【解析】(1)細節理解題。根據第三自然段IntheUKyoungfamiliesthatincludechildrenaged5to11consumetheleastamountoffish—withjust25percentofhomeshavingitatleasttwiceaweek.One—in—elevenyoungsters—1.1millionchildren—arereceivingtreatmentforasthmaandmostadultcasesbegininchildhood,accordingtotheresearchers.(在英國,包括5至11歲兒童在內的年輕家庭食用魚類的數量最少,只有25%的家庭每周至少食用兩次。研究人員稱,每11名青少年中就有1名即110萬兒童正在接受哮喘治療,大多數成人病例始于兒童時期。)可知,研究人員對英國年輕家庭的調查發現他們中的大多數人不怎么吃魚。故選A。
(2)細節理解題。根據第三自然段It
is
possible
a
poor
diet
may
increase
the
risk,but
until
now
most
studies
have
taken
snapshots,measuring
diet
and
asthma
over
a
short
period
of
time.
(不良飲食可能會增加風險,但到目前為止,大多數研究都是在短時間內對飲食和哮喘進行測量。)可知,Shaheen認為關于哮喘的早期研究沒能長期跟蹤參與者。故選D。
(3)細節理解題。根據第四自然段Shaheen
added,
"Whilst
we
cannot
say
for
certain
that
eating
more
fish
will
prevent
asthma
in
children,based
on
your
findings,it
would
nevertheless
be
sensible
for
children
in
the
UK
to
consume
more
fish."(Shaheen補充道:"雖然我們不能肯定多吃魚會預防兒童哮喘,但根據你的研究結果,英國兒童多吃魚是明智的。")可知,Shaheen建議人們多吃魚。故選C。
(4)推理判斷題。根據最后一段Shaheen's
team
now
plan
to
see
if
eating
fish
can
help
deal
with
asthma
in
people
who
already
have
the
condition.
(Shaheen的團隊現在計劃看看吃魚是否有助于治療已經患有哮喘的人的哮喘。)可知,Shaheen的團隊接下來會研究吃魚是否有助于治療已經患有哮喘的人的哮喘。A.Find
ways
to
deal
with
asthma.找到對付哮喘的方法;B.Study
further
to
confirm
their
findings.進一步研究以證實他們的發現;C.Prove
whether
eating
fish
can
treat
asthma.證明吃魚是否可以治療哮喘;D.Explain
why
eating
fish
can
prevent
asthma.解釋為什么吃魚可以預防哮喘。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。倫敦瑪麗女王大學的研究人員發現,隨著年齡的增長,小時候經常吃魚可以將患哮喘的風險減半。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調等,這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關系,研究細節的暗示,推敲作者的態度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
我們在做完形填空時,首先需要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要學會帶著問題到文中相應的地方,通過細節閱讀來尋找或概括答案;最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要;做此類題時,要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配,在平時多積累一些固定搭配。
16~20.【答案】E、F、B、C、G【解析】(1)E.話題導入題。根據上文中ManypeoplethinkthatEnglishwritingisdifficult.(很多人認為英語寫作很難。)及下文Herearesomegreatwritingtipsthatwillhelpyouimproveyourwritinginashorttime.(這里有一些很棒的寫作技巧,可以幫助你在短時間內提高寫作水平。)提到的要介紹幾個技巧,再結合所給選項,可知E項"結果,他們努力一段時間后就可能放棄了"'銜接自然,符合語境。故選E。
(2)F.細節理解題。結合上文的theirsentencesbecomeverylong.(他們的句子變得很長。)和下文的Ifyouknowyouhavepoorgrammar,useshortsentences.(如果你知道你的語法不好,就使用短句子。)可知,因此F項"你寫的句子越長,語法錯誤就有可能越多。"承上啟下,符合語境。故選F。
(3)B.段落主旨題。根據下文Thinkabouteachsentencecarefullytomakesurethatitiscorrectbeforemovingon.Itsbettertowriteashortpassagethatiseasytoreadandmistake-freethantowritealongarticlethatisfilledwithgrammarmistakes.(仔細思考每一個句子,確保它是正確的,然后再繼續。寫一篇容易讀并且沒有錯誤的短文要比寫一篇充滿語法錯誤的長文章好。)可知,本段主要講述了要力爭寫出準確的句子,為了避免錯誤,文章要寫的短小準確,由此可推測出本段的主題句為B項"確保你的句子是正確的",故選B。
(4)C.推理判斷題。結合上文Thesolutiontothisproblemistoincreaseyourvocabulary.(解決這個問題的方法就是增加你的詞匯量。)及下文的Youcandothisbyreadingthelocalnewspapersdaily,borrowingbooksfromthelibraryorwatchingEnglishprograms.(你可以通過每天閱讀當地報紙,從圖書館借書或看英語節目來做到這一點。)可推斷出,此處要表達:在任何地方都能學到詞匯,而C"你幾乎可以在任何地方學習新單詞"正是此意,故選C。
(5)G.推理判斷題。根據上文Don'twritewhenyouaretired.Tirednesscanleadtonothingtowrite.Ifyoufindyourselflookingatablankpieceofpaperwithnothingtowrite,don'tjustsitthere!Takeawalkorawarmshower,orsimplyliedowntogetsomerest(累的時候不要寫。疲倦會導致什么也寫不出來。如果你發現自己面對著一張白紙,沒有什么可寫的,不要只是坐在那里!散散步,洗個熱水澡,或者只是躺下來休息一下。)提到,疲勞的時候寫作容易犯錯,或寫不出來,這個時候要適當休息,由此可推測出,放輕松就容易寫出文章來,而G"當你的思想放松時,你應該回到你的寫作"與上文銜接很好,符合語境。故選G。
本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了能夠在短時間內幫助提高寫作的幾個寫作技巧。
考查選句填空。做題時,要通讀全文,了解常見寫作順序,重點理解空白處前后的句子,關注段落中各句子之間的邏輯關系,如:并列、轉折、因果關系及其它關系。把握意思的連貫性、邏輯性,鎖定線索詞,認真閱讀選項,排除迷惑項,確定選項后,再快速泛讀全文,確保文章上下銜接流暢,選項有據可依。
21~35.【答案】D、A、B、D、A、C、D、B、C、A、D、D、C、A、B【解析】(1)考查動詞及語境理解。A.donated捐獻;B.served服務;C.consumed消耗;D.wasted浪費。句意:當幾名斯坦福大學的學生聽說每天有大量的食物被浪費時,他們感到震驚,他們知道他們必須采取行動。根據上文"millionsofpoundsofproducearestillgoingtowaste"和"theywereshocked"可知,大量的食物被浪費。故選D。
(2)考查動詞及語境理解。A.act行動;B.wait等待;C.check檢查,核對;D.accept接受。句意:當幾名斯坦福大學的學生聽說每天有大量的食物被浪費時,他們感到震驚,他們知道他們必須采取行動。根據上文"When
several
Stanford
University
students
heard
about
the
huge
amount
of
food(1)________
every
day"可知,他們得知大量食物被浪費,所以要采取行動。故選A。
(3)考查動詞及語境理解。A.visited訪問;B.created創造;C.controlled控制;D.studied學習。句意:這就是為什么他們創建了Farm
Link
Project項目,這是一個草根運動,不僅向慈善機構分發物資,而且幫助農民賺錢。根據下文的"a
grassroots
movement"可知,此處指創建這個項目。故選B。
(4)考查動詞及語境理解。A.lends借出;B.sells出售;C.shows展示;D.distributes分發,分配。句意:這就是為什么他們創建了Farm
Link
Project項目,這是一個草根運動,不僅向慈善機構分發物資,而且幫助農民賺錢。根據空后"supplies
to
charities,but
also
helps
farmers
earn
money"可知,此處指分發物資。故選D。
(5)考查動詞及語境理解。A.afford負擔;B.decide決定;C.agree同意;D.refuse拒絕。句意:農民們解釋說,他們想捐出剩余的食物,但他們負擔不起包裝和運輸學生等相關費用。根據上文"The
farmers
want
to
donate
their
surplus
food,but
they
can't(5)________
to
take
on
the
associated…"中but表示轉折可知,農民們想捐出剩余的食物,但他們負擔不起包裝和運輸學生等相關費用。故選A。
(6)考查名詞及語境理解。A.risks風險;B.problems問題,難題;C.cost費用;D.debts債務。句意:農民們解釋說,他們想捐出剩余的食物,但他們負擔不起包裝和運輸學生等相關費用。根據下文"like
packaging
and
transporting
it"可知,負擔不起相關費用。故選C。
(7)考查動詞及語境理解。A.cook烹飪;B.enjoy喜愛;C.remove移開,除去;D.purchase買。句意:由捐款資助,他們從農民那里購買食品,并付錢給卡車司機,把所有的東西送到食品銀行的分銷商那里。根據下文"food
from
farmers
and
pay
truckers"可知,此處指從農民那里購買食品。故選D。
(8)考查不定代詞及語境理解。A.something某事;B.e
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