Chapter13Auditnot-for-profitorganizationsandsmall PartEReviewand Chapter14Auditreviewand Going Overallreviewofthefinancial Chapter15 Overallreviewof考試時間：3（答題時間）+10（讀考試指南時間部題分總3*5*2題總PassOveralPartAAuditframeworkandChapter1StatutoryauditandotherAssuranceservicesAssuranceEngagement-Anassuranceengagementis (practitioner)expressesaconclusiondesignedto ofconfidenceoftheintendedusers,otherthantherespo comeoftheevaluationormeasurementofasu lecriteria.Criteria標準Report報告EvidenceSubjectmatter對象ThreepartyTypesofassuranceReasonablePositiveassuranceReasonableassuranceisnotabsoluteas thereareinherentlimitations（固 chresultintheauditorforminganopiniononevi therthanconclusive(說服性的而意見方式：Inouropinionthefinancialstatementsgiveordonotgiveatrueandfairasawholearefrommaterialmisstatement,whetherduetofraudorerror.Audit-審計(具體有財報審計、工程審計、離 、審計等等Limited(Negative)意見方式：Nothinghascometohis thattheF/Scontainsmaterialmisstatements.ReviewofF/S wEngagement2400ForecastStatutoryauditF/Saudit)法定審計(法定審計也可以叫財報審計，是眾多審計中的一TheobjectiveofStatutoryaudit（FSThepurposeofanauditistoenhancethe usersinfinancialCRESTofStatutory

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iveyears)中超過總Disclosethistothose Arrangeforare erbyanexternalprofessionalaccountantorbyaregu canbeeitherbeforetheauditopiniononthesecondyear'sfi entsisissueda'pre-issuancereview')orafteritisissued(a'postissuancere ')外部機構進行審閱separateRecentservicewithanaudit（toauditRemovethatindividualfromtheengagementPrepareaccountingrecordsandfinancialbliceseparateteamofnon-auditstaffperformtheValuationForlistedorpublic st,notpermittedtoprovidevaluationTaxationservice稅務服務TaxreturnpreparationPermitedaslongasmanagementtakes TaxListedorpublicinterest Mustnot Useseparateteamofnon-auditstafftoperformtheservice.Taxnning&Taxa /Assistanceintheresolutionoftaxdisputesmaybypermitted(self-review,advocacy)Maynotifdependonaccountingtreatment.Useseparateteamofnon-auditstaffInternalauditserviceIfrelatedtoinernalcontrolorListedorpublicNotlistedorpublicMust Usesepa teamofnon-auditstaffto ITsystemsservices信息系統服務General,ITsystemworkforaud ernalcontrolorfinancialreportingisnotdeemed snomanagementresponsibilityisassumedbytheaIfrelatedto lListedListedorMustNotlistedorpublicUseseparateperformnon-auditstaff Familiaritythreata.HavinganforaafamiliaritythreatFor :sanengagementpartner/keyauditforsevenyears,theyrotatedofftheauditforfive/twoyears.Duringtime,theycannotbeontheauditteamandcannotconsultauditteamonanyissuesthatmayaffecttheengagementgeneralindustryEngagementIndividualresponsibleforengagementqualityKeyaudit23接受禮品或者折扣（重大時不可接受）Self-interest間接:之前的審計的跳槽到客戶那里(直接:Self-interest間接:AdvocacythreatAdvocacythreatsariseinthosesituat promotesapositionoropiniontothepointthatsubs Representinganaud axenquiry在法律或稅務咨詢中Apartner beanemployeeoffirmasGeneralcounselforlegalaffairs nt.不能在客戶單位擔任法律顧問Auditortopro theirsharesforastockexchangelisting沒有IntimidationthreatThreatofremovalofThreatofnotbeing mentsifdisagreewithaccountingPressuretoreduc heextentofworkperformedinordertoreduceDisclosingtotheauditcommitteethenatureandextentofRemovingspecificaffectedindividualsfromtheAdditionalprofessionalaccountantontheResignifthreattoo1313 iiiii-14上市公司，審計收入連續兩年超過15%可以繼續審計，但需向治 iii)關鍵與客戶的財務iii)關鍵與客戶的財務 關系密切，很有可能導致后續審計過程中不客觀，存1iiiself-interestfamiliarityChapter5AcceptingauditIssuesIssuesbeforeWhetherthereisatscompliancewithACCA’sCodeofEthicsandWhethertheyarecompetenttoperformtheworkandwhethe appropriateresourcesavailable,aswellasanyspecial requiredfortheauditofthepotential.TheyneedtoconsiderthereputationConsiderthelevelofriskandwhet eisadequateinrelationtotheriskofauditinCommunicatewithPreconditionsfortheaudit 提條件（只有先決條件滿足才可以接受新客戶PreconditionsfortheWhetherthefinancialreportingframeworktobeappliedinthepreparation’sfinancialstatementsisWemustobtaintheagreementofmanageme itsresponsibilityforthefollowing:Preparingthefinancialstat htheapplicablefinancialreportingframeworkInternalcont ablethepreparationoffinancialstatementswhicharefr Toprovideaud accesstoallrelevantinformationforthepreparationofthefinancialstatements..Ifthepreconditionsarenotpresent,theauditorshallnot EngagementletterPurposeofAnengagementl greementofthetermsoftheauditengagementbetwee dmanagementorthosechargedwithernance.Confirmingthatthereis monunderstandingbetweentheauditorandmanagement,andhelpstoavoidmisunderstandingswithrespec otheaudit.ContentofengagementMustObjectiveandscopeofaudit（F/STheresponsibilitiesoftheauditor（獲 Theresponsibilitiesof 有重大錯報風險Financialreporting 準則Expectedformand MaySomematerialmisstatementsmaynotbeArrangementsregardingthenningand nceofBasisonfees（只能按工作量Factorswhichwouldindicatethatan nexistingauditshouldberevised需要對現有 ArecentchangeofAsignificant eentity’sAchange Achangein ryQualitycontrolatafirmQualitycontrolatafirm passestheFirmandleadershipresponsibilitiesforPromotingaculturewherequality HumanRecruitingandretraini abilities,competence,andcommitmentto rmengagementsinaccordancewithprofessionalstan oryrequirements（加強人員培訓）EngagementImplementingpoliciesandprocedurestoensurequalitycontrolatheindividualengagementlevel（每個項目更強的質量）Evaluatingqualitycontrolprocedurestoens andeffectiveandarecompliedwith(EngagementDirection指導Supervision監督Review復核Consulation詢問ResolutionofdisputesDirection指導Partnersarerequiredtoholdameetingwi amtodiscusstheaudit,inparticulartherisksassociatedwithth Supervision監督Theauditissup gementpartner,butmorepractical teambyseniorstafftomorejuniorstaff.總體是項 Thesuperviso uldkeeptrackoftheprogresstoensurethatheaudittimetableisappropriateConsiderthecompetenceandcapabilitiesofThesupervisorshouldaddressanysignifi consideringtheirsignificanceandt Review復核（組內復核Thesupervisorshoul tedbytheassistants,consideringifthework lusionsandbeenproperlyThesupervisorsh ignificantmattershavebeensolvedandbeenEnagementqualitycontrolreview項目質量復核（組外復核Engagementqualitycontrolreviewsarerequiredforauditsof tiesandanyotherengagementswheretheauditfirmhasdetermined ewisrequired上市公司以及認為有必要的都需Forlistedaudits,theengagement Thefirm’sindependenceinWhetherappropriateWhetherauditrssupportstheconclusionsAuditnntheRiskassessment(Auditrisk&response) PartBAuditInternalcontroloperates

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Ifthecontrolsoperateeffectively,reducethelevelofdetailedsubstantiveMaterialityMisstatementsareconsideredtobematerialifthey,individually egate,reasonablybeexpectedtoinfluencetheeconomicBoththeamount(ty)andnature(quality)o bothneedtobeconsidered.Thedeterminationofmaterialitywill gementandwilldependonthelevelofauditrisk.。Thehigherthe ueofmaterialitywillMaterialityfortheF/Sasawhole報表總體的重要性水平有時也叫“overallmateriality”簡稱OM5ofprofitbeforetax,1oftotalrevenueorlPerformancematerialityPMPerformancematerialityisnormallyset rallmaterialitytoreducetheriskthatthetotaloferrorsin disclosuresdoesnotintotalexceedoverallmateriality.Determine fessionalTheperf lisaffectedbytheauditor'sunderstandingoftheentityand extentofmisstatementsidentifiedinpriorauditsPM一般受到 對企業的了解及以前識別的錯報（通常以前識別的錯報越多實Auditation（Auditfile/WorkingThe mends7yearsasa Informationcontainedinworking deavailabletothirdpartieswithoutthepermissionoft ThereasonforItprovides fkeyItprovides 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auditordoesnot,andcannot,examineallavailablee msauditproceduresonasampleofitems. estheriskthattheauditor'sproceduresdonotdetectmateriaglmisstat ntduetofactorsotherthanthesampletested.FactorsFactorswhichincreasenon-samplingriskAuditor'slackofTime/Lackof UnderstandingthetRiskassessmentInquiriesObservationandyticalSourceofPermanentauditPreviousCurrent cialAssessingtherisksofmaterialWhentheauditorhasobtainedanunderstandin allassesstherisksofmaterialmisstatementinthefinancia ingsignificantrisks.F/Sassertions報表層 ncialAssertionlevel 題Respondingtothe OverallresponsesProfessionalskepticismisanattitudethatincludesaquestioni eingalerttoconditionwhichmayindicatepossiblemisstatementdue acriticalassessmentofauditevidence.Responsesattheassertionlevel具體TOC&Substantive apter9,10具體學Grossprofitmargin=Gross一般如果沒有價格重大的變化，毛利率理論上 不變Increase,說明Revenueoverstated或 Decrease,說明Revenue Receivabledays=TradeIncreases,TRmayoversta derstatedwriteDecreaseTR Inventory les tated,后續需關注write understated,后續需關注Payabledays /costofsalesIncreases,payblemayoverstated,有可能說明公司有，無法償付負債， Decreases,payablemayunderstated,后續需 Currentratio=Currentasset/CurrentliabilityQuickratio(Acidtest)=(currentasset-invDecreases,有可能公司有流動性 concern有問題。AuditriskInventoriesrequiresthatcostsincludedinvaluin ndservicesshouldonlybethoseincurredinbringinginventorytoitsp dcondition.存貨成本只包 ,不包含generalLowerofNRV& Underthestan thecostofanassetincludesitspurchasepriceanddirectlyattributablecosts Maintenance&保養，維修和升級成本的會計準則（ ted$15mrefurbishingtheirexistingne）：符合資本 Iftheexpenditureisincapitalnatu herwise,itshouldbeexpensedasrepairs.IntangiblePantent商標Thestandardrequires purchasingpantentshouldbecapitalizedintointangibleassets,R&D(Research&Thestandardrequiresresearchcoststobeexpensedtoprofito coststobecapitalizedasanintangibleasset.Advertisingcostcan’tbeincludedincurrentass operatingexpenses.(費不能資本化，Customerpaynon-refun ductscompletionShouldberecordedasdeferre therthanrevenue,otherwise, ewouldbeoverstated.正確做 錯誤做 SaleswithreturnRevenueand 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Thismayindicatemorereceivableisirrecoverable,thereisariskthatthereceivableisovervalued.Sincesomebalancesmaybeirrecoverable,thereisaristradereceivablesareSincethebauldnot ofPPE,otherwise,ariskthatPPEare

Extendedpostyear-endcashreceiptstestingandreviewgedreceivablereporttoassessthereasonablenessofawnanceforawithmanagementfortherationalaintaininganallowanceandostyearcashreceiptassessthebtainaco