本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——?dú)W洲文化入門(mén)RenaissanceandReforamtion

newperceptionandnewbeliefexploration

emergenceofmodernstatesandtherisingofbourgeoisiecriticismofchurchcorruptionandreformation

PartoneTheRenaissanceinItalyParttwoTheRenaissanceincountriesotherthanItalyPartthreeTheReformation

PartoneTheRenaissanceinItaly

Ⅰ.HistoricalContextⅡ.HumanismandRationalismⅢ.TheArts

Ⅳ.ScienceandTechnology

Ⅰ.HistoricalContext●EuropeancrisisinthelateMiddleAges

●TheeffectofwealthyChristianshipping--Italianbankingfamilies:Moneyeconomy

Ⅱ.HumanismandRationalism●HumanismanewattitudedevelopedtowardsthehumanbeingGiannozzoManetti(1396-1459)OntheDignityofManvalue,spirit,life,happinessofhumanbeingfreewillandfreechoicebelieveinknowledge●HumanistsFrancescoPetrarc(1304—1374),alsoPetrarch,crownedwithlaurelleaves,OnfamousMen(1337),Africa(1338),OnReligiousIdleness(1345),TheSolitaryLife(1345-1347),BucolicSong(1345-1347)

GiovanniBoccaccio(1313-1375)Decameron(1350)

humannature,earthlypleasure,trueloveandwisdom

●Rationalismalesseningoffaith,LorenzoValla(c.1406-1457),AboutEnjoymentsociallife,BaldassareCastiglione(1478-1529),TheBookoftheCourtier(1528)politicaltheory,NiccoloMachiavelli馬基雅維利(1469-1527),ThePrince,1513,--theendjustifiesthemeans.OntheArtofWar(1520),DiscourseonLivy(1531)

Ⅲ.TheArts

●ArchitectureThecathedralinFlorence

--combinationofhumanwithuniverse;compoundstructureonaestheticnotspiritualappeal(Gothicstyle)

FilippoBrunelleschi(1377-1446):thedomeofcathedralinFlorence

LeonBattistaAlberti(1406-1472),emphasizedproportionandbalance,Greekinfluence,AboutPainting,AboutBuilding,AboutSculpture

AndreaPalladio(1508-1580),thegreathouses,whichreflectanelegantandwealthydomesticstyleofliving

●PaintingandsculpturesTheCrucifixion(1287-1288)TheVenusofUrbino(1538)

Thesubject,thesetting,anatomy,themood,themessage

GittodiBondone(1267-1337),founderofmodernart﹡naturaltendernessandsoftnessofcolor﹡real

TommasoMasaccio(1401-1428),﹡realismandnaturalismtheExpulsionofAdamandEve

Donatello(1386-1466),oneoffoundersofRenaissancestyleEquestrianstatueofVenetiangeneralGattemelata

DavidatBargelloMuseum,Florence

SandroBottcelli(1445-1510)TheBirthofVenusPrimavera(Spring)

LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)

TheVitruvianMan.Self-portraitLeonardodacirca.Vinci’s(1452—1512-15151519)famousdrawinginwhichhelooksfortheproportionsoftheTheLastSupper(1498)humanbody.

MonaLisaorLaGioconda(1503–1505/1507)—Louvre,Paris,France

MichelangeloBuonarroti(1475—1564)StatueofDavid

theceilingoftheSistineChapel;(1508-1512)

PortraitofPopeJuliusIIbyRaphael(1483—1520)

Ⅳ.ScienceandTechnology●Criticalthought,doubtandquestioning

●LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)-dissectionofhumanandanimals

●AndreasVesalius(1514-1564)

Humanbody

●NicolausCopernicus(1473—1543)TheLittleCommentary,1514

OntheRevolutionoftheHeavenlySpheres●ThetechnologyofwarthemanufactureoflargecannonlowerandthickerwallswithdeepprotectiveditchesandplatformsParttwoTheRenaissanceincountriesotherthanItaly●FranceFrancoisI(r.1515-1547),patron

FranRabelais(c.1483-1553)oisTheLifeofGargantuaandofPantagruel(1534-1546)

MichelEyquesdeMontaigne(1533—1592)Essays,1580PierredeRonsard(1524—1585)PoetWhatdoIknow?

●England

QueenElizabethIofEngland(1533—1603)SirThomasMore(1472—1535)Utopia,1516FrancisBacon(15611626)―Knowledgeispower‖EdmundSpenser(c.1552—1599),TheFaerieQueene

WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)

38playsTheGlobeTheatre

●SpainKingFerdinandandQueenIsabellaElGreco(Dom