英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)句子句子從目的上分：1.陳述句2疑問(wèn)句1）一般疑問(wèn)句2）選擇疑問(wèn)句3）反意疑問(wèn)句4）特殊疑問(wèn)句5）雙重疑問(wèn)句3．祈使句4．感嘆句句子從結(jié)構(gòu)上分：1．簡(jiǎn)單句2．并列句（并列復(fù)合句）3．復(fù)合句（主從復(fù)合句）1）名詞性從句：（1）主從(2)賓從(3)表從(4)同從2）形容詞性從句定從（限定性的定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句）3)副詞性從句（狀從）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型五種句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，

主謂

主謂賓

主系表

主謂雙賓語(yǔ)（間賓直賓）主謂復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓+賓補(bǔ)）

主語(yǔ)（subject）:是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體。

Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名詞）

Helikesdancing.

（代詞）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)

Seeingisbelieving.

（動(dòng)名詞）

Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語(yǔ)從句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.謂語(yǔ)（predicate）:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。

WestudyEnglish.

Helikesplayingthegames.(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whomD.book表語(yǔ)（predicative）:系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。

Heisateacher.

（名詞）

Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）

Heisasleep.

（形容詞）

Hisfatherisin.

（副詞）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介詞短語(yǔ))

Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容詞化的分詞）

Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）

Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.

（表語(yǔ)從句）

（常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:befeel(摸起來(lái),sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）,look（看起來(lái)）,taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）,smell（聞起來(lái)）

keep,stay,remain（保持，仍是）get,become,turnfeel（感覺(jué)）...

Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.

Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.

Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.

Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.

(三)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓

IlikeChina.（名詞）

Hehatesyou.（代詞）

Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（動(dòng)名詞）

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語(yǔ)從句）

2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）雙賓語(yǔ)-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）

Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘）①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"

reallyis.

劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)（5分，5分鐘）Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?

賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）

Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副詞)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語(yǔ)）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）

Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）

Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過(guò)去分詞）

主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。

Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

(五)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。形容詞作定語(yǔ)：AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）

Heisourfriend.（代詞）

Webelongtothethirdworld.

（數(shù)詞）

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）

Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)

TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.

（現(xiàn)在分詞）

Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過(guò)去分詞）

Ihaveanideatodoitwell.

（不定式）

YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.

（定語(yǔ)從句）

(六)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）①Theyuse

Mr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步.狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活，常見(jiàn)情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般須在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose.（注意，此句onhisnose不可省略！）副詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：Theboyneedsapenverymuch./（程度狀語(yǔ)）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)則狀語(yǔ)前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語(yǔ)）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語(yǔ))OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里沒(méi)有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語(yǔ)）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./（因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無(wú)聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語(yǔ)）

不定式作狀語(yǔ)：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語(yǔ)）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣.

名詞作狀語(yǔ)：Comethisway!/走這條路！（方向狀語(yǔ)）

狀語(yǔ)從句：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)（8分，8分鐘）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.劃分句子成分練習(xí)二1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞）1Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)）1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)）1MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.11Everymorningweh