2020全國英語等級考試pets1級閱讀理解題SuperconductingMaterialsThestoneage，TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience——oncetheleastsexytechnology-isburstingwithnew，practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture：fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth，theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics，glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers‘increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics，forexample，havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit，scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges，ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars，touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter，whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape，hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample，graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides，composites-plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds-madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat：ahelmetsavedaninfantryman‘slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult，forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?e答案：B三種超導材料。答案再段后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應用范圍有限。但是通過改善導致脆性的微小缺陷，科學家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅實得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料。“類似的轉折發生在塑料上，高強度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機的葉輪。一種震動或推動就能發電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動記錄每次擊打。”后面談及塑料垃圾可以處理，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內加入其他化合物加強性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.[B]Toshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworld.[C]Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.[D]Toexplainhisviewpoint.答案：B說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物工程和計算機一樣將改變世界。”A.把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。C.把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D.說明他的觀點。太籠統。3.Whyistransitiondifficult?[A]Becausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtime.[B]Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.[C]Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.[D]Becauseittakes10years.A.在于研究答案：A轉折需要錢和時間。見后一段“可是新材料只有制成產品才有影響，而這個轉折可能很困難，因為轉折需要長期的研究和投資。可以這么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉變成商品將決定一個國家之成敗。”B.因為許多制造商不愿改變他們的設備。C.因為新材料的研究非常困難。D.轉折要華上十年時間。這三項文內沒有涉及。4.Whereliessuccessof