教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy全高語詞句法名性句一●賓語句賓語從句主要用于下面四種結構：1.主語＋謂語＋從句Theboydreamedthathewasflyingtothemoon.這種結構在英語中最為普遍，用于這種結構的動詞也很多：say,think,insist,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,feel,dream,suggest,demand,know,mean,notice,prefer,report...在believe,think,suppose詞后，連詞that常省去。在表示請求、命令、建議的等詞后的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣2主語＋謂語＋從句Wemustfindoutwhodidallthis.在該結構中的賓語從句實際上是一個特殊疑問句變化而來的而且特別需要注意的是，賓語從句是一個陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise...3.主語＋謂語＋whether(if)+句Iwanttoknowwhether(if)hewilljoinusthisafternoon.在該結構中whether(if)引導的賓語從句實際上是由一個一般疑問句演變而來的。意思"是否"。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與可以互換使用。具體的要求，后面詳述。4.主語＋be＋形容詞＋從句IamafraidthatIcan'tpromiseyouanything.Iamnotsurewhether(if)theyaredoingtheirbest.用于這種結構的形容詞常有afraid,angry,amazed,anxious,glad,happy,pleased,sad,satisfied,sure,surprised,ashamed,astonished,certain,delighted,disappointed...口語中，特別是sure,sorry,afraid等形容詞，常省略。5.主語+謂語+it+形容詞/名詞等+thatclauseLotsofforeignersfinditdifficultthattheylearnChinesewellIthinkitimpossiblethatIwillgoabroadnextyear.Weconsideritnecessarythatyouapologizetohimatonce.用于這類句型的常見動詞有：find,consider,make,regard,itforgrantedthat,imagine...●主語從句主語從句常出現在下面的三種結構中。1.主語從句＋謂語Thatshewillcometoourpartyiscertain.

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TeacherJoy2.It+be+形容詞（名詞詞組、過去分詞）從句Itisquiteclearthattheelephantislikeahugefan.Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.Itissaidthatourschoolwillberebuilt.在這種結構中，that引導的從后置。而使用作形式主語，它也可以與前面講到的結構換用用于構的形容詞很，常見的：obvious,clear,likely,true,certain...該結構中，由于使用了某些形容詞、名詞詞組、過去分詞，后面引導的主語從句要使用虛擬語氣。3.It+seem(happen等不及物動詞)＋that從句ItseemsthatMaryisnotcomingatall.用于該結構的不及物動詞有seem,happen,appear,matter...該結構有的可以用不定式結構轉換。如上面句子可轉換為：Marydoesn'tseemtobecomingatall.●表語從句表語從句主要是說明主語的內容因此含有表語從句的復合句中的主語通常是需要有內涵的名詞truthexplanationproblemopinion，view等。②what引導的主語從句。1.Thefactisthathedidn'tfinishhishomeworklastnight.Ourbeliefisthatthingswillimprove.2.WhatIwanttoknowiswhichdictionaryIshouldbuy.另外：asif(asthough)也可以用于表語從句。但多是以下面形式出現。主語＋look(seem)asif+從句:Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.Itseemsasiftherewillbeanelectionsoon.3．Thereasonwhy…isthat…ThereasonwhyIcamelatewasthatIoverslept(過頭).●位從同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引，常常跟在fact,opinion,news,hope,等詞后面同位語從句一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義或內容邏輯上表現為同位關系。例如：Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsists他很熟悉這一觀點，所有的物質都是由原子構成的。1、先行詞看同位語從句與名詞之間在邏輯上"主語＋be＋表語"的關系名是要做特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如：Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhad當聽到他們的球隊贏了的消息時，他們欣喜若狂。2、引導詞看引導詞that同位語從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無具體詞義that可省略；在定語從句中是關系代詞它在從句中充當一定成-主或賓語有具體詞意作語時還可以省略。試比較：

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoyThefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemical我們昨天參觀的那家工廠化工廠。(that在從句中作賓語，所以此句是賓語從)Thenewshewillleaveforistrue.將要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起連接從句的作用，所以此句是同謂語從)1.wanttoknow_______helpwhatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheyD.can2.youknow_______brightertheWhysunlookB.whyC.whydoestheD.whyisthelook3.----Dorememberhecame?----Yes,Ibytaxi.howB.whenC.whyD.4.youdonemightdoharmtopeople.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.5.2008OlympicwillbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.B.WhetherC.IfD.6.Goandgetyoucoat.It’s_______youleftitlastnight.B.whereC.thereD.place7.Ittome______alltheareintheexams.whatB.whyD.8.ItthewholeworldhassuchachievementswhyB.whetherthatD.how9.hecanhisfirstremainsaproblem.ThatB.\C.IfD.Whether10.______isafactcomputerisacceptedacommunicationtool.B.ThisC.D.It11.canbe_______ayears.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwilllikeC.manwilllooklikeD.whatlookwilllike12.He______clearwasinchargeofgroupusB.itC.thatD.them13.ItsaidhowSARSoverthatB.C.thatwhichD.that14.Hasitbeenannounced______aretotakeoff?B.ifC.whichD.15.I_________usedtoaquitevillage.B.howC.whereD.what16.Itbit_______herbeenlostwhentraveling.B.thatC.ifD.for17._______thelabtolockdoor.AnyoneB.ThewhoD.18.____youtoldmewas______beeninthatWhat;B.thatC.whatD.If;how19._____TomwantstochangehisItappearsB.ItseemedC.ItsaidD.it20._____memost_______Ilackinthisof

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TeacherJoyA.ThatwhatB.What;thatC.What’s;thatD.Thatthat21.Theproblemnot______doesbut_______heit.what;B.whatC.how;D.what22.______isnot_____youfailedinthebut_____youIt;how;thatB.that;howIt;howD.that;what23.Itlooksitisshower.evenifB.ifC.thatD.24.Therebeno_______moreandmoreforuniqueofthatB.whichC.whatD..25.Thesuggestion_______peacefulvolunteers(平自愿者)shouldbethelocalhaswhatthatD.26.Riveris____________tenwhatitusedtowhatdiditlikeC.thatitusedtobeD.itlookedlike27._____isgoingtowilluptoofThatB.HowWhyD.Who28.______peoplewilljoinnotveryimportant.HowB.HowC.D.Many29.______stionsistobediscussedfirstdoesn’tmakemuchdifference.WhichB.ofC.HowD.Which30.______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.IfWhereD.Who31.______Jackisreluctant(不情愿的)gotoconferenceistoalloftheHowB.WhatC.WhyD.32.______youwillinupyou.B.WhichWhomD.Whether33.______weininterestsofpeople.ThatB.HoweverC.WhetherD.34.Istruethatscientistwillgivealectureweek?thatB.itC.D.35.Does_______muchthattheywillcomethatB.thisC.heD.what36.IsyoutoldmereallythatB.C.itD.what37.ItIoutthatday.whetherB.thatC.whatD.38.Itunknownto______theygracefulthatB.whatwhereD.39.Itnot_______theywenthowB.whyD.All40.Their_______ofusgotheretotomorrow.

教成未，力就想whatB.whichthatD.when完形填空

TeacherJoylastinNairobi,Idecidedtovisitthe野生動物保護區)1myhotel,IboughthiredatheI2tophotosmanyinteresting,AlittlelateralpleasedIsawnotices4:“Becareful:Lions.5inyourcar.”Ididn'tmeantogetoutand

6acrossshallowIhalfwaywhenmy7begantoturnroundandroundwithoutabit:thestuckintheFullof9,Iroundwasnotlion10,Iwassooninthe11myclothesandmuddy,andtherewas12Icoulddo.cardidn'tIitwasa14quitenear.Ididn'tdaretothere.SoIhadtocar.Ivery15Iitwouldbe16Iwasbythewouldatastyofhumanbeing!Iwaswildwith19when,severallater,akeeperupinjeep20mycardryIttooktothewhattowhenItohotel,butIdonotthatme!1.A.leavingB.C.visitingD.2.A.stoppedB.rodeD.3.A.B.animalsD.lions4.A.writingB.printingC.D.5.A.SleepD.Look6.A.B.D.7.A.wheelsB.C.feetD.home8.A.B.workingC.D.9.A.fearB.C.D.pleasure10.A.instreamB.inC.inthedistanceD.outofdoors11.A.riverC.seatD.

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy12.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing13.A.B.C.D.start14.A.hotelB.villageC.D.keeper15.A.B.surprisedD.16.A.beforeB.whenD.17.A.B.enjoyC.thankD.refuse18.A.B.C.aliveD.19.A.angerB.C.surpriseD.joy20.A.B.C.liftedD.carried名詞性從句（）●同位從句同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引，常常跟在fact,opinion,news,hope,等詞后面同位語從句一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義或內容邏輯上表現為同位關系。例如：Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.他們很熟悉這一觀點，所有的物質都是由原子構成的。1從先行詞來看同位語從句與名詞之間在邏輯上是語＋be＋表語"關系該名詞是需要做特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如：Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.當聽到們的球隊贏了的消息時，他們欣喜若狂。2從引導詞來看引導詞that在同位語從句中是連詞只起連接作用無具體詞義that不可省略that在定語從句中是關系代詞，它在從句中充當一定成---主語或賓語，有具體詞意，作賓語時還可以省略。試比較：Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.們昨天參觀的那家工廠是化工廠。(that在從句中作賓語，所以此句是賓語從句)ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他將要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起連接從句的作用，所以此句同謂語從句●關于whether,if引導名詞性從句的問題1.whether引導主語從句時，既可以直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；if引導主語從句時只能用于作形式主語的從句中。Whetherweneeditisadifferentmatter.Itisadifferentmatterwhether(if)weneedit.

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy2.在賓語從句中，當表示"是否"時，whether與if可以互換。3.whether引導的從句可以充當介詞賓語，則不行。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.4.一般說來whether可以與ornot連用，if則不行。Ihavenoideawhetherornotheisready.5.whether引導的從句可以作名詞的同位語，則不行。Thequestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeendecided.6.可能造成歧義時，用而不用if。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.請告訴我你是否要來。（whether引導賓語從句）Pleaseletmeknowifyouarecoming.如果你要來，請告訴我（if引導狀語從句）●that在引導名詞性從句時的省略that引導的賓語從句，一般可以省去，但在下面情況中不能省略。7.在suggest,等表示命令、請求、建議等動詞后的賓語從句中，不能省。8.在句型主語+謂語+it+形容詞+that從句時,that不能省。9.由and或but所連接的兩個引導的賓語從句時第一個從句中的可以省，第二個從句中的不能省。10.that引導的賓語從句，如果從句中還有其他狀語從句，引導賓語從句的that不能省略。Tellhimthatifheisathome,I'llcalltoseehim.11.that引導的主語從句，表語從句以及同位語中，不能省略。●名詞性從句中what的使用what可以用于主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句。初學英語容易混淆該詞與that的用法，往往出錯。因此我們說，掌握what一詞的使用，是突破名詞性從句的一個關鍵。that引導名詞性從句，它只是引導這個從句，不在從句中充當任何成分，而且沒有任何意義，這一點在前面特征表中可以看到，而則不同，它不但有意義，而且要在從句中充當成，也就是說引導的從句在主句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、同時what自身還要在從句中充賓語主語表多數時候是充當賓語只要符合這兩個條件，就得用引導。Whatyouwantisanewschool-bag.(what導從句做主句中的主語，同時在從句中作want的賓語)ThatiswhatIhope.(what引導從句做主句中的表語，同時在從句中作hope的賓語)Wecannotdowhatyouaskedofus.(what引導從句做主句中的賓語，同時在從句中作asked的賓語)

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy26.Riveris____________tenwhatitusedtowhatdiditlikeC.thatitusedtobeD.itlookedlike27._____isgoingtowilluptoofThatB.HowWhyD.Who28.______peoplewilljoinnotveryimportant.HowB.HowC.D.Many29.______thequestionstobediscussedfirstdoesn’tmakemuchdifference.WhichB.ofC.HowD.Which30.______houwillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.IfWhereD.Who31.______Jackisreluctant(不情愿的)gotoconferenceistoalloftheHowB.WhatC.WhyD.32.______youwillinupyou.B.WhichWhomD.Whether33.______weininterestsofpeople.ThatB.HoweverC.WhetherD.34.Istruethatscientistwillgivealectureweek?thatB.itC.D.he35.Does_______muchthattheywillcomethatB.thisC.D.what36.IsyoutoldmereallythatB.C.itD.what37.ItIoutthatday.whetherB.thatC.whatD.38.Itunknownto______theygracefulthatB.whatwhereD.39.Itnot_______theywenthowB.whyD.All40.Their_______ofusgotheretotomorrow.whatB.whichthatD.when41.Thatis_____likesplacewhereB.whyC.D.42.Thatis_____thehowB.whatwhyD.43.is______thecityfed.howB.becausethatD.what44.---Henottheexamination.Thatis______hedidn’tfollowtheteacheradvice.whyB.becauseC.D.45.me_____wasdoingwasveryimportant.thatB.C.whatthatD.whywhat46.We______strangethatwasinwallbetween

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoytherooms.thatB.itD.47.youmindtellingme______yourfriendspeaks?whichB.whatC.howD.that48.The_______hadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.whichwhatthatD.49.WhatIsayandthink______noofisB.wereD.was50.Canyousure_______thegoldwhereAliceputB.wherehadputC.whereputD.hasAlice閱讀理解AIn1865thefamousVernewrotetwobooks.wasentitledFromEarthtoTheMoontheotherwasAroundTheMoon.InbooksVernelandingonIn1969manactuallydidlandonmoon.ManyofdetailsofreallandingbeendescribedamazingaccuracyinJulesVerne’sbooks.Forexample,Verne’sspaceshiphadaninitialof36,000feetpersecond.Apollo11’sinitialspeedwas35,533feetpersecond.Last,ulesVerne’sspaceshiptook87hours,13minutes,and20secondsmoon.Apollo11took1033ThedoorofApollo11at10:56p.m.20,mansteppedouttheofmoon.Verneitwithgreataccuracyover1.WhatVernedescribedin“FromtheEarthtotheMoon”issimilartothe1969Apollo11onthemoonin_______ways.B.C.twoD.five2.Theundeword“entitled”refersto________.madeB.createdC.D.givenarightBIfgotoBrisbane,Australia,cangetsmallbookcalledDiscoverfree.tellsalmosteverythingBrisbane:therestaurants,shops,cinemas,thestreets,thetrains,banks,Hereis

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoyonGroupCnr.&Sts------------------------------------------228ofZealand410QueenStreet-------------------------------------------------221ofQueensland229Street----------------------------------------------229CommonwealthBanking240QueenStreet-------------------------------------------------237NationalAustraliaLtd225Street-----------------------------------------------221Banking260QueenStreet-------------------------------------------------227hoursareMon.-Thu.9:30am4pm.Fri.9:30amAllbanks&Holidays.hasa（十進幣制）100centstoNotes$50,$10,Goldare$2&$1Silver10&52&13.YoufindANZGrouponQueenStreetElizabethC.thecornerofGreekStreetandStreetD.cornerofElizabethStreet4.tothemostimportantinGreekB.ElizabethC.QueenStreetD.AdelaideStreet5.Onyoucan_____toyourinortakeyourmoneyGroupB.BankofQueenslandC.AustraliaLtdD.nobank

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy6.InAustralia,havetheirlongestservicehoursB.SundaysC.D.名詞從句（三）鞏固練習詞基本解題思路和方法：1.先分析句子的“基本結構”，看其基本結構是否完整，如缺主語、賓語(介賓或動賓)或名詞表語,則用引導代詞；如缺狀語，則用相應的引導副詞2.再根據句子的意思判斷用哪一個引導詞才能使句子的意思完整且合乎邏輯。第一組：that\what1.Heisconfusedat_____theteachersaidinclass.2.______hehaddoneledtohisfailureintheexam.3.Thetruth______helacksconfidencetogetprojectfinishedadvance.4.Dofreeonlybywearinghelmets?比較及歸納：That無實際意義，不在從句中充當任何成份，僅起引導從句的連詞作用，且在動詞賓語從句中可省略。而what意義，即“什么內容或什么樣的”，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，在從句中不可省略。一般情況下，前that不可有介詞，what可以;此外，what可以同時在主句和從句中兼做兩種份，而that不能。第二組：which\what5.Uptonow,shehasbeenuncertainabout_______kindlifeshewillliveinthefuture.6.Nobodyknows______weatheritislikelytobelikethefewdays.7.He’tat8.Sometimes,ifyouwanttounderstandawordproperly,youmustknow______functionitperformsinthesentencefirst.

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy比較及歸納：which和what都有意義，均可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。但which強調“在兩者范圍選擇其一”，而則強調“具體什么樣的內容或什么樣的”。第三組：what\how9.Theboyarenotsatisfiedwithhebehavedattheschool.10.______IreferredtojustnowishowDrYuanhelpedridtheworldofhunger.11.Hedidn’trealize______importantthesubjectwasheenteredtheservice.比較及歸納：what和都引導表示有疑問的名詞性從句，二者前均可有介詞。但what常在從句中作主語賓語或表語這時為引導代詞若作定語意“什么樣的”，一般置于名詞前。how一般在從句中作狀語，表示方式，意為“如何”，這時為引導副詞；有時也置于形容詞或副詞前，引導名從，表示“程度的深淺”。第四組：whether\that12.DoyouaccepttheideaEnglishwritingcanbemodeledaftertheoriginal?13.Ihavenoideabooksarethechildrenthequake-strickenarea.14.Theproblemliesin________hasfocusedonwhattheteacherhadsaidinclass.比較及歸納：that和都不在從句中充當任何成份。但that無意義，引導動詞賓語從句時可以省略引導語意取向明確的從句而whether意義即“是否”，不可省略，引導表示有疑問的從句。此外，一般情況下whether前可有介詞，而that則不可。第五組：what\whatever15._______confusedthestudentishowtogettheprojectfinishedinadvance.16.Youmustn’tdo______youlikeinclass.

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy17.Theboymisunderstood_______theteacherhadadvisedhimtodo.比較及歸納二者均可“兼語詞均可置于名詞前作定語均可置于介詞后。區別在于what意思什么內容或什么樣的指某一個事物意思是“無論什么內容或無論什么樣的”，泛指任何事物。此外，還可以引導讓步狀語從句，而what則不能。Model:

Themajorityofthegenerationlookuponbluecollar.Weareastonishedatthefact.Weareatthefactthatthemajoritythedownuponthebluecollar.1.—Wheredidtheycomeacrosseachother?--Ihavenoideaaboutit.2.Hehasovercomeallthedifficulties.Itislikely..3.Hehaspromisedtoridhimselfofthosebadhabits.Wedoubtaboutit.4.“Let’sfocusourattentiononwhattheteacherMypartnersuggestedit.5.Haveyoucutofftheelectricitysupply?Iwanttoknowit.6.Wecouldbuildupalow-carboncountryinthecentury.Thatisourwish.7.Heiscontentwithwhathehasachievednow.Thatisobvious.二、翻譯1.問題是我們怎樣才能弄到那么多的錢。

教成未，力就想

TeacherJoy2.他想要的東西就是一輛汽車。3.他是否會拒絕（）我，不清楚。4.他明天通過考試沒有問題。5..這房子正是他最需要的東西。三、單項選擇1mind’tonwhathesayingso’mafraidA.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed2Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis______Idisagree.AwhyB.whereC.whatD.how3Ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow_____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how4toischildren’sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so5–TomwasJane’sbrother.--_____heremindedmesomuchofJane.A.NodoubtB.AboutallC.NowonderDOfcourse6I’velearnt_____,nomatterwhathappensandhowbad_____seemstoday,lifegoesonanditwillbebettertomorrowA.it;thatB.that;itC.it;itD.that;that7–It’swrongforastudenttofollow_____histeacherssay.--It’strue.Ican’tagreemoreA.whatB.nomatterwhatC.howeverD.whatever8Thereason___hewaslateforthemeetingwas_____hiscarhadbeenblockedbyanaccident.Athat;whyB.how;whyCwhy;thatD.why;because9Determinationisakindofbasicqualityandis______ittakestodojobswell.AthathewouldlieBhewouldlieC.thathelieD.thathemustlie10Blackshouldhavedoctor’sadvice_____inbedforadayortwo.A.thathewouldlieB.hewouldlieC.thathelieD.thathemustlie11–Hi!Lily,Comein.--Oh,stilllookingroommatetoshareyourhouse.A.thatB.ifC.howD.why12–Whyareyoualwaysmakingsuchmistakes?--Sorry.IthinkIwasnot________thismorningA.myselfB.formyself;C.tomyselfD.bymyself13Nowadaysthedoctorsaretryingtheirbesttoreducepeople’sfear_____theywouldbeaffectedbythepresentdisease.A.whyB.howC.ifD.that14Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastsum