?專題01動詞時態語態用法梳理+高考題型組合練_________________________________________________________________________________________考點精講考點精講謂語動詞的時態、語態是高考的必考重點。高考?？嫉臅r態有，一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、將來進行時、現在完成進行時和過去完成進行時等。高中階段的被動語態：主要掌握現在進行時與過去進行時的被動語態，以及將來完成時被動語態的用法。特別注意：要把握各種時態的特點，注意容易混淆的時態差異，準確理解具體語境下時態的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息，務必要克服漢語式的慣性思維，排除誤導，培養發散性思維習慣。【要點梳理】考點一：動詞時態動詞時態梳理一般式進行式完成式現在does/is/are/amis/are/amdoinghavedone過去didwas/weredoinghaddone將來willdowillbedoingwillhavedone過去將來woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedone此外：高中階段需重點掌握：①將來進行時表示將來某一時刻或某一時段正在發生或進行的動作，常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用，如：atthistimetomorrow，bythen，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。其構成為：will/shallbee＋現在分詞Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.簡不能參加今天下午三點的會議了，因為她那個時間在授課。②現在完成進行時一、現在完成進行時的構成對完成進行時要求學生掌握的是現在完成進行時。其構成為：have/hasbeen＋現在分詞。二、現在完成進行時的用法(1)表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產生的狀態一直延續到現在，并有可能繼續下去，常見的時間狀語：allthismorning，thismonth，thesefewdays，since和for引導的狀語從句等?！狤xcuseme，whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?——打擾了，你們在等著看哪部電影呢？—ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.——新版的《星球大戰》，我們在這兒等了兩個多小時了。(2)所表示的動作有時并不是一直在不停地進行，而是在斷斷續續地重復。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學生們一直在努力學習功課，他們的付出最終會收獲成功的。③將來完成時將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經完成的動作或一直持續的動作。經常與“before+將來時間或“by+將來時間”連用，也可與before或bythetime引導的現在時的從句連用。其構成為：will/shall+have＋過去分詞。Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.到我們回家時，孩子們將已睡了。Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.你今晚八點鐘來時，我將會寫完文章了BynextyearourteacherwillhavetaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.到明年我們的老師將已教二十年英語了。備注1：其他表示“將來”的結構及用法(1)“begoingto＋動詞原形”表示按計劃、打算要做某事或根據某種跡象預示著要發生某事。Look，darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon，Ithink.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace，socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.無論是在家里還是在工作場所，在未來的幾年里社交機器人將會變得越來越普遍。(2)“beto＋動詞原形”表示按計劃、約定或按職責、義務必須做的事或即將發生的動作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.到10點你得交上試卷。(3)“beaboutto＋動詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結構不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關上窗戶，就在這時一只鳥引起了他的注意。備注2：常使用完成時的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time＋thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time＋thatsb.haddone這是某人第幾次做某事。(2)It(This)is/wasthe＋最高級＋名詞＋(that)定語從句，從句中的謂語用完成時。(3)Itis/hasbeen＋一段時間＋sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時間＋sincesb.haddonesth.自從……以來多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我們有10年沒那么高興過了?？键c二：動詞語態動詞語態梳理一、被動語態的構成形式被動語態由“be＋過去分詞”構成，be動詞有人稱、數和時態的變化。被動語態的構成形式還有：get/become＋過去分詞。各種時態的被動語態形式如下：形式時間一般式進行式完成式現在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone被動語態的使用場合：(1)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時；(2)強調動作的承受者時。)Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.據報道，一個空間站將在未來的幾年內在月球上被建成。)Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家鄉，所有的麥子被收割后，總是要給農民們準備一頓收獲的晚餐。Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.因為許多森林被毀，每年大量肥沃的泥土被沖走。易錯警示(1)有些及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。常見的有：have有；cost花費；lack缺少；own擁有；belongto屬于；takepartin參加。(2)不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。常見的有：happen/takeplace/occur發生；remain剩下；breakout爆發；last持續；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。二、get構成的表示被動的短語：getpaid/lost/hurt等Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.在等待機會被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責。Wegetpaidbytheweek.我們按周獲得薪酬。1．“系動詞feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容詞/名詞”構成系表結構，常常以主動形式表示被動意義。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.這種羊毛衫摸起來很軟，賣得很好。2．當sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物動詞后帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內在的品質或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.你買最近銷售很好的那本書了嗎？我認為它非常適合我們青少年。三、主動形式表示被動意義1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子需要修理。2．betorent/blame/let主動形式表被動意義。Whoistoblameforthemistake?誰應為此錯誤接受譴責？Thehouseistolet.此房出租。_________________________________________________________________________________________重點小練單句語法填空重點小練1．Nowadays,cyclingalongwithjoggingandswimming，_______(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.2．Whileonlineshopping_________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.3．Christmasisthemostimportantfestivalinthewesternworld.It______(fall)onDecember25.4．Theyhadtowaitand_______(hope)thatsomeonewouldcomeandhelpthem.5．Nowadays,cellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames，musicandcalendarsandmorenewfunctions_________(add)．6．Ifwe_________(book)atableearlier，wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.7．Duetothehardtrainingthey________(do)before，theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.8．JackhasneverbeentoChina，buthetalksaboutitasifhe__________(be)theremanytimes.9．Moreexpressways__________(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.10．Soonerorlaterthosedishonestpeople__________(pay)apricefortheiracts;onthecontrary，whenwearehonest，wearetrulyfree.11.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt________（leave）forLondontoattendameeting.12.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe________（lie),withoutundressing.13.They______________(work)ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem，andnowwe____________(work)onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.14.Thelittlegirl________(cry)herheartoutbecauseshe________(lose)hertoybearandbelievedshewasn'tevergoingtofindit.15.JohnandI________(be)friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.16.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness______.（grow）17.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_______（know）forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.18.Theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______(come)frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.19．Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe______________(follow)．20．Tom_______________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.Keys:1.isregarded2.haschanged3.falls4.hoped5.arebeingadded6.hadbooked7.haddone8.hadbeen9.willbebuilt10.willpay11.willhaveleft12.waslying13.hadbeenworking;areworking14.cried,hadlost15.havebeen,es19.wasbeingfollowed20.hasbeenworking/hasworked語篇填空(用括號中動詞的適當形式填空)Welcometoourschool.I'dliketointroduceyoutoplansforourschool.Alotofwork1(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3(build)thisyear.Butwedon'thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent，aplan6(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm，atwhichwonderfulperformances7(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact，ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.參考答案：hasbeendone2.hasbeencompleted3.isbeingbuilt4.arecollecting5.willbespentisbeingmade7.willbeput8.arebeingimproved9.arebeingplanted 10.isgoingtobepaintedTranslation（注意動詞時態與語態）由于工作時心不在焉，約翰被老板解雇了。2.在過去的十年中，這個地區發生了翻天覆地的變化。3.當他到學校時，他意識到他把作業忘在家里了。4.應該鼓勵學生將課堂上所學的知識用于實踐中去。5.很多年前，人們不知道人口問題將是個大問題。6.等他明年回來，這個體育館就建好了。(bythetime)答案：（onlyforreference）1.Johnwasdismissedbyhisbossashedidn’tpaymuchattentiontohiswork.2.Overthepast10years,greatchangeshavehappenedinthisarea.3.Whenhegottoschool,herealizedthathehadlefthishomeworkathome.4.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.5.Many?years?ago?people?never?knew?that?population?would?become?a?big?problem．6.Bythetimehecomesbacknextyear,thestadiumwillhavebeensetup._______________好題必測歷年上海高考真題及模擬試題優選1好題必測【答案】weredeposited?！窘馕觥靠疾橐话氵^去時被動語態。根據句意:"那些已被沉淀在溫暖的沙子里的卵?！庇纱司湟夂徒Y構分析可知，此處用被動語態，又因為有again提示，可知發生在過去，故用一般過去時的被動語態。2.Intherecentyears,seaerosionhasledtomanyturtles'nestbeingdamagedordestroyed.Also,somefierceanimalssuchasdogsandbirds(29)_______(reduce)thenumberofnestingturtles.Andofcoursemanhasalsohadanegativeimpactbyusingengine-poweredfishingboatsneartheturtles'nestinggrounds.【2019秋考】【答案】havereduced?！窘馕觥靠疾楝F在完成時，根據句意:"還有，諸如一些兇殘的狗和鳥已經減少了龜巢的數量。根據前句的謂語動詞hasled和此句中的also可以判定此句也是用現在完成時，強調動作的形成的結果。3.Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe________(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthatareaofthecountry.【2019春考】【答案】wouldshow【解析】考查動詞時態和語態。句意：他給自己設定了一個目標，用五年的時間，他要讓他自己的作品在全國頂尖藝術館里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語，show與he為主謂關系，故用主動語態，由于陳述過去的計劃和打算，故用過去將來時，綜述用wouldshow。4.Thisfive-yeargoalgavehimastartingpointfromwhichtoworkbackwards......Bysettingthisgoal,allofJason'sefforts________(point)inthesamedirection.Heshowedupatdifferentartshowopenings,....【2019春考】【答案】pointed【解析】考查動詞時態和語態。句意：通過設定目標，他的所有努力能向著同一個方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語，point與主語efforts為主謂關系，故用主動語態，陳述過去事情，故用一般過去時pointed。5.S&Aisstartingtodopolicework.Earlierthissummer,90employees(23)__________(hire)toguarditsdoorsandcheckreceipts.【2018秋考】【答案】washired【解析】考查動詞時態和語態。句意：今年夏天早些時候，90名員工被雇傭守衛其大門并檢查收據。hire與主語employees為被動關系，故用被動語態，陳述過去事情，故用一般過去時被動語態。故填washired。6.Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex一theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation."Wedon'tknowifit______(cause)bythescreentime.【2018秋考】【答案】isbeingcaused【解析】考查時態和語態。句意：我們不知道這是否是看屏幕時間造成的。此處為賓語從句謂語動詞，空前的it指代prematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex，和cause之間為邏輯上的被動關系，應用被動語態；結合語境可知，此處表目前一直在發生的動作，故應用現在進行時的被動語態。故填isbeingcaused。7.Thereasonwhymanypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson_______(say).【2021楊浦二?！俊敬鸢浮?isgoingto/willsay【解析】.考查時態。句意同上。根據前文“theyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson”，可知此處指他們已經知道對方將要說什么。結合句意，此處用一般將來時。所以用isgoingto/willsay。8.Sofar,theresearchers_________(demonstrate)stemcelltherapyinpreclinicallabtests.Tsujisaidtheywerelookingforoutsidecollaboratorstohelpdevelopclinicalapplicationsforthenewhairgrowthtechnology.【2021青浦二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avedemonstrated【解析】考查時態和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，研究人員已經在臨床前實驗室測試中證明了干細胞療法。結合時間狀語Sofar可知，句子應用現在完成時，主語theresearchers是名詞復數，助動詞用have，故填havedemonstrated。9.Attheverycafescustomerscanaskwhetherthereareanysuspendedcoffeesavailable,andifso,they__________(supply)withabeverage,thankstothekindnessofastranger.【2021普陀二?！俊敬鸢浮縜resupplied/willbesupplied【解析】考查時態、語態和主謂一致。句意：正是在這些咖啡館里，顧客可以問是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他們會被提供一杯飲料，這要感謝一個陌生人的好意?？涨暗闹髡Zthey指代customers，和謂語動詞supply之間是被動關系，所以應用被動語態，此處可使用一般現在時或一般將來時，主語是復數人稱代詞，故填aresupplied或willbesupplied。10.Apparently,themostdepressingdayoftheyearisthethirdMondayinJanuary,whenit’scoldanddarkoutside.Thisday______(nickname)‘BlueMonday’bypsychologistCliffArnallin2004.【2021浦東二模】【答案】wasnicknamed【解析】考查時態語態。句意：2004年，心理學家CliffArnall將這一天戲稱為“憂郁星期一”。根據后文in2004可知用一般過去時，主語與謂語動詞構成被動關系，故應用一般過去時的被動語態，主語為Thisday，謂語動詞用單數。故填wasnicknamed。11.Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidenceaboutarulerwhoselife______23______(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumors(謠言)concerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.【2021靜安二?！俊敬鸢浮縣asbeenshadowed【解析】考查動詞時態和語態。句意：這一發現在歷史學家中引起了極大的興奮，因為它提供了一個確鑿的證據，證明一個統治者的生活一直被關于他自1485年在博斯沃思戰役中死亡以來冷血無情的謠言所掩蓋，盡管有官方記錄。分析可知，所填動詞應是定語從句“whoselife______3____(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumoursconcerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.”中的謂語動詞，結合時間狀語“sincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485”可知，應是現在完成時，且動詞“shadow(在……上投下或覆蓋陰影)”與主語“whoselife”之間為被動關系，應是現在完成時被動結構：have/hasbeendone，且主語“whoselife”為第三人稱單數。故填hasbeenshadowed。12.Foryoungpeople,itwasthefirsttimethatthey_____(experience)somethingbig,aworrythattheysharedwiththeirfamilies,friendsandneighbors,andasufferingbeingenduredatthismomentandtobeendurednextfewweeks.【2021虹口二?！俊敬鸢浮縣adexperienced【解析】考查動詞時態。句意：對年輕人來說，這是他們第一次經歷一件大事，一件他們要與家人、朋友和鄰居分享的憂慮，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下來的幾周內將要忍受的痛苦?！癷twasthe+序數詞+time+that從句”句式中，that從句應使用過去完成時。故填hadexperienced。13.TheareainwhichTownofAsk________(locate)isknowntohavealotofquickclay,whichcanchangefromsolidtoliquidfrom.Previouslandslideshavebeenreportedintheregion.【2021奉賢二?！俊敬鸢浮縤slocated【解析】考查時態。句意：眾所周知，阿斯所在的地區有很多快速粘土，可以從固體變成液體。belocatedin坐落于。分析句子可知，設空處為定語從句謂語。根據文章時態可知，用一般現在時。故填islocated。14.“Personally,Idon’tthinkpop-upsareapassingtrend.Fromwhatwe_______(learn)fromourcustomerssofar,theyarealwayslookingforuniqueproductsandexperiences,exactlysomethingthatpop-upshopscanoffer.【2021金山二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avelearned【解析】考查時態。句意：到目前為止，我們從顧客那里了解到，他們總是在尋找獨特的產品和體驗，這正是快閃店可以提供的東西。根據sofar可知，用現在完成時。故填havelearned。15.Itwasapartoftown,Irealized,thatI(warn)about,butnothinghappenedtome,andassoonaswewerenearthebrightlightsofthemainroad,my“guide”just(disappear).【2021長寧二?！俊敬鸢浮縣adbeenwarned【解析】考察謂語動詞。首先根據"I"與“warn”是被動關系，所以應用被動語態。再根據“warn”這個動作發生在"realize"之前，"realize"用的是一般過去時的時態，所以"warn"應用過去完成時。應填“hadbeenwarned”。【答案】disappeared【解析】考察謂語動詞。“guide”與"disappear"之前是主動關系，是“我的'向導'消失”。結合前句判斷出時態為一般過去時。應填“disappeared”。16.AnorganizationcalledCampusCosmicRayObservationCollaboration_______(establish)inSeptember2020topromotetheidea.Zhang,headoftheorganization,saidtheyplantobuildmorestationsonschoolcampusesacrossChina.【2021徐匯二?！俊敬鸢浮縲asestablished【解析】考查謂語動詞：根據句子中的時間狀語inSeptember2020表明時態是一般過去時，及物動詞缺少賓語，選用wasestablished的被動形式；17.People______(influence)tobecometechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat“addicted”wasthewordmostcommonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.【2021閔行二模】【答案】havebeeninfluenced【解析】考察謂語動詞的時態和語態。這里括號給到的動詞是在句子里作為謂語，再結合句意判斷為被動語態，“人們已經被影響的變得對設備上癮”，動作發生在過去，對現在有影響，用完成時態。綜上，完成時態的被動語態。18.Oneofhumanity’sgreatestachievementshasbeenmasteringroutesacrosstheworld’soceans.Communitiesseparatedbythousandsofmilesintocontactandreligiousideashavespreadacrossthewaters,whileartisticcreativityhasbeenmotivatedbytheexperienceofseeingtheproductsofdifferentcivilizations.【2021黃埔二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avebeenbrought【解析】考查謂語動詞：句子成分分析此處應該填寫謂語動詞，根據后半句中的havespread判斷填寫現在完成時，結合bring為及物動詞后缺少賓語，因此填寫havebeenbrought。高考題型組合練語法填空高考題型組合練Directions:Fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.ForeignAccentSyndrome(綜合癥)31-year-oldEmily’slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She(21)________(complain)aboutheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedayhercolleaguesthennoticedthatherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothindicatorsofastroke.(22)_________________shewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely.Afterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,instead(23)________(blame)hervoicelossonsomesortofbraininjury.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,Emilywasstillunabletospeakandreliedsolelyonbasicsignlanguageshehadpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphone(24)________(communicate).Encouragedbyherdoctor,EmilywentonavacationinThailand.Afewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.How(25)_______(shock)itwaswhenEmilyoriginallynoticedherEasternEuropeanaccents,butevenmoresowhenshenoticedthatsometimesheraccentwouldchangeoutoftheblue,toPolish,ItalianandevenFrench.Althoughshedoesn’tknowthereason(26)________mayhelpexplainhercondition,shehasnoticedthatithassomethingtodowithhowtiredsheis.InMarchof2020,shewasofficiallydiagnosedwith(27)_______wascommonlycalledForeignAccentSyndrome.“IwassoexcitedwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevenrecognizethevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth,itdoesn’tsound(28)________me,”Emilytoldthereporters.Nowhervoiceisback,butunfortunatelyshehastodealwithdiscrimination(歧視)frompeoplewhothinksheisanimmigrant,andhastakentimeoffworkbecausestress(29)_________onlymakeherconditionworse.Emily’scasesoundsshockinglysimilarto(30)_______ofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideoftheUnitedStates,butwokeuptospeakinginmultipleaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.ShetoowasdiagnosedwithForeignAccentSyndrome.【答案】21.hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.Bythetime23.blaming24.tocommunicate25.shocking26.which/that27.what 28.like29.can 30.that【解析】21.考查動詞。此句含有before的時間狀從，故考慮主句動作發生在過去的過去。故填hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.考查連詞。從句為一般過去時，主句為過去完成時，可知動作發生有先后，可聯想到Bythetime，此空較難，該三空連詞較少出現23.考查動詞。此處非謂語表伴隨，instead為副詞，對句子無影響，故填blaming24.考查動詞。主句已有謂動，故考慮非謂語。因為此處表目的，故填tocommunicate25.考查動詞。此處為非謂語的現在分詞做表語，故填shocking26.考查連詞。此處為定從修飾先行詞reason，故填which/that均可27.考查連詞。此處為介詞賓語從句缺少主語，故填what28.考查介詞。根據句意可知“…聲音聽起來不像我”故填like29.考查情態動詞。由stress作主語但謂語make為原形可知此處填情態動詞。再根據句意壓力會使她的情況更加惡化。故填can30.考查代詞。指代前面的case，故填that詞匯填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scaleB.uniqueC.costD.distanceE.demonstrateF.intrudeG.diagnosesH.alarmingI.threatenJ.falseK.crucialThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandis___11___totheformationofcomplexsocieties.Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughaninvoluntaryyawnora(n)___12___smile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglivesreadingfaces.Technologyisrapidlycatchingup.InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance.In2017,Welshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.Althoughfacesare___13___toindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,___14___onsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyzeimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavast___15___promisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.Startwithprivacy.Onebigdifferencebetweenfacesandotherbiologicaldata,suchasfingerprints,isthattheyworkata(n)___16___.Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.PhotographsofhalfofAmerica’sadultpopulationarestoredindatabasesthatcanbeusedbytheFBItotrackcriminals,butatenormouspotential___17___tocitizens’privacy.Thefaceisnotjustaname-tag.Itdisplaysalotofotherinformation—andmachinescanreadthat,too.Again,thatpromisesbenefits.Somefirmsareanalyzingfacestoprovideautomated___18___ofraregeneticdisordersfarearlierthanwouldotherwisebepossible.Butthetechnologyalsothreatens.ResearchersatStanfordUniversity___19___that,whenshownpicturesofonegayman,andonestraightman,thesystemcouldidentifytheirsexualitycorrectly81%ofthetime.Humansmanagedonly61%.Incountrieswherehomosexualityisacrime,softwarewhichpromisestoinfersexualityfromafaceisa(n)____20____prospect.【答案】11.K12.J13.B14.F15.A16.D17.C18.G19.E20.H【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人臉識別技術在社會各個領域中的應用情況?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：驚人的面部特征多樣性幫助人們互相識別，并且對復雜社會的形成至關重要。根據上文is可知空處作表語，結合句意表示“至關重要”可知應填形容詞crucial。故填crucial。故選K?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：面部傳遞情感信號的能力也同樣如此，無論是通過無意識的打哈欠還是虛假的微笑。修飾后文名詞smile，結合句意表示“虛假的”應用形容詞false。故填false。故選J?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然臉是個人獨有的，但它們也是公開的，所以乍一看，技術不會侵犯隱私。根據上文are可知空處作表語，結合句意表示“獨有的”應用形容詞unique。故填unique。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：雖然臉是個人獨有的，但它們也是公開的，所以乍一看，技術不會侵犯隱私。空處作謂語，結合句意表示“侵犯”可知應填動詞intrude，此處為否定陳述句，應填動詞原形。故填intrude。故選F?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：然而，廉價、快速和大規模地記錄、存儲和分析人臉圖像的能力，承諾有一天會給隱私、公平和信任的概念帶來根本性的變化。結合句意表示“大規模地”可知短語為onavastscale。故填scale。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：人臉和指紋等其他生物數據的一大區別在于，它們的工作距離較遠。結合句意表示“有相當距離，在遠處”可知短語為atadistance。故填distance。故選D。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國一半成年人的照片被存儲在數據庫中，聯邦調查局可以利用這些數據庫來追蹤罪犯，但這可能會給公民的隱私帶來巨大的潛在損失。空處作賓語，結合句意表示“損失”應用不可數名詞cost。故填cost。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一些公司正在通過分析人臉來為罕見的遺傳疾病提供自動診斷，這比其他方法可能提供的時間要早得多。空處作賓語，結合句意表示“診斷”應用名詞diagnosis，diagnosis為可數名詞，此處前文沒有冠詞，應用復數diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故選G?！?9題詳解】考查動詞。句意：斯坦福大學的研究人員證明，當展示一個男同性戀和一個異性戀男子的照片時，系統可以正確識別他們的性取向，準確率達81%?？仗幾髦^語，結合句意表示“證明”應用動詞demonstrate，陳述客觀事實應用一般現在時，主語為復數名詞，謂語動詞用原形。故填demonstrate。故選E?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在同性戀是一種犯罪行為的國家，能從人臉推斷出性取向的軟件前景令人擔憂。修飾后文名詞prospect，結合句意表示“令人擔憂的”應用形容詞alarming，作定語。故填alarming。故選H。ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanberecycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproductdesigndegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity’sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint’sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Minthascommittedaround￡500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.ThefirstMyhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisasterreliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambeforethefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywillofferreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior(外部的)advertisingspace.Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonburyhavingsome150,000eachyear.Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecomingincreasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.76.“Eco-friendlytents”inparagraph1refertotents_______.A.economicallydesirable B.favorabletotheenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformances D.designedfordisasterrelief77.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness______.A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMintB.withtheapprovaloftheCity’sadministrationC.inpartnershipwithafinancegroupD.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect78.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_______.A.theweatherintheUKischangeableinsummerB.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenairC.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailoredD.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers.79.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletentsB.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboardsC.anunusualsuccessofagraduationprojectD.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals76.答案：B解析：這是一道推斷題。根據第一段“adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.”可知這種紙板做的帳篷可以回收，所以是有利于環境保護的。77.答案：C解析：這是一道推斷題。根據第五段“Minthascommittedaround500000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.”可知Mr.Dunlop和Mint是合作方式，Mint提供500000，分獲30%的收益。78.答案：C解析：這是一道推斷題。根據倒數第二段“Theycanbepersonalized”可知用戶可以對帳篷進行定制。79.答案：A解析：這是一道主旨題。本文主要介紹了Mr.Dunlop發明了一種用紙板制作的可回收的帳篷，以解決節日后大量帳篷被丟棄污染環境的問題。TheNewYearisslowlynearing,andmanypeoplearelookingbackto2020andmoreimportantly,forwardtothecomingyear2021.PeoplemayusetheNewYearasatimetoturnoveranewleaf.AreyouplanningtomakeaNewYearResolution?HereareafewtipsforpreparingtobesuccessfulwithallyourNewYearResolutions.1.ASingleChangeIsEnoughYoucan’tsticktotwotothreeresolutionsatatime.Youwouldeventuallybreakoneofthemforsure.___47___.Don’tgetoverwhelmedandthinkthatyouhavetoreassesseverythinginyourlife.But,don’tbreakthatoneresolutionyoumake,becausethatisimportant.2.WriteDownYourResolutionsOnceyouhavedecidedonyourachievableresolutions,writethemdown.Ithelpstowritedownyourresolutionsoyoucanreferbacktoitoftenduringtheyear.___48___.Also,bywritingitdown,youwillbeabletoreviewitoftenandevaluateyourprogresssincethetimetheresolutionwasmade.4.AskForSupportTellafriendoryourlovedoneswhomyoutrustaboutyourresolution.Theywillprovideyouwithsupportandkeepyoufocusedonyourgoal.Andifyouarewaveringatall,theirsupportwillensureyoudon’tgiveupeasily.Besides,itisadvisabletojoinanonlinesupportgroupforspecificresolutionssuchaslosingweight,givingupchocolate,ortrainingforthenex