大氣污染防治行動計劃績效評估與區域協調機制研究PerformanceEvaluationontheActionPlanofAirPollutionPreventionandControlandRegionalCoordinationMechanism郝吉明JimingHao1),麥克·沃爾什MichaelP.Walsh2)

1)清華大學TsinghuaUniversity2)國際清潔交通委員會InternationalCouncilonCleanTransportation2014年12月1-3日,北京Dec1-3,2014,Beijing匯報內容Outline項目背景和主要實施過程ProjectBackgroundandImplementationProcess《行動計劃》績效評估指標與方法體系研究StudyonPerformanceEvaluationIndicatorsandMethodologySystemfortheActionPlan“十三五”與2030年大氣污染防治目標與路線圖AirPollutionPreventionandControlTargetsandRoadmapforthe13thFYPand2030Long-termPlan區域大氣污染防治協調機制國際經驗StudyonInternationalExperiencesofCoordinationMechanismforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControl區域大氣污染防治協調機制與政策研究CoordinationMechanismandPolicyStudyforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControl主要研究結論與政策建議MajorResearchConclusionsandPolicyRecommendations研究背景BackgroundSO2NOxVOCCOPM2.5NH3主要大氣污染物排放量巨大

Hugeemissionsofmajorairpollutants我國主要大氣污染物排放量迅速增長，都已升居世界第一

Chinabecomesthe

world’slargestemitterofmajorpollutants.2012年,我國SO2、NOX等排放量與美國1990年排放水平相當，若削減至美國2009年排放水平，則分別削減60%、45%TheSO2andNOXemissionsofChinain2012arecomparabletotheleveloftheU.Sin1990,a

reductionby60%and45%

respectivelyisneededtoreachtheU.S.levelin2009.研究背景Background全國大氣污染形勢極為嚴峻:PM2.5濃度距達標差距較大AwidegapbetweenPM2.5concentrationandthestandard首批開展PM2.5監測的74個城市中，有71個不達標71citiesoutof74(startedPM2.5monitoringsince2013)failtocomplywiththePM2.5standard.京津冀區域PM2.5平均濃度為二級標準的3.0倍

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion(JJJ):3timesthelevelofGrade-IIstandard長三角區域PM2.5平均濃度為二級標準的1.9倍

YangtzeRiverDeltaregion(YRD):1.9timesthelevelofGrade-IIstandard珠三角區域PM2.5平均濃度為二級標準的1.3倍PearlRiverDeltaregion(PRD):1.3timesthelevelofGrade-IIstandard74個城市PM2.5平均濃度為二級標準的2.1倍

74cities:2.1timesthelevelofGrade-IIstandard2013年PM2.5濃度超標情況PM2.5concentrationin2013數據來源于中國環境監測總站Source:ChinaNationalEnvironmentalMonitoringCenter黨中央和新一屆政府高度重視大氣污染防治工作HighattentionpaidbythePartyandthegovernmenttoAPcontrol

黨的“十八大”提出建設生態文明和美麗中國的目標Promoteecologicalprogressandbuildabeautifulcountry,fromReporttothe18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina

在第七次全國環保大會上對大氣污染防治工作等提出明確要求Requirementsonairpollutioncontrolatthe7thNationalConferenceonEnvironmentalProtection進一步加強空氣污染防治，修訂并發布空氣質量標準，抓緊做好增加PM2.5監測指標的準備，鼓勵各地根據污染特征、經濟發展水平等分期實施，逐步與國際標準接軌。Strengthenairpollutioncontrol.Amendthenewambientairqualitystandard.StarttopreparePM2.5monitoring.Integratewithinternationalstandardstepbystepbasedonlocalpollutioncharacteristicsandthelevelofeconomicdevelopment.新一屆政府制定行動計劃，制定了嚴格的措施ActionPlanandstringentmeasuresdevelopedbythe

government人民關注Publicconcern專家建議Recommendations項目主要實施進程ProgressoftheProject2月項目啟動會暨第一次工作會議Feb,thekick-off/firstworkingmeetinginBeijing5月項目第二次工作會議May,thesecondworkingmeetinginBeijing7月項目第三次工作會議Jul,thethirdworkingmeetinginWashingtonDC8月項目第四次工作會議Aug,thefourthworkingmeetinginBeijing期間多次內部技術專家討論會SeveralinternalprojectmeetingsinBeijing以簽訂目標責任書的形式確定了2017年31個省空氣質量改善目標

LetteroftargetsignedonAPtargetsfor31provinces目標分檔原則Principlesforclassification各地社會經濟發展現狀Currentsocialandeconomicdevelopment結合當地空氣質量現狀Currentairquality目標分檔類型Typesforclassification重點與非重點地區Keyareasandnon-keyareasPM2.5四檔；PM10五檔4levelsforPM2.5and5levelsforPM10為了推動責任落實，需要建立有效的《行動計劃》實施績效評估指標與方法體系，以評估和幫助指導各地《行動計劃》的實施。

PerformanceevaluationindicatorsandmethodologysystemisrequiredfortheimplementationoftheActionPlan.研究內容1）《行動計劃》績效評估指標與方法體系研究1)

Task1:StudyonPerformanceEvaluationIndicatorsandMethodologySystemfortheActionPlan《行動計劃》的預評估Pre-evaluation《行動計劃》實施進展的追蹤評估Dynamic/Trackevaluation/PostevaluationEmissionreductionevaluation《行動計劃》措施MeasuresStrengthenorimprovementrecommendationAQimprovementevaluationProgressofairpollutioncontrolIfnotmeetingthegoal,why?AQreachestarget?Implementtheairpollutioncontroltask?StrengthencontrolmeasuresRecommendationsonmeasurestoimplementAQimprovementeffectevaluationbymodel研究內容1）《行動計劃》績效評估指標與方法體系研究1)

Task1:StudyonPerformanceEvaluationIndicatorsandMethodologySystemfortheActionPlanAirpollutioncontroltaskindicators

2017

2012-2017

(2017-2012)/2012

京津冀預評估案例分析Apre-evaluationof2013-2017ActionPlanforJing-Jin-Ji

模擬結果顯示，現有能定量減排的政策措施落實后，北京PM2.5濃度降幅明顯，但天津市和河北省仍存在達不到2017年濃度降低25%的風險。PreliminarysimulationresultsbasedonexistingpoliciesandmeasureswhichcouldbequantitativelyanalyzedshowthattheBeijingPM2.5concentrationsreducesignificantly,butTianjinandHebeiareatriskoffailingtoreachthetarget.現在的資源、能力建設等基礎尚不能支持政策措施全面落實到位，后續需進一步強化多源多污染物的協同控制力度。Theresources,capacitybuildingandotherinfrastructurearenotyetavailabletofullysupporttheimplementationofallmeasures,morestringentcontrolsarenecessary.研究內容1）《行動計劃》績效評估指標與方法體系研究1)

Task1:StudyonPerformanceEvaluationIndicatorsandMethodologySystemfortheActionPlan基于2030年空氣質量達標的全國污染物排放量控制目標：以2012年為基準，2030年全國SO2、NOX、一次PM2.5和VOCs排放量應分別削減52%、65%、57%和39%，NH3排放量有所下降。EmissionreductiontargetinChina:by2030,theemissionsofSO2,NOX,PM2.5andVOCsinChinashouldbereducedby52%,65%,57%,and39%comparedwiththoseof2012.TheemissionsofNH3shoulddecreaseslightly.研究內容2）“十三五”與2030年大氣污染防治目標與路線圖2)Task2:AirPollutionPreventionandControlRoadmapforthe13thFYPand2030Long-termPlan對于污染嚴重的重點區域，應采取更嚴格的控制力度：例如京津冀地區2030年SO2、NOX、PM2.5、VOC和NH3的排放量至少應分別削減59%、72%、70%、44%和21%，且周邊山東等省需同步嚴格控制。Weshouldintensifyemissioncontrolinheavilypollutedareas.Forexample,SO2,NOX,PM2.5,VOCandNH3emissionsintheBeijing-Tianjin-HebeiRegionin2030shouldbereducedbyatleast59%,72%,70%,44%,and21%respectively.研究內容2）“十三五”與2030年大氣污染防治目標與路線圖2)Task2:AirPollutionPreventionandControlRoadmapforthe13thFYPand2030Long-termPlan研究內容2）“十三五”與2030年大氣污染防治目標與路線圖2)Task2:AirPollutionPreventionandControlRoadmapforthe13thFYPand2030Long-termPlanEmissionControlPathways要實現2030年空氣質量達標需采取非常嚴格的控制情景EitherENE+EOPorMFRscenarioneedtobeadoptedtoachievetheairqualitytargetby2030inChina.1)Businessasusual,趨勢照常情景(BAU);2)End-of-pipecontrol,末端治理情景(EOP)3)Alternativeenergypolicy+Endofpipecontrol,可持續能源+末端治理情景(ENE+EOP)4)MaximumFeasibleReduction,最大減排潛力情景

(MFR)煤炭清潔高效可持續利用

Clean,efficientandsustainableuseofcoal煤炭優先用于電廠等大型燃燒設備，推進小型燃煤鍋爐和爐灶的淘汰，推廣集中供熱著力提高煤炭利用效率：燃煤電廠的平均熱效率由2010年的36%提高到2030年的42%；工業鍋爐、煉鐵高爐、水泥生產、煉焦爐和磚瓦窯單位產品的能耗從2010年到2030年分別降低24%、13%、16%、44%和27%加速能源結構調整，提升清潔能源比例

Speeduptheadjustmentofenergystructure;increasetheuseofcleanenergy到2030年，全國煤炭占能源消費比例不超過50%2030年天然氣、核能、可再生能源（不包括生物質）占比應達到25%強化多源、多污染物的協同控制

Strengthenthecoordinatedcontrolonmulti-sourcesandmulti-pollutants研究內容2）“十三五”與2030年大氣污染防治目標與路線圖2)Task2:AirPollutionPreventionandControlRoadmapforthe13thFYPand2030Long-termPlan區域空氣質量管理的國際經驗Regionalairqualitymanagement研究內容3）區域大氣污染防治協調機制國際經驗3)Task3:InternationalExperiencesofCoordinationMechanismforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControlSource:USEPA美國建立區域性的規劃機構（RPO）協調區域大氣污染防控EPAandstatesandotherstakeholderscreatedregionalplanningorganizationstofosterregionalcoordinationandcooperation.Source:EMEP,2013歐洲1979年簽署“長距離越境空氣污染公約”，減排政策的制定建立在定量化跨界輸送分析基礎之上。CLRTAP,emissionreductionpolicybuiltonthebasisofquantitativeanalysisofcross-bordertransport.EstablishemissiontrackingsystemsImproveregionalmodellingcapabilitiesBuildcapacityforairqualitymanagement中國應實施強有力的區域協調計劃，確?？諝馕廴镜貐^內所有相關方進行密切協調

ChinashouldadoptastrongregionalprogramtoassureclosecoordinationbyallpartieswhoseemissionscontributetotheairqualityinagivenairshedFacilitatecoordinationandcooperationamongprovincialandmunicipalairandenergyofficials.Buildcapacitythroughtraining,andsharingexperiencesandlessons.Bringconsistencytoemissiondata,monitoringnetworksandmethods,andmodelinganalysis.Leverageresources.為實現最佳的減排成本效益，歐美采用了多部門協同控制方法，中國也應該采用這種方法Integratedmulti-sectorialpolicyapproacheshavebeenusedtocost-effectivelyreduceemissionsinEuropeandtheUSandshouldbeusedinChina-SO2,NOX,PMandVOCsemissionsshouldbereducedthrough:(i)energyefficiencyimprovements(decouplingbetweenGDPandenergyconsumption),(ii)changesinfuelinput,i.e.,substitutionofcoalbycleanerfuels,and(iii)dedicatedend-of-pipeemissioncontrolmeasures,withstrictenforcementmechanisms.Stationarysources:Minimumperformancestandardsbasedonthebestavailableemissioncontroltechnologieswhicharenotexcessivelycostly,shouldberequiredforallnewmajorsourcesandanymajorsourcesundergoingsignificantmodificationorrelocation.Inpollutedareas,localauthoritiesshouldbeauthorizedtoimposeevenstricterstandards.研究內容3）區域大氣污染防治協調機制國際經驗3)Task3:InternationalExperiencesofCoordinationMechanismforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControlMobilesources:Whilelocalvehicleemissionstandardscanaccelerateearlyprogress,motorvehiclesespeciallycommercialvehiclestravelacrosspoliticalboundaries;therefore,nationalvehicleemissionrequirementsshouldbesufficientlystringenttoaddressthemostseriousairpollutionproblems.Mobilesources:Oncefuelofsufficientqualityisavailable,themoststringentfeasiblevehiclestandardshavebeenfoundtobeverycosteffectiveinEuropeandtheUSandshouldbeadoptedinChina.Economicincentives,suchasemission-dependentvehicletaxesandmotorwaychargingschemes,shouldbeusedtopromotefastermodernizationofthevehiclefleetorretrofitwithexhaustgastreatmentsystems,likedieselparticulatefilters.中國應花大力氣建立強有力的措施實施保障計劃

ChinashouldfocusonbuildingastrongandeffectivecomplianceprogramTheeffectivenessofthepoliciesandcontrolmeasuresadoptedbyChinaisultimatelydependentonawell-fundedandstaffedcomplianceprogram.研究內容3）區域大氣污染防治協調機制國際經驗3)Task3:InternationalExperiencesofCoordinationMechanismforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControl中國清潔空氣計劃的關鍵：制定能夠充分保障公眾健康的合理空氣質量標準，建立能夠準確評估措施實施的監測網絡

SettingappropriateairqualitystandardsthatwilladequatelyprotectpublichealthandimplementingamonitoringnetworkthataccuratelyassessescompliancewiththosestandardsshouldbethebackboneofChina’sCleanAirProgramAmbientairpollutiondataqualityshouldbeensuredthroughcarefullydesignedandoperateddataqualityassuranceandqualitycontrol(QA/QC)procedures.Ambientmonitoringnetworksshouldbedesignedtoenabletheapportioningofthecontributionsfromlocalsources,urbanconurbations,andregionalpollutionsources.中國的當務之急：制定污染控制有效性評估方案，量化空氣質量改善進展

AprocessformeasuringtheeffectivenessofcontrolmeasuresanddeterminingprogressinimprovingairqualityshouldbeapriorityforChinaTheevaluationofannualairqualitychangesshouldbeadjustedforinter-annualdifferencesinmeteorologicalandotherconditions.Measuringannualimprovementinairqualityisstronglylinkedwithquality/accuracyofthemonitoreddata,andtheneededcapacityforQA/QCprocedures.中國應強調大氣污染物減排對改善氣候變化的協同效益

Chinashouldhighlighttheclimatechangeco-benefitsoftheairpollutioncontroleffortChina’sairpollutioncontroleffortwillreducecoalconsumption,increasetheuseofrenewablefuels,improvevehicleefficiency,etc.;eachoftheseairpollutioncontrolstepswillreduceCO2emissionsasaco-benefit.Extremelyimportanttohighlighttheclimatebenefitsofthecleanairstrategyandthewin-winnatureoftheeffort研究內容3）區域大氣污染防治協調機制國際經驗3)Task3:InternationalExperiencesofCoordinationMechanismforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControl研究內容4）區域大氣污染防治協調機制與政策研究4)Task4:CoordinationMechanismandPolicyStudyforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControl傳統分區未考慮污染傳輸規律，缺乏對污染特征的系統分析，因此不夠全面。1)ConventionalairpollutioncontrolandmanagementinChinalacksconsiderationofairpollutiontransportandasystematicanalysisofairpollution.2)Inthefuture,regionsshouldbescientificallygroupedbasedonquantitativeresearchbasedonsatellites,ambientmonitorsandairqualitymodelstoenhanceairqualitymanagement.傳統分區：行政、經濟、人口、污染物排放Traditionalmanagementzone:Territorial,Economic,Population,Emission基于衛星遙感的分區：大氣污染特征相似性Satellitemanagementzone:Similarityofairpollution基于地面監測的分區：大氣污染累積過程的同步性Monitoringdatemanagementzone:synchronizationofcumulativeprocessofurbanairpollution基于模型模擬的分區：地區間大氣污染傳輸規律

Modelingmanagementzone:regionalairpollutiontransfermenchanism對全國、京津冀及周邊地區、長三角區域大氣污染防治協調機制進行了系統評估Assessthecoordinationmechanisminnational,andJing-Jin-Ji/YangtzeRiverDeltaregions.研究內容4）區域大氣污染防治協調機制與政策研究4)Task4:CoordinationMechanismandPolicyStudyforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControlThe2thcoordinatedmeetinginJJJandsurroundingareaThe1st

coordinatedmeetinginYRDregion研究內容4）區域大氣污染防治協調機制與政策研究4)Task4:CoordinationMechanismandPolicyStudyforRegionalAirPollutionPreventionandControlNationalAirQualityForecastingandWarningSystem

現有區域協作偏重于重污染天氣的預警與應急聯動，而在規劃、控制目標和要求、常態化監督管理和聯合執法機制的統一建設方面相對缺乏，環境信息共享覆蓋面和深度遠不能滿足區域大氣污染防治的要求。1)Theregionalcoordinationmechanismislimited,focusedprimarilyonheavypollutionweatheralertsandjointemergencyresponses.2)Theregionslackunifiedplans,objectives,controlrequirements,supervisionandadministration.Astoenvironmentalinformationsharing,significantprogressisneededtomeettherequirementsforregionalairpollutionpreventionandcontrol.主要研究結論MajorResearchConclusions

(1)1)以細顆粒物（PM2.5）為主要特征污染物的區域性大氣環境問題日益突出。Regionalatmosphericproblems,includingPM2.5,whichisbecomingincreasinglyprominent.2)在《大氣污染防治行動計劃》指導下，亟需建立完善的控制績效評估體系來科學評估各項措施實施帶來的環境、社會和經濟效益。Itisimperativetoalsoestablishathoroughperformanceappraisalsystemforscientificevaluationoftheenvironmental,socialandeconomicbenefitsgeneratedbythepollutionpreventionandcontrolmeasures.3)實施“大氣十條”后京津冀地區PM2.5濃度降幅顯著，但天津市和河北省仍存在達不到2017年濃度降低25%的風險，后續需進一步強化多源多污染物的協同控制力度。Accordingtothepre-implementationanalysisoftheBeijing-Tianjin-HebeiRegionactionplan,PM2.5concentrationsareexpectedtodropsignificantly.However,TianjinandHebeimaynotreachthe25%PM2.5concentrationreductiontargetbytheyear2017.Resourcesandcapacityforcomprehensiveimplementationofthepolicymeasuresmustbeenhanced.一、全國大氣污染形勢嚴峻，亟需建立完善的控制績效評估體系AThoroughAppraisalSystemisNeededforAirPollutionPlans主要研究結論MajorResearchConclusions(2)1)以實現2030年重點城市空氣質量達標為目標的減排壓力巨大：以2012年為基準，2030年全國SO2、NOX、PM2.5和VOC排放量應分別至少削減52%、65%、57%和39%，NH3排放量略有下降。對于污染嚴重的重點區域，還應采取更嚴格的控制力度。AirqualityinkeycitiesshouldachievetheambientairqualitystandardforPM2.5

by2030.Onthebasisof2012emissions,SO2,NOX,PM2.5andVOCemissionsnationwideshouldbereducedbyatleast52%,65%,57%,and39%,respectively,by2030,andNH3shoulddecreaseslightly.Weshouldintensifyemissioncontrolinheavilypollutedareas.2)亟需開展多污染物、多污染源和多區域的協同控制，采用調整能源結構、提高能源效率、加強末端治理等全過程的控制措施。Chinashouldcarryoutcoordinatedcontroleffortsformultiplepollutantsandemissionsourcesindifferentregions,adoptingcontrolmeasuresthatcancomplementtheprocessofadjustingtheenergystructure,improvingenergyefficiencyandenhancingend-of-pipepollutioncontrol,etc.China’sAirPollutionProblemWillRequireYearstoSolve！二、未來中國實現空氣質量達標的多污染物協同減排壓力巨大ChinaFacesGreatChallengestoReduceEmissionsandMeettheAirQualityStandard主要研究結論MajorResearchConclusions(3)1)歐洲和美國要求地方和州/國家有關當局在規定的時間框架內達到環境空氣質量標準，并提供減少排放和降低污染的綜合策略，同時建立綜合和信息公開的空氣質量監測網。EuropeandtheUSdemandthattherelevantlocalandstate/nationalauthoritiesachieveairqualitystandardswithinspecifiedtimeframes.TheEuropeanAirQualityPlansandtheAmericanStateImplementationPlansoutlinecomprehensivestrategiesforemissionreductionsandairqualityimprovements.Comprehensiveairqualitymonitoringnetworksareusedtoevaluateprogresstowardmeetingambientairqualitystandards,andensuretransparencyofrelevantenvironmentmonitoringinformation.2)為協調區域大氣污染防治，歐洲和美國均建立了完善的區域空氣質量管理機制。BothEuropeandtheUShaveestablishedintegratedmanagementmechanismsforregionalairqualitytocoordinateregionalairpollutionpreventionacrossstates/nations(e.g.,CLRTAP,RPO).三、國際經驗可為我國區域大氣污染防治協調機制提供重要的參考InternationalExperienceisanImportantReferenceforRegionalAirPollutionControlandCoordination

主要研究結論MajorResearchConclusions(4)1)傳統的大氣污染控制管理分區對大氣污染傳輸規律考慮不夠，缺乏對大氣污染特征的系統分析。Conventionalairpollutioncontrolandmanagementlacksconsiderationofairpollutiontransportandasystematicanalysisofairpollution.2)以主要污染物總量減排為主的考核方式導致地方政府在一定程度上忽視了轄區空氣質量改善，區域和城市缺乏統一的空氣質量目標。BecausetheperformanceappraisalfocusesontotalemissioncontrolofSO2andNOX,localgovernmentshave,tosomeextent,notfocusedonairqualityimprovements.Alackofunifiedairqualityobjectivesandlackofcoordinationamongcitiesandprovinceshavehinderedregionalairqualityimprovements.3)現有區域協調機制較為松散，區域協作多停留在重污染天氣的預警與應急聯動Theregionalcoordinationmechanismislimited,focusedprimarilyonheavypollutionweatheralertsandjointemergencyresponses.Theregionslackunifiedplans,objectives,controlrequirements,supervisionandadministration,aswellasenvironmentalinformationsharing.四、中國區域協調機制較為松散，統一的規劃、目標和管理較缺乏ChinaLacksStrongRegionalCoordinationInstitutionsandUnifiedPlans,ObjectivesandManagement主要政策建議MajorPolicyRecommendations(1)

提高空氣質量達標的法律地位：應在《大氣污染防治法》中明確規定實施以空氣質量達標為核心的大氣環境保護目標責任制和考核評價制度。ImprovetheLegalStatusofStandardAirQuality:TheAtmosphericPollutionPreventionLawshouldexplicitlystatethatprovincialandlocalgovernmentsmustimplementandenforceatmosphericprotectionprogramsbasedonairqualityobjectives.2)在以質量改善為核心的環境管理模式下，大氣環境管理應打破行政邊界的限制，進行科學大氣環境管理分區：將我國東部污染較重且傳輸活躍的省份統一納入一個分區。Theatmosphericmanagementregionsshouldnotbebasedpurelyonpoliticalboundaries,butshouldbebasedonscientificassessmentsthatconsiderspatialandtemporaldistributionofemissions,meteorology,terrainandpollutiontransport.Theeasternprovinceswithheavyairpollutionshouldbegroupedintooneregion.一、建立基于質量改善的大氣污染控制管理模式BuildinganAir-Quality-OrientedAirPollutionManagementSystem主要政策建議MajorPolicyRecommendations(2)1)針對污染嚴重的大氣環境管理分區，如我國從京津冀到長江中下游的東部區域，從國家層面以區域空氣質量整體達標為目標，制定東部區域空氣質量達標規劃，推進區域大氣污染協同控制。Basedonthetargetofregionalairqualitycomplianceinkeyregions,suchaseasternprovinces,thescheduleforachievingairqualitystandardsindifferentcitiesshouldbeconsideredatthenationallevel,aimingtoimproveairqualitywhileprovidingareasonableandfeasiblepathway.Policiesshouldpromotecoordinatedcontrolofregionalairpollution,rigorouslycontrolthetotalemissionamountandreducepollutiontransport.2)建立明確、統一、完整的區域大氣污染防治管理機制。Establishaclear-cut,unifiedandintegratedregionalairpollutioncontrolandmanagementmechanism.3)整合國家科技力量建立區域決策支持和規劃機構。Establishregionaldecisionsupportandplanningagencytoprovidenationalandlocalscientificandtechno