波形監視器在數字電視中的應用王偉泰克科技(中國)有限公司視頻測試部October2000Footer/Optional2RGBCompositeEncoderAtoD

ConvYR-YB-YSerializerSerializerClockX10YCRCB10BitsParallel

DigitalComponent

27MB/sec.1485GB/SecSerialDigitalComposite

143Mb/sec(NTSC)177Mb/sec(PAL)D2andD3ParallelDigitalComposite

PAL=17.7MB/sec

NTSC=14.3MB/sec4Fsc

(PAL=17.7MHz)

(NTSC=14.3MHz)Component

AnalogVideo

(RGB)Analog

Composite

Video

(PAL/NTSC/SECAM)DVD

DigitalVersatile

(Video)DiskAtoD

ConvAudioColorDifference

Component

AnalogVideo

(Y,B-Y,R-Y)MPEG2

SingleProgram

TransportStreamsTransmission

Channel

TxMPEG2

Single

Program

Transport

StreamsTransmissionChannel

Analysis1.Telcoa.SDHb.ATMc.SONET2.Satellitea.DVB-S

(QPSK)3.Cablea.DVB-C

(16,32or

64QAM)4.Terrestriala.DVB-T

(OFDM)b.ATSC

(8VSB)5.Interneta.Streaming

VideoMPEG2

Generation,Analysis

andMonitoringPicture

QualityMonitoringSerialDigitalComponent-D1

ITU-RBT.601(SMPTE259M)

270Mb/sec

ITU-RBT.709(SMPTE292M)

1.485Gb/secMPEG2

Program

StreamDataDataAnalogCompositeVideo

(PAL/NTSC/SECAM)AtoD

ConvMultiplexed27MB/sec

Multiplexed.1485GB/sec

CB/Y/CR/Y/CB/Y

10BitsParallel6.75MHz

37.125MHz

SampleRateforCB

andCR13.5MHz

74.25MHz

Sample

RateforY270MHz

1.485GHzVQoS

(VideoQualityofService)SerialDigitalComponent-D1

ITU-RBT.601(SMPTE259M)

270Mb/sec

ITU-RBT.709(SMPTE292M)

1.485Gb/secAudioDe-MultiplexerTransmission

Channel

RxMultiplexerMPEG2

Multi-

Program

TransportStream

MPEG2

Audio

Video

Encoder

MPEG2

Video

Audio

Decoder10Bits

ParallelAtoD

ConvY,B-Y,R-YScaledtoY,CB,CRMatrix3視頻基礎知識

MatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerRGB270MHzYR-YB-Y6.75MHz

SampleRateforB-Y

andR-Y13.5MHz

Sample

RateforYSerializerClockX10ITU-RBT.601-2

SerialDigital

Component

270Mb/secYR-YB-Y10BitsParallelITU-RBT.601-2

ParallelDigitalComponent

27MB/secSerialDigitalComposite

143Mb/sec(NTSC)177Mb/sec(PAL)ParallelDigitalComposite

PAL=17.7MHz

NTSC=14.3MHzMultiplexed27MB/sec

B-Y/Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y

10BitsParallel4Fsc

(PAL=17.7MHz)

(NTSC=14.3MHz)Component

AnalogVideo

(RGB)Analog

Composite

Video

(PAL/NTSC)MPEG2

Program

EncoderDVD

DigitalVersatile

(Video)DiskAtoD

ConvAudioColorDifference

Component

AnalogVideo

(Y,B-Y,R-Y)MPEG2

Protocol

TransportStreamTransmission

Channel

TxTransmission

Channel

RxMPEG2

Program

DecoderMPEG2

Protocol

TransportStreamTransmissionChannelAnalysisSDH,ATM,SONETorModulatedRFSignals.MPEG2

Protocol

AnalysisPicture

Quality

AnalysisITU-RBT.601-2SerialDigital

Component270Mb/secMPEG2

Protocol

ProgramStreamDataDataAnalogComposite

Video(PAL/NTSC)AtoD

ConvAtoD

Conv模擬分量模擬復合數字復合數字分量MPEG4096x21603840x2160ImageSizeMatters1920x10801280x720720x480720x57644KVideoTestandMonitoringSolutionOverviewOctober2000Footer/Optional5VideoFormatsSummary

RGBComponentAnalogVideo(RGB)4xFscSample(PAL=17.7MHz)(NTSC=14.4MHz)ClockX10ComponentAnalogVideo(R-Y,B-Y,Y)YB-YR-Y10bits6.75MHzSample13.5MHzSampleMultiplexed27Mbytes/Sec...Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y...ClockX10D1ParallelDigitalComponentD1SerialDigitalComponent270Mb/SecD2SerialDigitalComposite(144Mb/Sec)(177Mb/Sec)D2ParallelDigitalCompositeYB-YR-YCameraMatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerAnalogCompositeVideo(NTSC/PAL)10bitsParallelAtoDConvAtoDConvAtoDConvSerializerOctober2000Footer/Optional6CbYCrYCbYCrYA/DA/DA/DYPbPr6.75MHz37.125MHz13.5MHz74.25MHz4:2:210Parallel

Bits10BitParallelSamplesat27MB/sParallelto

Serial

Converter270MHz1.485GHz

SerialDigitalComponent

270Mb/s1,485Gb/sCbYCrYCbYCrYITU-BT.R656/SMPTE259M

SMPTE292M串行轉并行SD/HDTV–Y,Pb,PrQuantizingand4:2:2

4:2:2Sample,SamplingWord,

DigitalHorizontalLine

(4:2:2取樣,量化字,數字行)

October2000Footer/Optional8SDTV–SignalCreationStartwithColorDifferenceVideoSignalY-LuminanceB-Y(U)R-Y(V)+714mV(700mV)0mV-286mV(-300mV)+500mV(+490mV)0mV-500mV(-490mV)WHTYELCYNGRNMGTREDBLUBLKCHANNEL1

Y*(Y)CHANNEL2

B-Y*(U)CHANNEL3

R-Y*(V)0mV-636mV(-620mV)+636mV(+620mV)* Derivedfrom714mVRGBsignals

(Derivedfrom700mVRGBsignals-PALrefburstvaluesnotshown)October2000Footer/Optional94:2:2Sampling4:2:21LuminancesampleY2ChrominancesamplesCb,CrOctober2000Footer/Optional10601

取樣

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

linenlinen+263linen+1linen+2644:2:2Sampling

mendationITU-RBT.601(CCIRmendation601)“4”=13.5MHz“2”=6.75MHzCbYCrYCbYCrYVerticalBlankingActiveVideo720pixelsx483linesOctober2000Footer/Optional114:2:2Sampling

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

linenlinen+563linen+1linen+5644:2:2Sampling

mendationITU-RBT.601(CCIRmendation601)“4”=74.25MHz“2”=37.125MHz(“4”=13.5MHz“2”=6.75MHz)CbYCrYCbYCrYVerticalBlankingActiveVideo1920pixelsx1080linesCbYCrYCbYCrYOctober2000Footer/Optional12SDTV–SignalCreation–Sampling,Quantizing(取樣,量化)

Analog

SignalA/DConverter100000111000010100010010100100000011111110000110111111000011SamplingFrequencyNo.ofBitsRepresentingAmplitudeatSamplingPointSample1Sample2Sample3Sample4Sample5Sample6Sample1Sample2Sample3Sample4Sample5Sample6MSBLSBAnalogtoDigitalConversionOctober2000Footer/Optional1374.25MHz(HD)/13.5MHz(SD)luminancesampling,10bitwords1920samples/activeline;(720samples/activeline)877quantizationlevelsforactivevideoBlackatlevel64,peakwhiteatlevel940-51.1mv000ExcludedExcluded766.3mv3FF700.0mv3AC

0.0mv040Black

PeakWhite

6401023940

763.1mv3FC10193

-47.9mv00314亮度分量

10-bit量化超出

766.3mV 3FF 1111111111峰值

700.0mV 3AC 1110101100黑電平

0mV 040 0001000000超出

-51.1mV 000 0000000000

電壓

766.3mV

超出

–非法 763.9mV(107IRE)

不推薦

告警

峰值

700.0mV{October2000Footer/Optional1537.125MHz(HD)/6.75MHz(SD)colordifferencesampling960samples/activeline;(360sample/activeline)897quantizationlevelsforactivevideoZeromvsignalatlevel512ExcludedZeroMax.Neg.Max.PosExcluded-350.0mv040-400.0mv

0000.0mv200+350.0mv3C0+399.2mv

3FF6405121023960+396.1mv3FC1019-396.9mv0033October2000Footer/Optional16標準清晰度水平行FirstactivepicturesampleLastactivepicturesampleCOMPONENT:Activelinedigitized,EAV/SAVaddedEAVSAV 1712 3FF 000 1715 XYZ 0 Cb 1 Y 2 Cr 3 Y3FF000000XYZXYZWordConveysStart/EndofLine(H),

VerticalBlanking(V),andField(F)October2000Footer/Optional17XYZ字定義

October2000Footer/Optional18XYZ字圖示October2000Footer/Optional19標準清晰度水平行

EAVSAVEAV4words4words4wordsTOTALLINE1716/1728WORDSfor525/625ANALOGLINEDIGITALACTIVELINE(samefor525/625)1440WORDS(0-1439)276/288

WORDSfor525/625BLANKINGINTERVALOctober2000Footer/Optional20WFM7100的數據顯示（SD信號）H消隱期SDSAV3FF,000,000,XYZ有效視頻3FF000,000XYZOctober2000Footer/Optional21SMPTE292HD數字水平行FirstactivepicturesampleLastactivepicturesampleCOMPONENT:Activelinedigitized,EAV/SAVaddedEAVSAV 3FF 3FF 000 000 000 000 XYZ XYZ 0 Cb 1 Y 2 Cr 3 YXYZWordConveysStart/EndofLine(H),

VerticalBlanking(V),andField(F)3FFC3FFY000C000Y000C000YXYZCXYZYLN0CLN0YLN1CLN1YCRC0YCR0CRC1YCR1October2000Footer/Optional22SMPTE292HD數字水平行October2000Footer/Optional23InterleavedDataStreamOctober2000Footer/Optional24SMPTE292HD數字水平行

EAVSAVEAV8words4words8wordsTOTALLINE2640WORDSANALOGLINEDIGITALACTIVELINE1920YWORDS1920Pb/PrWORDS(0-1919)BLANKINGINTERVAL

720YWORDS720Pb/PrWORDS(1920-2639)October2000Footer/Optional25WFM7100的數據顯示（HD信號）H消隱期HDSAVCbYCrY3FF,3FF,000,000,000,000,XYZ,XYZ有效視頻3FF000,000XYZ3FF000,000XYZOctober2000Footer/Optional26WFM7100的數據顯示（HD信號）ActiveVideoHDEAVCbYCrY3FF,3FF,000,000,000,000,XYZ,XYZLN0(C),LN0(Y),LN1(C),LN1(Y),CCRC0,YCRC0,CCRC1,VCRC1HBlankingInterval3FF000,000XYZLN0LN1CRC0CRC1October2000Footer/Optional27EAV?SAV?SAVEAVOctober2000Footer/Optional28October2000Footer/Optional29

討論提綱波形監視器在節目錄制中的應用圖像畫面監測立體聲,環繞聲監測其他應用波形監視器在節目傳輸中的應用誤碼檢測抖動檢測眼圖監控加壓測試波形監視器在播出中的應用波形監視器在節目技審中的應用TektronixNewSD/HDWaveform介紹

波形監視器在節目錄制中的應用圖像畫面監測October2000Footer/Optional311,圖像畫面監視00000000000000000010101001010…??October2000Footer/Optional32VideoFormatsSummary

RGBComponentAnalogVideo(RGB)4xFscSample(PAL=17.7MHz)(NTSC=14.4MHz)ClockX10ComponentAnalogVideo(R-Y,B-Y,Y)YB-YR-Y10bits6.75MHzSample13.5MHzSampleMultiplexed27Mbytes/Sec...Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y...ClockX10D1ParallelDigitalComponentD1SerialDigitalComponent270Mb/SecD2SerialDigitalComposite(144Mb/Sec)(177Mb/Sec)D2ParallelDigitalCompositeYB-YR-YCameraMatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerAnalogCompositeVideo(NTSC/PAL)10bitsParallelAtoDConvAtoDConvAtoDConvSerializerOctober2000Footer/Optional33CbYCrYCbYCrYA/DA/DA/DYPbPr6.75MHz37.125MHz13.5MHz74.25MHz4:2:210Parallel

Bits10BitParallelSamplesat27MB/sParallelto

Serial

Converter270MHz1.485GHz

SerialDigitalComponent

270Mb/s1,485Gb/sCbYCrYCbYCrYITU-BT.R656/SMPTE259M

SMPTE292M串行轉并行SD/HDTV–Y,Pb,PrQuantizingand4:2:2October2000Footer/Optional341.SDI信號StandardDefinitionClock27MHzHighDefinitionClock148.5MHzevenrates(148.5/1.001)=1.4835MHzoddrates

October2000Footer/Optional351.1,SDI與Analog00000000000000000010101001010…October2000Footer/Optional361.2,Thetraditionalanalogcomposite

measurementmethodisbeingquestionedDe-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvCompositeEncoderDtoA?0000…0000…傳統的模擬復合測試方法受到質疑October2000Footer/Optional371.3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?

?0000…0000…DigitalCamera“眼圖”能否監測畫面圖象質量？October2000Footer/Optional381.3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?October2000Footer/Optional391.4,WhyisthemethodofmonitoringY,Pb/Prnotappropriate?

?De-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoA10bitsParallelDigitalCamera0000…0000…為何監測Y,Pb/Pr方法也不合適

October2000Footer/Optional40

1.4,為何監測Y,Pb,Pr方法也不合適

監測Y,Pb,Pr的目的?最大電平,最小電平October2000Footer/Optional411.4,Y的最大電平和最小電平720samples/activeline877quantizationlevelsBlackatlevel64,peakwhiteatlevel940-51.1mv000ExcludedExcluded766.3mv3FF700.0mv3AC

0.0mv040BlackPeak

6401023d9403FB10203

003(79_941~10193AD~3FB)60_4~63003~039877_64~940040~3AC763MV-48MVOctober2000Footer/Optional421.4,Pb和Pr的最大電平和最小電平360samples/activeline897quantizationlevelszerosignalatlevel512ExcludedZeroMaxNegMaxPosExcluded-350.0mv040-400.0mV0000.0mv200+350.0mv3C0+399.2mv3FF6405121023d960

3FB1019

0033+398MV-398MVOctober2000Footer/Optional431.4,對Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值監測有否任何意義?實驗也證明對任何SDI視頻信號:Y的最大值不會超過+763mv,最小值不會低于-48mvPB,PR的最大值不超過+398mv,最小值不低于-398mv引出的問題:傳統上的對Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值監測有否意義?在數字領域---挑戰!!!合法的Y,PB,PR是否一定有效?即使Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值在規定的電平范圍之內是否一定有效。(是否產生最有效的圖象）October2000Footer/Optional441.5,合法與有效合法與非法:如果視頻信號在其使用格式中，信號電壓在規定容限之內，該信號稱為合法信號。超出規定容限，則為非法信號。有效與無效有效信號是指處于彩色色域中并在轉換為其它格式時仍然保持合法的視頻信號。由有效信號的定義可以看出，有效信號必定是合法信號，而在某一格式中是合法的信號卻不一定是有效信號。October2000Footer/Optional451.5,合法與有效--圖解計算0.000.56-0.35-0.060.270.240.30-0.027-0.05-0.300.37ITU-RBT.601

Y’=0.587G’+0.114B’+0.299R’Pb=0.564(B’-Y’)Pr=0.713(R’-Y’)

R’=Y’+1.403Pr

R’(4)=0.37+1.403X(-0.3)=-0.05(mv)

G’=Y’-0.344Pb-0.714Pr

G’(5)=0.27-0.344X0.24-0.714X0.3=-0.027(mv)

B’=Y’+1.773Pb

B’(2)=0.56+1.773X(-0.35)=-0.06(mv)October2000Footer/Optional461.5,實驗:觀測Y,PB,PR的合法與有效實驗證明對任何視頻信號:即使合法的Y,PB,PR信號在轉換成R,G,B后,也可能是無效(非法)信號甚至在所有的標準測試信號中,也只有彩條信號是有效信號引出的問題:D1各式的數字視頻信號源之與Y,PB,PR,在還原成R,G,B時也同樣會產生無效信號,即非法彩色信號Y,PB,PR僅僅是中間信號,是由數學公式產生的信號,并非是最后還原圖象的信號.R,G,B信號源之于圖象,最后還原成圖象.防止非法彩色是提高數字視頻質量的一個新課題.October2000Footer/Optional471.6Chromaticity(色度)Formatslimitcolourrange各種格式限制了色域的范圍Carehastobetakenwhenconvertingbetweenformats在視頻格式轉換中,必須關注是否超越相應的色域范圍October2000Footer/Optional481.6,Chromaticity(色度)700546.1435.8October2000Footer/Optional491.6,R’G’B’與Y’P’bP’r色域空間ReproduciblecolorsmustbeinsidethecubeRed

GreenandBlueareindependentY’P’bP’rReproduciblecolorsmustbeinsideparallelepipedY,PbandPrareNOTindependent!ITU-RBT.601

Y’=0.299R’+0.587G’+0.114B’Y’=0.587G’+0.114B’+0.299R’R’-Y’=0.701R’-0.587G’-0.114B’Pb=0.564(B’-Y’)

B’-Y’=-0.299R’-0.587G’+0.886B’Pr=0.713(R’-Y’)

October2000Footer/Optional501.6,Forcorrectcolorgamut,

---R'G'Bshouldbethesignalstobefocused.

在所有合法的Y,PB,PR信號中,只有25%左右是有效的對準確的顯示色域而言---R’G’B’應是我們最關注的信號AmongalllegalY,PB,PRsignals,onlyabout25%arevalid.

October2000Footer/Optional511.6,MonitoringR,G,Bisthemostidealandscientificmethod.

De-serializeBRGDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoA0000…0000…監測R,G,B才是最合理,最科學的方法October2000Footer/Optional521.6,Gamutmonitoring—thetraditionalway

WhiteGamutBlackGamut傳統的RGB波形監測方法October2000Footer/Optional531.6,DirectdisplayofR,G,BinSDIsignalsdiamonddisplayDe-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvCompositeEncoderDtoA0000…0000…R,G,B在SDI信號中的直接顯示--鉆石顯示October2000Footer/Optional541.6.1,PerfectGamutmonitoring—Diamonddisplay

Gamut色域配置菜單可選擇色域容限(完美的顯示色域的監視—鉆石顯示)October2000Footer/Optional551.6.1,HowtheDiamonddisplayisformedOctober2000Footer/Optional561.6.1,HowtheDiamonddisplayisformed

鉆石顯示的形成

October2000Footer/Optional571.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay

_100%ColorBarOctober2000Footer/Optional581.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay

_100%ColorBarOctober2000Footer/Optional591.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayRErrorRRedAmplitudeErrorBGGR蘭通道中的黑偏置BGGOctober2000Footer/Optional601.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay藍色底電平超標，圖像層次感差October2000Footer/Optional611.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayLiveandtestsignalsEasyfaultisolationGGRBOctober2000Footer/Optional621.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional631.6.2,Application–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional641.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional651.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional661.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional67菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點在菱形顯示中，顯示圖像信號的綠色光跡亮暗程度和面積大小是隨圖像信號的不斷變化而變化根據信號顯示的綠色光跡亮暗程度和面積大小就可以直觀地判斷節目圖像質量的優劣菱形顯示不僅能監測圖像信號是否超過規定的色域標準，而且,即使是圖像信號未超標的節目,菱形顯示也能直觀地顯示圖像質量的優劣,這是菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的明顯特點October2000Footer/Optional68綠色光跡面積越大,說明圖像顏色越豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越好菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional69

綠色光跡面積越大,說明圖像顏色越豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越好菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional70綠色光跡面積越大,說明圖像顏色越豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越好菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional71綠色光跡面積越小,說明圖像顏色越不豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越差菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional72綠色光跡面積越小,說明圖像顏色越不豐富、色彩飽和度越差、亮度低、色彩單調菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional73綠色光跡面積越小,說明圖像顏色越不豐富、色彩飽和度越差、亮度低、色彩單調菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional74綠色光跡越明亮的地方,說明圖像分量信號越集中（越多),圖像的亮度層次和色彩飽和度越好綠色光跡越暗淡的地方，說明圖像分量信號越不集中（越少），圖像的亮度層次和色彩飽和度越差菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional75

綠色光跡向外伸展的越長、在標準線以外伸展的越遠,說明圖像的某些分量信號幅度越大菱形顯示優于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional76超標信號的菱形顯示凡是在藍色線框以外顯示的信號光跡都是超標的圖像信號October2000Footer/Optional771.6.3,信號光跡面積與畫面質量綠色光跡面積小圖像色彩不豐富亮度層次差色彩飽和度差綠色光跡面積大圖像色彩豐富亮度層次好色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional781.6.3,信號光跡面積大,亮度和色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional791.6.3,信號光跡面積小,亮度和色彩飽和度差October2000Footer/Optional801.6.3,信號光跡面積大,色彩豐富October2000Footer/Optional811.6.3,信號光跡面積小,色彩單調October2000Footer/Optional821.6.3,信號光跡面積大,色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional831.6.3,信號光跡面積小,亮度和色彩飽和度差October2000Footer/Optional841.6.3,信號光跡面積大,亮度和色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional85

1.6.3,信號光跡面積小,亮度和色彩飽和度差October2000Footer/Optional86紅色分量信號超標的菱形顯示顯示在“R”方向藍色線框以外的信號光跡，則是紅色分量信號超標，造成紅色信號非法October2000Footer/Optional87藍色分量信號超標的菱形顯示顯示在“B”方向藍色線框以外，則是藍色分量信號超標，造成藍色信號非法October2000Footer/Optional88藍色分量信號超標的菱形顯示October2000Footer/Optional89綠色分量信號超標的菱形顯示顯示在“G”方向藍色線框以外，是綠色分量信號超標，造成綠色信號非法October2000Footer/Optional90亮度信號超標的菱形顯示在上下菱形圖中間垂直線上顯示的信號光跡如果超過兩個菱形藍色線框的兩個頂點，說明白電平過高，造成亮度信號（Y）超標October2000Footer/Optional91YRGB分量信號均超標的菱形顯示YRGB

分量信號均超標October2000Footer/Optional92信號負向超標的菱形顯示顯示在“B”和“R”負方向藍色線框以外，則是藍色和紅色信號負向超標October2000Footer/Optional93

藍色(B)和紅色(R)信號負向超標October2000Footer/Optional94藍色(B)信號負向超標October2000Footer/Optional95底電平超標的菱形顯示藍色底電平過高造成圖像層次感差,畫面有霧狀感,清晰度差,畫面不透亮October2000Footer/Optional96菱形顯示菱形顯示是監測SDI信號是否超過規定的RGB分量信號標準(-35~735mv)October2000Footer/Optional97黑電平與消隱電平差稱為底電平

黑電平與消隱電平在顯像管上都使電子束不發射而呈現黑色，但兩者的電平值可以不相同黑電平是對應圖像內容而言，圖像最亮部分信號電平為白電平，最黑就是黑電平消隱電平是消隱信號脈沖頂的電平，為了消隱，它至少等于黑電平，也可以比黑電平更黑些消隱電平與黑電平之差稱為黑電平提升(即底電平)，它是針對內部信號處理而言October2000Footer/Optional98

底電平的最佳選擇底電平過高就會使圖像畫面有霧狀感而影響畫面透明度（即畫面不透）；底電平過低也會造成黑切割,畫面反差大而影響層次感根據攝像機生產廠家的推薦和有經驗的攝像師使用經驗，底電平控制在視頻電平幅度的1%左右（即5-10mv）是比較好的October2000Footer/Optional991.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorsshown(Overred)

(黑平衡不正確(偏紅)的鉆石顯示)防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調整和監視鉆石顯示–攝像機的平衡黑色中心白色頂點白色頂點AEUFebruary2010-TektronixConfidentialClassTitleV10ColorCorrectionandGamutMonitoring100鉆石顯示–攝像機平衡的紅錯誤偏離中心指示在這種情況下紅增益不正確造成色平衡錯誤偏離中心表明紅通道的黑偏移造成色平衡錯誤AEUFebruary2010-TektronixConfidentialClassTitleV10ColorCorrectionandGamutMonitoring101October2000Footer/Optional1021.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(Overred)

黑平衡不正確造成實際圖像信號偏紅的鉆石顯示防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調整和監視October2000Footer/Optional1031.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(overblue)

黑平衡不正確造成實際圖像信號偏藍的鉆石顯示防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調整和監視October2000Footer/Optional1041.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(overGreen)

黑平衡不正確造成實際圖像信號偏綠的鉆石顯示防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調整和監視October2000Footer/Optional1051.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CameragammacalibrationandgreyscaletracingAlumagrayscalesignalproducesaverticallineBalanceerrorsshownbybending防止非法彩色—攝像機的伽瑪校正和灰度跟蹤October2000Footer/Optional1061.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CameragammacalibrationandgreyscaletracingThebluechannelofthecamerahasbeengammaconfigured.Wecanseefromthebottomrightwindowofthedisplaythatthescenepictureissomewhattooblue.

該攝像機的蘭色通道已作伽瑪設置，由屏幕右下方窗口可看出場景圖像有些偏蘭

October2000Footer/Optional1071.6.5,TimingErrorswiththeDiamonddisplayBowingindicatesatimingerror彎曲指示定時錯誤Diamondcanonlyindicatetimingerrors鉆石顯示只能給出定時錯誤的指示(>20ns)October2000Footer/Optional1081.7,CompositeGamutusingArrowhead箭頭顯示SimplifiescompositegamutwithouttheneedforanencoderSelectablethresholdlimitsLumaverticalChromahorizontalSelectablePALorNTSCgraticuleUsedwithbothliveandtestsignalsAdjustableAlarmlimitsLumaChromaOctober2000Footer/Optional1091.7.1,ConstructionofArrowhead

NTSCPALOctober2000Footer/Optional1101.7.1,ConstructionofArrowhead

箭頭顯示介紹October2000Footer/Optional111931931826700651385315490-126-231-231062349041328721077O-CYCF＝Y+CF＝Y-CC167o283o241o61o103o347o308441413413441308October2000Footer/Optional1121.7.2,LumaGamutMonitoringwithArrowheadLowerLumaLimitLowerLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLumaLimitOctober2000Footer/Optional1131.7.3,GamutMonitoringComposite—ArrowheaddisplayChromaGamutLumaGamutConfigurationMenuSelectableGamutThresholdsOctober2000Footer/Optional1141.7.3,GamutMonitoringComposite—ArrowheaddisplayWhiteBlackChroma100IRELumaOctober2000Footer/Optional1151.7.3,Application–Diamonddisplay

實際圖象的箭頭顯示Arrowheaddisplaycanalsobeusedtomonitorifthevideosignalgooverthelimitinthecompositeformat.Thefigureisaexample,usingtheWFM700ArrowheaddisplayfunctiontomonitortheNTSCsignal.(箭頭顯示也可用來監視實際視頻信號在復合格式中的色域越限狀況。右圖是用WFM7100的箭頭顯示監視NTSC制實際視頻信號的實例。)October2000Footer/Optional116超標信號的箭頭顯示被測圖像信號的復合色域在垂直方向超出了721mv（103%）跡線，說明亮度信號（Y）超標；在Y+C方向的復合全電視信號也超出了800mv斜線，說明該圖像復合色域超標具體是哪種顏色超標，需根據超標信號光跡在800mv斜線以外從上到下的不同位置而定，因為斜線上自上而下分別是黃、青、綠、品紅、紅和藍色等各種顏色October2000Footer/Optional117白電平超標的箭頭顯示亮度信號正向和負向均超標October2000Footer/Optional118圖像中信號超標的部位當“超標信號突顯”功能設置后，圖像中超標部分的信號像素顯示為馬賽克，這樣就可以清楚地辯別出畫面中哪些部位的圖像信號超標.下圖中顯示為馬賽克狀態的部位就是亮度信號超標的圖像信號October2000Footer/Optional119超標圖像中哪些部位信號超標根據突顯的超標畫面位置,拍攝時或后期加工時均可對突顯部位的用光加以調整和處理,以確保畫面圖像信號技術質量October2000Footer/Optional120箭頭顯示箭頭顯示則是監測SDI信號轉換為模擬復合信號時，復合全電視信號是否超過規定的標準(800mv)October2000Footer/Optional1218,EBU-R103-2000October2000Footer/Optional1228,EBU-R103ForGamutLevelsEBU-R103–SpecifiesasetofrequirementsforGamutlimitsofasignalRGBGamutUpperLimit105%LowerLimit-5%Area1%CompositeGamutUpperLimit932mvLowerLimit-221mvArea0%LumaGamutUpperLimit103%LowerLimit-1%Area1%LowerLumaLimitLowerLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLumaLimit576X720=414’720(象素)414’720X001=4’147.2(象素)October2000Footer/Optional123

October2000Footer/Optional124數字節目技術質量監測的依據和使用的監測儀器數字節目技術質量監測，就標清節目而言，是依據最新行業標準GY/T223-2007《標準清晰度數字電視節目錄像磁帶錄制規范》中的視音頻參數相關規定，使用具有色域監測功能的監測儀對相關參數進行檢測來確保節目技術質量。例如：RGB信號幅度-35mv~735mv亮度信號(Y)幅度-7mv~721mv模擬復合信號電平最大值800mv底電平信號幅度0~50mv節目語言電平最大值≤-12dBFS節目電平最大值≤-6dBFS等在全國“金帆獎”評選中，就是依據上述視音頻參數的相關規定對節目進行客觀測試

October2000Footer/Optional125Conclusion(總結)1,SDIvs.

Analog2,Thetraditionalanalogcompositemeasurementmethodisbeingquestioned

傳統的模擬復合測試方法受到質疑3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?

“眼圖”能否監測畫面圖象質量？4,WhyisthemethodofmonitoringY,Pb/Prnotappropriate?

為何監測Y,Pb,Pr方法也不全面TheMaxandMinlevelofY,Pb/Pr

(Y,Pb和Pr的最大電平和最小電平)LegalandValid(合法與有效)5,Chromaticity(色度)6,MonitoringR,G,Bisthemostidealandscientificmethod.R,G,B才是最合理,最科學的監測方法Diamonddisplay鉆石顯示Preventingillegalcolors(如何防止非法彩色)7,CompositeGamutusingArrowhead(箭頭顯示介紹)8,EBU-R103Standard

波形監視器在節目錄制中的應立體聲,環繞聲監測October2000Footer/Optional1272,立體聲,環繞聲監測October2000Footer/Optional1282.1,LissajousDisplay左聲道和右聲道音頻信號在

X-Y軸上顯示類似矢量示波器顯示Rotateby45oX-YDisplaySoundStageDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional1292.1,LissajousDisplay幅度和相位都相同的單音頻信號幅度和相位相同，但極性相反的單音頻信號PhaseMeterIndicatescorrelationbetweenchannelsOctober2000Footer/Optional1302.1,LissajousDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional1312.1,LissajousDisplayIncorrectAmplitudeinoneofthechannelsIncorrectFrequencyinoneofthechannelsOctober2000Footer/Optional1322.1LissajousDisplay-能量分布具有很好相關性的立體聲信號左聲道信號較強的立體聲信號October2000Footer/Optional1332.1Lissaj