PAGEPAGE18鉆井工程術語termsofwelldrillingengineering（一）、井的基本概念basicconceptofawell井well井口wellhead井底holebottom井壁wellwall環空annulus井深welldepth裸眼openhole井身結構casingprogram（二）、井的類別welltype探井exploratorywell開發井developmentwell直井straightwell（三）、鉆井方法drillingmethod頓鉆鉆井cabletooldrilling旋轉鉆井rotarydrilling轉盤鉆井rotarydrilling頂驅鉆井topdrivedrilling渦輪鉆井turbodrilling螺桿鉆井Dyna-drilling電動鉆井electricdrilling（四）、鉆井種類kindsofdrilling海上鉆井offshoredrilling沙漠鉆井desertdrilling清水鉆井waterdrilling空氣鉆井airdrilling泡沫鉆井foamdrilling霧化鉆井mistdrilling平衡壓力鉆井balancedpressuredrilling欠平衡壓力鉆井underbalanceddrilling近平衡壓力鉆井nearbalanceddrilling小井眼鉆井smil-holedrilling取心鉆井coredrilling工程報廢井engineeringabandonedwell鉆井設計welldesign鉆井工程質量drillingengineeringquality鉆井工序drillingprocess鉆井進度drillingprogress鉆井條件drillingcondition（五）、巖石的物理機械性及可鉆性rockphysicalmechanicalpropertiesanddrillability巖石的物理機械性rockmechanicalproperties礦物的微硬度mineralmicrohardness巖石的微硬度rockmicrohardness巖石的硬度rockhardness肖氏巖石硬度Shore’shardness(0--140)史氏巖石硬度Shi’shardness孿晶twinning礦物的彈性模量mineralelasticmodulus巖石的彈性模量rockelasticmodulus礦物的泊松比mineralPoisson’sratio巖石的泊松比rockPoisson’sratio礦物的切變模量mineralshearmodulus巖石的切變模量rockshearmodulus礦物和巖石的體積壓縮系數（β）rockandmineralbulkcompressibilitymodulus簡單應力條件下巖石的強度rockstrengthundersimplestress復雜應力條件下巖石的強度rockstrengthundercomplexstress巖石的抗拉伸的強度rocktensilestrength巖石的直接拉伸試驗directrocktensiletest巖石的巴西劈裂抗拉伸試驗rockBraziliantest………..σt=P/(πr0t)巖石的柱形抗內壓脹裂試驗hollowcylinderbursttest巖石的常規抗壓縮強度rockcompressivestrength巖石的搗碎法壓縮試驗crushingcompressiontestforrock巖石抗壓入破碎強度rockfragmentingstrength壓模靜壓入staticimpacttest壓力面pressureface等剪應力球面isoshearsphere壓模壓入巖石時的變形曲線force-penetrationcurve巖石的抗剪切強度rockshearstrengh脆性巖石brittlerock巖石的塑性rockplasticity塑性巖石plasticrock巖石的塑性變形rockplasticdeformation巖層蠕變stratacreep牙輪鉆頭承壓面積bitbearingarea巖石的表面破碎rocksurfacefracture巖石的疲勞破碎rockfatiguefracture巖石的體積破碎rockvolumetricfracture地溫梯度geothermalgradient地應力in-situstress巖層的水平側向應力stratalateralstress巖石的微觀結構rockmicro-structure巖石的宏觀結構rockmacro-structure巖石的不均勻性rockheterogeneity巖石的各向異性rockanisotropy巖石的可鉆性rockdrillability巖石的滲透率rockpermeability巖石研磨性rockabrasiveproperties（六）鉆前工程prespudoperation定井位locationdetermination選線routeselection井場wellsite井場布置wellsitearrangement井場道路accessroadatwellsite設備安裝equipmentinstallation圓井cellar廢泥漿池wastepit;reservepit泥漿罐mudtank鉆機基礎rigfoundation樁基礎pile-supportedfoundation預制基礎pre-fabricatedfoundation現澆基礎foundationgroutedinsitu鉆機基礎設計rigfoundationdesign基礎安裝pe-fabricatedfoundationsetting基礎澆筑foundationgrouting挖基坑foundationpitexcavation基礎找平foundationlevelling基礎養護concretfoundationcuring井架derrick;mast塔形井架pyramidmast自升式井架self-erectionmast前開口式井架cantilevermast桅形井架mast井架結構參數derrickstructuralparameter井架工程高度derricknominalheight井架底尺寸derrickbasesize二層臺工程高度monkeyboardnominalheight井架大門高度v-doorheight井架構件derrickmember井架大腿derrickleg底板bottomplate橫桿girt斜桿brace聯接板connectionangleplate操作臺workingplatform指梁fingerboard二層臺rackingplatform;monkeyboard三層臺auxillaryrackingplatform天車臺rownsafetyplatform;crownrunaround天車臺人字架ginpole立管臺standpipeboard井架繃繩derrickguyline繃繩錨guylineanchor;deadman扶梯ladder鉆臺derrickfloor立根盒pipesetback;setback井架大門v-door絞車大門drawworkswindowopening擋風墻windwall塔形井架安裝pyramidderrickstanding運井架derrickmemberstransportation整理井架ripspotting穿鋼絲繩stringingup;stringup起天車crownblockhoisting放天車crownblockdismounting高空作業手erectorworkhighaboveround自升井架安裝erectionofself-erectionmast組裝井架mastassembling井架支架mastbracket起升井架mastraising起升繩raisingline底座人字架A-frameofsubstructure井架調節裝置balance-adjustingdeviceofmast井架緩沖器mastdamper整拖井架skid-mountedderrick鉆機整體拖運rigskidding校正井架derrickaligning機泵房engine-pumphousing鉆井隊野營房drillingcrewmobilecamp扒桿cantileverginpole吊臂cantilever座板bottomplate底滑輪bottomsheave臂頂滑輪cantilevertopsheave變幅滑輪cantilevertosheave起重鋼絲繩hoistingline變幅鋼絲繩amplitudeline井架安裝車A-frametruck尖柄吊扳手cuspatespanner靜力觸探車truck-mountedstaticprobedetector（七）、鉆頭選擇和使用bitselectionandapplication鉆頭選型bitselection鉆頭檢查bitinspecion鉆頭使用壽命bitlife鉆頭合理起鉆時間reasonabletimetopullthebit鉆頭過度使用overusesofbit鉆頭正常磨損bituniformwear鉆頭異常磨損bitunfavorablewear鉆頭過度磨損bitexcessivewear牙輪鉆頭軸承失效bitbearingfailure鉆頭磨損分析bitdullnessanalysis牙齒的磨損分級toohdullnessgrading軸承磨損分級bearingweargrading鉆頭直徑磨損bitgagewear鉆頭磨損特征dullbitappearance牙齒折斷toothbreakage牙齒脫落lostteeth牙齒磨損toothwear牙輪掉落conelossing牙輪破裂conecracking牙輪互咬coneinterference牙輪沖蝕cone-shellerosion牙輪曠動coneshaking牙輪卡死conelocked軸承密封失效bearingsealfailure鉆頭直徑磨小bitgaugewear噴嘴脫落nozzlelossing水眼螺紋刺壞threadpuncture水眼刺壞watercoursepuncture噴嘴刺壞nozzlepuncture噴嘴堵塞nozzleplugging中心磨損嚴重bitcentercoredout巴掌斷落shirttailbroking巴掌破裂shirttailbroking巴掌尖磨損嚴重shirt-tailseverelywornout鉆頭泥包bitballing井底落物損壞damagefromforeignmaterial（八）噴射鉆井jetdrilling噴射鉆井jetdrilling射流jetflow淹沒非自由射流submergednonfreejet沖擊射流impactjet氣蝕射流（空化射流）cavitationjet脈沖射流pulsedjet磨料射流abrasivejet射流水力參數jethydraulic射流噴速jetvelocity射流沖擊力jetimpactforce射流水功率jethydraulichorsepower射流的極點jetstagnationpoint射流的速度分布jetvelocitydistribution射流的初始段flowdevelopmentregion射流的基本段fullydevelopedflowregion射流擴散角和擴散系數jetspeedangleandspeedcoefficient射流等速核jetpatentialcore漫流crossflow漫流速度crossflowvelocity射流速度降低系數jetvelocityattenuationcoefficient射流動壓力jetdynamicpressure射流動壓力降低系數jetdynamicpressureattenuationcoefficient噴射距離jetreach凈化井底bottom-holecleaning鉆頭水力參數bithydraulic鉆頭壓降bitnozzlepressure-drop鉆頭壓降系數（Kb）bitpressuredropfactor鉆頭水功率bithydraulichorse-power鉆頭比水功率bitspecifichydraulichorsepower噴嘴nozzle噴嘴流道nozzlepassageways噴嘴流量系數nozzleflowratecoefficient等速梯形噴嘴iso-velocitygradientnozzle流線形噴嘴streamlinednozzle脈沖噴嘴pulsednozzle加長噴嘴extended-nozzle噴嘴水力特性nozzlehydraulicproperty噴嘴結構nozzleconfiguration噴嘴組合nozzlecombination單噴嘴singlenozzle雙噴嘴twonozzle不等徑組合噴嘴unequal-diameternozzle反噴嘴inversenozzle噴射角impactangle噴嘴裝置nozzlearrangement噴嘴當量直徑nozzleequivalentdiameter不等徑噴嘴最佳直徑比值optimumdiameterratioofunequaldiameternozzles鉆井液循環系統drillingfluidcirculatingsystem循環壓耗系數circulatingpressurelosscoefficient循環壓耗circulatingpressureloss臨界壓耗criticalpressureloss環空壓耗annuluspressureloss地面管匯壓耗pressurelossesinsurfaceequipment地面管匯surfaceequipment鉆井水力學drillinghydraulic鉆井液流態drillingfluidflowpattern平板層流flatlaminarflow塞流plugflow管流pipeflowZ值Zvalue平板度判別準數flatplatelevelcriterion噴射鉆井的工作方式workingregimeofjetdrilling最大鉆頭水功率工作方式maximumbithorse-powerworkingregime最大射流沖擊力工作方式maximumjetimpactforceregime最大射流噴速工作方式maximumjetvelocityworkingregime經濟水功率工作方式economichydraulichorse-powerregime最優鉆井液流量optimumflowrateofdrillingfluid最優噴嘴直徑optimumnozzlediameter臨界井深和極限井深criticalandlimitedwelldepth鉆井泵的工作狀態drillingpumpworkingregime鉆井泵的最大流量工作狀態（額定功率工作狀態）drillingpumpmaximumflowrateregime鉆井泵的調節流量工作狀態（允許壓力工作狀態）drillingpumpmaximumregulatedflowrateregime鉆井泵的臨界工作條件drillingpumpcriticalworkingcondition鉆井泵的額定壓力drillingpumpratedpressure鉆井泵的額定流量drillingpumpratedflowrate鉆井泵的額定沖數drillingpumpratedpumpingspeed鉆井泵的最大輸出功率drillingpumpmaximumdischarge鉆井泵的特性曲線pumpcharateristics鉆井泵的臨界特性曲線pumpcriticalcharacteristic鉆井泵效率pumpmechanicalefficiency鉆井泵水功率利用率pumphydraulicpowerutilizationefficiency鉆井泵壓力有用分配比值pumppressuredistributionratio能量轉換效率energyconversionefficiency井底巖面bottomholepatterns攜帶巖屑cuttingcarrying巖屑運移比cuttingtransportratio環空巖屑濃度cuttingconcentrationinannulus排屑量cuttingremovalrate排屑能力liftingcapacity巖屑上返速度cuttingrisingvelocity最低鉆井液環空返速minimumdrillingfluidannularvelocity最優環空返速optimumannularvelocity流變性rheologicalproperty流變曲線rheological流變參數rheologicalparameter稠度系數consistencyfactor流性指數flowbehaviorindex牛頓內摩擦定律Newtonˊslawofviscosity……………….F=μ.A.(du/dy)流變模型rheologicalmodel牛頓流型newtonianfluidmodel非牛頓流型non-Newtonianfluidmodel賓漢塑性流型Bingham-plasticfluidmodel冪律流型Powerlawfluidmodel假塑性流體pseudoplasticfluid膨脹性流體dilatantfluid觸變性流體thixotropicfluid震凝性流體rheopecticfluid赫茲數Hedstromnumber雷諾數Reynold’snumber臨界雷諾數criticalReynold’snumber顆粒particleReynold’snumber范寧方程Fanningequation范寧磨阻系數FanningfrictioncoefficentStanton圖Stantondiagram絕對粗糙度absoluteroughness相對粗糙度relativeroughness鉆井液黏附常數drillingfluidclingingconstant慣性效應incrtiaeffect偏心環空eccentricannulus環空偏心度annuluseccentricity顆粒滑落速度particleslipvelocity顆粒的自由滑落末速particleterminalsettingvelocity相壁效應walleffect井底流暢bottom-holeflowfield不對稱井底流暢unsymmetricbottomholeflowfield對稱井底流暢symmetricbottomholeflowfield噴射鉆井水力參數設計jetdrillinghydraulicprogram水力破巖rockcuttingbyhydraulicpower水力和機械聯合破巖combinedrock-cuttingbyhydraulicandmechanicalpower水力可鉆性曲線hydraulicdrillabilitycurve(九)優化鉆井optimizeddrilling優化鉆井技術optimumdrillingtechnique鉆井可控參數controllabledrillingparameter鉆井不可控參數controllabledrillingparameter鉆井目標函數penetrationobjectivefunction優選鉆井參數optimizingdrillingparameter最優磨損量optimumwear最優鉆壓optimumbitweight最優轉速optimumrotaryspeed鉆進過程的數學模型mathematicalmodelfordrillingprocedure目標函數模式objectivefuntionmodel鉆進成本模式drillingcostmodel鉆進速度模式drillingcostmodel二元鉆速方程bivariatedrillingrateequation多元鉆速方程multi-variatedrillingrateequation揚氏鉆速模式Young’sdrillingratemodel修正揚氏模式modifiedYoung’smodel牙齒磨速模式toothwearequation軸承磨速模式bitbearingwearequation壓差影響系數differentialpressuredrillingparameter水力參數影響系數hydraulicdrillingparameters比水功率轉換系數conversioncoefficientofspecifichydraulicpower齒高磨損比值toothheightwearratio牙齒最終磨損量finaltoothwear鉆壓影響系數bitweightinfluencecoefficient轉速影響系數rotaryspeedinfluencecoefficient牙齒磨損減慢系數toothwearinfluencecoefficient軸承磨損量bearingwear進尺效果系數drillingfootageeffectcoefficient鉆頭理論壽命theoreticalbitlife鉆頭壽命系數coefficientofbitlife鉆頭理論進尺theoreticalbitfootage極限磨損量limitwear五點法鉆速試驗“fivespot”drillofftest釋放鉆壓法releasingbitweightmethod門限鉆壓thresholdbitweight鉆壓指數bitweightexponent轉速指數rotaryspeedexponent最大允許鉆壓maximumallowableweightonbit水力臨界鉆速和水力臨界鉆壓drillingrateandweightonbitundercriticalhydraulies鉆速系數penetrationratefactor地層研磨性系數formationabrasivenessfactor牙齒磨損系數toothwearcoefficient軸承工作系數bearingworkingcoefficient鉆進成本—工時曲線drillingcostvsworkingtimecurve（十）、鉆柱、鉆井工具及儀表drillstring、drillingtoolandinstrumentation鉆具drillingtool方鉆桿kelly鉆桿drillpipe鋁合金鉆桿aluminiumdrillpipe加重鉆桿heavywalldrillpipe鉆鋌drillcollar螺旋鉆鋌spiraldrillcollar接頭joint(sub)配合接頭closeoversub鉆桿接頭drillpipetooljoint水龍頭接頭swiveltooljoint方鉆桿保護接頭kellysaversub鉆具組合drillstringassembly鉆柱drillstem復合鉆柱combinationstring滿眼鉆具packedholeassembly塔式鉆具tapereddrillstring鐘擺鉆具pendulumassembly鉆柱壓曲pipehelicalbuckling切點tangencypoint臨界鉆壓criticalweightonbit鉆柱運動方式drillstringmotionpattern鉆柱受力分析drillstringforceanalysis鉆柱拉應力drillstringtensilestress鉆柱剪應力drillstringshearstress鉆柱的工作狀態drillingstringworkingstatus鉆柱靜拉設計drillstringstatictensiledesign拉力余量overpullmargin鉆桿允許下深drillpiperateddepth上緊扭矩makeuptorque最佳上緊扭矩optimummakeuptorque鉆桿表面缺陷drillpipeamper-fection大鉗傷痕tongmark卡瓦傷痕slipmarking地層和井內金屬碎屑的切割傷痕notchingbyformationandjunk井下三器threedownholetools穩定器（扶正器）stabilizer減振器shockabsorber震擊器jar井口工具rigtool大鉗tong吊卡elevatorslip卡瓦slip安全卡瓦safetyclamps提升短節liftsub鉆頭裝卸器bitbreake指重表weightindicator自動記錄儀autographicmeter轉盤扭矩表rotarytabletorqueindicator多參數儀muti-parameteranalyzer綜合錄井儀mudloggingunit（十一）、取心鉆井coredrilling取心coring巖心core破碎地層fracturedformation松散地層unconsolidatedformation樹心coreshaping割心corecutting中途割心medium-termcorebreaking套心pickinguplostcore密閉取心液coresealingfluid鉆井取心coredrilling轉盤鉆取心rotarydrillingcoring井底動力鉆取心downholemotorcoring井壁取心sidewallcoring取心方法coringmethod常規取心conventionalcorings短筒取心shortbarrelcoring中筒取心mediumbarrelcoring長筒取心longbarrelcoring大斜度井取心highly-deviatedwellcoring水平井取心horizontalcoring繩索式取心wirelinecoring特殊取心specialcorings密閉取心sealingcoring保壓取心pressure-retainedcoring定向取心orientedcoring取心工具coringtool自鎖式取心工具self-locktypecoringtool加壓式取心工具load-typecoringtool砂卡式取心工具sand-jammedcoringtool定向井取心工具directionalwellcoringtool多用途取心工具multi-purposecoringtool反循環取心工具thruoutsideventtrersecirculationcoringtool橡膠套取心工具rubbersleevecoringtool金屬絲套取心工具metalwiresleevecoringtool密閉取心工具sealedcoringtool保壓取心工具pressure-tetainedcoringtool定向取心工具orientedcoringtool取心工具的主要部件coringtoolmainpart取心安全接頭corngsafetyjoint旋轉總成swivelassembly;bearingassembly懸掛接頭hangingjoint軸承盒bearingretainer瀉壓球pressurefeliefpllug巖心筒穩定器corebarrelstabilizer巖心筒corebarrel內巖心筒innercorebarrel外巖心筒outercorebarrel支撐節supportsub機械加壓接頭mechanicalloadingjoint巖心爪corecatcher卡箍巖心爪corecatherwithslip-collar壓縮式巖心爪compression-typecorecatcher卡板巖心爪corecatcherwithslipslab卡瓦巖心爪corecatcherwithslip籃式巖心爪corebasket全封閉巖心爪fullclosurecorecatcher鉆頭端軸承bitendbearing取心工具輔助件accessarycoringcomponent取心鉆頭裝卸器coringbitbreaker巖心鉗coretong取球器ballpick-uptool間隙尺clearancegouge巖心標（引心套）coremarker取心提升短節coringhandlingsub取心質量指標coringqualityindexs巖心收獲率corerecoverypercentage巖心長corerecoverypercentage取心進尺footagecored單筒取心進尺footagecoredperbarrel平均單筒取心進尺averagefootagecoredperbarrel巖心密閉率coresealingpercentage巖心保壓率pressure-retainedcorepercentage照相成功率photographsuccesspercentage巖心定向成功率coreorientationsuccesspercentage卡心jarmmedcore堵心blockedcore磨心coregrinding外環隙outerannulusclearance中環隙middleannulusclearance內環隙innerannulusclearance軸向間隙axialclearance爪心環隙corecatcherannulusclearance取心鉆頭口徑比corebitID/IO(十二)、鉆進工藝drillingtechniques鉆進drillingtechniques鉆進技術drillingtechnique鉆進參數drillingparameter鉆壓weightonbit單位鉆頭直徑鉆壓weightonbitperunitlengthbitdiameter比鉆壓specificweightonbit懸重和鉆重freehangingweihtandhookloadwhiledrillng大鉤載荷hookload轉速rotaryspeed流量flowrate鉆進扭矩（瞬時）torquewhiledrillng鉆進最大扭矩maximumtorquewhiledrillng中性截面neutralcross–section穩定力stabilizingpower開鉆spudin完鉆drilledwell送鉆feedoff方入和方余kelly–inandkelly–up進尺penetrtionfootage行程鉆速roundtrippenetrationrate鉆時drillingtime機械鉆速penetrationrate鉆時drillingtime劃眼redressing倒劃眼backredressing擴眼reaming;underream蹩鉆bitbouncing跳鉆bitjumping停鉆stopdrilling頓鉆drillstringfreefall溜鉆drillstringnotwellbraked打倒車reverserotation通井wipertrip放空drillingbreak吊打easingthebitin糾斜holestraihtening鉆水泥塞drillout鉆開油氣層drillin縮經tighthole井經擴大holeenlargement單根single雙根double替根alternatingpipe吊單根pickingupsingle接單根makingaconnection起下鉆rountrip短起下鉆shorttirp起鉆錯扣alternatingbreaksundertripoutcondition倒換鉆具swechingwithinstrings活動鉆具drillstringmovement-rexciprocationVS.rotation甩鉆具breakdown換鉆頭bitchanging灌鉆井液fillinthehole起空車runningwithemptyblocks穿大繩stringupdrillingline倒大繩stringandoutoffdrillingline快繩fastline死繩deadline鼠洞rathole小鼠洞mousehole拉貓頭catlinepulling鉆具刺穿washout蹩泵pumpchokingup循環鉆井液circulatingdrillingfluid地面循環surfacecirculation地質循環ciculatingforgeologicobservation循環周circulationcircle處理鉆井液drillingfluidtreatment司鉆操作臺driller`sconsole井史wellhistory鉆井日報表dailydrillingreport鉆井班報表tourreport鉆井液班報表drillingfluidtourreport鉆頭記錄bitrecord鉆具記錄drillingstringrecord（十三）、定向鉆井directionaldrilling定向井directionalwell叢式井clusterwell救援井reliefwell多底井muti-borewell多目標定向井muti-targetdirectionalwell大斜度井（60—86）highanglewell水平井（86—）horizontalwell斜直井slanthole井眼軌道welltrajectory靶心target靶區targetarea靶區半徑radiusofthetargetarea設計總水平位移plannedtotalorientaldisplacement設計總垂深plannedtruetotalveticaldepth設計方位plannedtargetbearing造斜點kickoffpoint最大井斜角maximuminclinationangle造斜工具diflectionangle定向器whiostock彎接頭bentsub井底動力鉆具（井底馬達）doenholemotor渦輪鉆具turbodrill螺桿鉆具positivedisplacementmudmotor連續導向動力鉆具組合steerabledownholemotorassembly定向接頭orientationsub無磁鉆鋌nonmagneticdrkllcollar變向器rebeltool承壓鉆桿compressiveservicepipe電纜側入接頭side-entrusub高壓循環頭highpressurecirculatinghead定向orientation定向下鉆orientedgo-in扭方位correctionrun工具面toolface工具面角toolfaceangle裝置角toolfacesettingangle動力鉆具反扭角reactivetorqueofthemudmotor井眼方位漂移bitwalk提前角leadangle裝置角圖解法regelanddiagram造斜kickoff增斜buikdup穩斜inclinationholdingangle降斜dropoff連續導向鉆井系統steerabledrillingsystemin井斜變化率inclinationchangerate方位變化率azimuthchangerate全角變化率overallchangerate造斜率builduprate鉆頭傾角bittiltangle側鉆sidetrack裸眼側鉆anopenholesidetracking套管開窗側鉆cssingsidetracking切割套管側鉆casingmilledsidetracking單點測斜儀singlesurveyinstrument磁性單點照相測斜儀magneticsingleshotsurveyinstrument磁性多點照相測斜儀magneticmutipleshotsurveyinstrument陀螺單點照相測斜儀singleshotorientationsystem陀螺多點照相測斜儀gyroscopicmuti-shotorientationsystem地面自動記錄陀螺測斜儀surfacerecordinggyroscopicsystem有線隨鉆測斜儀wirelinesteeringtool無線隨鉆測斜儀（MWD）messurementwhiledillingsystem井斜角inclinationangle方位角azimuthangle測深measureddepth垂深veticaldepth測點surveypoint陀螺定向gyro-orientatin(GO)陀螺漂移gyro-drift曲率半徑法radiusofcurvaturemethod最小曲率法minimumcurvaturemethod井身垂直投影圖boreholeverticalprofile井身水平投影圖boreholeprofile水平位移（閉合距）closuredisplacement:horizontaldisplacement視平移verticalsectiondisplacement閉合方位角closureazimuth靶心距off-targetdistance（十四）、鉆井液及完井液drillingandcompletiondrillingfluid鉆井液drillingfluid鉆井液分類drillingfluidclassification鉆井液體系drillingfluidsystem不分散鉆井液體系non-disperseddrillingfluidsystem分散鉆井液體系disperseddrillingfluidsystem鈣處理鉆井液體系calcium-treateddrillingsystem聚合物鉆井液體系polymerdrillingfluidsystem常規鉆井液體系conventionaldrillingfluidsystem陽離子聚合物鉆井液cationicpolymerdrillingsystem低固相鉆井液體系low-solidsdrillingfluidsystem鹽水鉆井液體系salinedrillingfluidsystem飽和鹽水鉆井液saturedsaltwaterdrillingsystem鹽水鉆井液saltwaterdrillingfluid完井及修井液體系completionandworkoverfluidsystem油基鉆井液體系oil-basedrillingfluidsystem反乳化鉆井液體系invertedemulsiondrillingfluid低膠質油基鉆井液low-collodaloil-basedrillingfluid氣體鉆井流體體系airdrillingfluidsystem干氣（鉆井流體）dryairdrillingfluid霧化鉆井流體mistdrillingfluid穩定泡沫stablefoam充氣鉆井液aerateddrillingfluid抑制性鉆井液inhabitivedrillingfluid混油鉆井液oil-beardrillingsystem開鉆泥漿spudmud鉀基石灰鉆井液potassium-limedrillingfluid無粘土鉆井液clay-freedrillingsystem加重鉆井液weighteddrillingfluid未加重鉆井液non-weighteddrillingfluid修井液workoverdrillingfluid清潔鹽水cleanbrine活性水activewater清掃液sweepfluid鉆井液性能drillingfluidpropertied濾失性filtrateqalities濾失量filtratelosssAPI濾失量（FL）APIfiltrateloss高溫高壓濾失量HTHPfiltrateloss動濾失量dynamicfiltrateloss靜濾失量staticfiltrateloss瞬時濾失量spurtloss濾餅filtratecake濾餅厚度filtercakethickness濾餅強度cakeconsistency內泥餅interiorcake泥餅摩擦系數cakefricatinalcoefficient鉆井濾液drillingfluidfiltrate濾液鉀基橙堿度filtratemethylorangealkalinity濾液酚酞堿度（pf）filtrate(pf)phenolphthaleinalkalinity鉆井液酚酞堿度mud(pm)phenolphthaleinalkalinity鉆井液粘度drillingfluidviscosity漏斗粘度funnelviscosity剪切速率shearrate剪切應力shearstressAPI表觀粘度（AV）APIapprentviscosity朔性粘度（PV）plasticviscosity動切力（YP）yeildpoint動朔比yeildpoint-plasticviscosityratio切力gelstrength初切力initialgelstrength終切力finalgelstrength觸變性thixotropy剪切降粘shearthinning當量循環密度equivalentcirculatingdensity鉆井液密度drillingfluiddensity固體含量solidcontent懸浮固體含量suspendedsolidcontent含砂量sandcontent膨潤土含量bentonitecontent含鹽量saltcontent含油量oilcontent含氣量gascontent鉆井液污染drillingfluidcontamination固相污染solidcontamination粘土侵claycontaminating砂侵sandcontaminating鹽污染saltcontamination鈣污染calciumcontamination石灰侵limecontaminating石膏侵gypsumcontaminating碳酸鹽污染carbonatecontamination硫化氫污染hydrgonsulfidecontamination氣侵gascontaminating細菌污染bacateriacontamination鉆井液潤滑性drillingfluidlubricity鉆井液電穩定性drillingfluidstability鉆井液均化drillingfluidtighteningup鉆井液老化drillingfluidageing固相控制solidcontrol鉆屑cutting砂sand泥silt膠體粒子colloidalpartical稀釋法dilutionmethod置換法displacementmethod底流排量bottomflowrate底流密度bottomflowdensity傘狀流sparydischarge造漿率yield頁巖穩定指數shalestabilityindex鉆井液設計drillingfluiddesign鉆井液配方drillingfluidformulation配漿drillingfluidprepatation鉆井液混合設備drillingfluidmixingequipment鉆井液測試設備drillingfluidtestingmethodandinstrument泥漿密度計mudscale馬氏漏斗marshfunnel直讀式旋轉粘度計direct-indicatorviscometer范式粘度計Fann’sviscometer范50型粘度計Fann-50viscometer毛細管粘度計capillaryviscometer切力計shearometer濾失儀filterpressAPI濾失儀APIfilterpress高溫高壓失水儀 HTHPfilterpress含砂量計sand-contentset電穩定性測定儀electicalstabilitymeter鉆井液蒸餾器drillingfluidretort電阻率計sesistivitymeter滾子加熱爐rolleroven鉆井液潤滑儀drillingfluidlbricitytester鉆井液處理劑drillingfluidadditivesPH控制劑pHcontroladditives殺菌劑biocides除鈣劑calciumremovers緩蝕劑corrosioninhibitor消泡劑dfoamers乳化劑emulsifiers堵漏材料lostcirculationmaterials絮凝劑flocculants潤滑劑lubricant降濾失劑filtratereducers;fluidlossreducers防泥包劑ballinginhibitor極壓潤滑劑extreme-pressurelubricant摩阻降低劑fricitionreducer解卡劑pipe-freeingagent頁巖擬抑劑shale-controlagent表面活性劑surfactant降粘劑thinner解絮劑deflocculant分散劑dispersant增粘劑viscosifier膨潤土bentonite未處理膨潤土untreatedbentonite凹凸棒石attapulgite海泡石sepiolite有機土prganophilicclay預水化膨潤土pre-hydnatedbentoniteslurry粘土增效劑clayextender增效膨潤土extendedbentonite高造降率般土highyeildbentonite加重材料weightingmaterials溫度穩定劑temperaturestabilzingagent鉆井液蹤劑drillingfluidtracer鉆井液常規處理drillingfluidroutineprocess鉆井液轉化處理drillingfluidbreakoverprocess原漿rawmud基漿basemud;basicmud聚集作用aggregation聚集體aggregate絮凝作用flocculation絮凝物flocculate解絮作用deflocculation解膠作用peptization聚合物polymer生物降解biodegradation聚電解質polyelectrolyte聚陰離子polyanion聚陽離子polycation兩性聚電解質amphotericpolyelectrolyte酸敗souring(十五)、油氣井壓力控制wellpressurecontrol鉆井液柱壓力hydrostaticpressure地層破裂壓力formationfracturepressure壓力當量密度pressureequivalentdensity地層壓力檢測porepressureprediction正常地層空隙壓力趨勢線normalporepressuretrendline地震層速度法seismicreflectionmethod聲波時差法intervaltraveltimemethod機械鉆速法penetrationratemethodd指數法d-exponentmethoddc指數法（修正的d指數法）dc-exponentmethod標準化鉆速法normalizeddrillingratemethod頁（泥）巖密度法shaledensitymethod溢流觀測法takeakick氣測錄井法gaslog氯化物檢測法chloridelog鉆井液錄井法drillingfluidlog出口溫度檢測法return-linetemperaturedetection出口溫度flow-linetemperature井底循環溫度bottom-holecirculatingtemperature井底靜止溫度bottom-holestatictemperature化石資料法paleo-information測井檢測法wireinglog地層破裂壓力預報方法fromationfraturepressureprediction漏失試驗法leak-offtest黃氏法（黃榮樽）Huang’smethod鉆井液當量循環密度equivalentcirculatingdensity井底循環壓力bottom-holecirculatingpressure井底靜止壓力bottom-holestaticpressure附加壓力tripmargin當量深度equivalentdepth鉆柱排代量drillstringdisplacement激動壓力surgepressure抽汲壓力swabpressure氣體上竄gaschannelling溢流、井涌kick甲烷溢流methanekick硫化氫溢流hydrogensulfidekick預警時間warningtime井噴wellblowout地下井噴undergroundblowout井噴失控out-of-controlblowout循環池液體增量pitgain壓力過渡帶pressuretransitionzone壓井wellkilling關井shut-in硬關井“hard”shut-in軟關井“soft”shut-in壓井方法killmethod工程師法（等候加重法）engineerˊsmethod司鉆法（二次循環法）drillingˊsmethod邊加重邊循環concurrentmethod空井壓井topkill(volumetric)置換式壓井法displacementmethod反循環壓井reservecirculatetokill戴帽子壓井法hattingkillwellmethod下封隔器壓井killingbybottomholepacker節流循環circulatingbyadjustablechoke防噴設備和工具blowoutcontrolequipmentanddevices防溢管bellnipple鉆井液流量計drillingfluidflowmeter泵沖數計pump-strokecounter真空除氣器vacuumtypedegasser硫化氫檢測儀hydrogensulfidedetector灌鉆井液灌triptank井噴失控的處理out-of-controlblowoutsolutions搶裝井口installingcontrolequipmentatwellhead扣裝法搶裝井口wellheadbuckling-up-installing翻轉法搶裝井口wellheadturning-up-installing整體吊裝法搶裝井口entirewellheadinstalling換井口套管leakingcasingreplacement油氣井滅火方法oilwellfireextinguishing噴射水流滅火法jetextinguishingmethod爆炸滅火法explosiveextinguishingmethod化學滅火法chemicalagentextinguishingmethod空氣滅火法pressurizedairextinguishingmethod(十六)、鉆井事故及處理drillingaccidentsandtreatments鉆井井下事故downholedrillingaccident卡鉆pipesticking泥包卡鉆balling-upsticking砂橋卡鉆sandbridgesticking沉砂卡鉆solidssettlingsticking鍵槽卡鉆keyseatsticking垮塌卡鉆sloghingholesticking壓差卡鉆differentialpressuresticking小井眼卡鉆undergaugeholesticking縮徑卡鉆formationexpandingsticking頓鉆卡鉆drillstringfree-fallsticking落物卡鉆junkinholesticking水泥卡鉆cementjunk落物事故junkaccident鉆具事故drillingstemaccident斷鉆具drillingstembreaking斷套管casingbreaking掉鉆具drillpipefalling掉套管casingfalling落魚fish魚頂fishtop魚頂井深fishtopdepth魚長fishlength魚底井深fish-bottomdepth井噴事故blowoutaccident頓鉆事故drillstringfall溜鉆事故not-wellbrakewhiledrillstring滑扣threadslipping脫扣twist-off井下事故處理工具oilwellfishingtools落物打撈工具junkfishingtool強磁打撈器fishingmagnet反循環打撈籃reversecirculationjunkbasketwithmagnetinsert鋼絲打撈筒junkbasketwithwirelinecatcher一把抓poorboyjunkbasket;devil’shand打撈杯bootbasket鉆具打撈工具drillingstringcatchingtools卡瓦打撈筒releasingandcirculatingovershot打撈矛fishingspear公錐tapertap母錐boxtap引子接頭leadingjoint解卡工具pipefreeingtools測卡車freepointindicatortruck爆炸系統stringshotassembly測卡車井口工具wellheadtoolforfreepointandindicatortruck防噴盒linewiper鉆桿旋轉工具drillrodrotatingdevices鉆桿旋轉頭drillrodrotationhead三通接頭three-wayconnector震擊工具impacttool隨鉆震擊器drillingjar超級上擊器superdrillingjar閉式下擊器lubricatedfishingbumpersub套銑工具washovertool銑鞋rotaryshoe套銑管washoverpipe打撈套銑工具washoverbackoffconnector機械式內割刀mechaneticintercutter水力式外割刀hydraaulicexternalcutter化學切割工具chemicalcuttools爆炸切割工具jetcuttools磨銑工具mil