ArcticHero---theStoryofMatthewHenson(典范6-16)ByAlisonHawesIntroductionIn1909ablackAmericanexplorercalledMatthewHensonhelpedtodiscovertheNorthPole.ThisstorytellsyouhowMatthewbecameanexplorerandthedangershefacedinthebittercoldoftheArctic.Chapter1:RunningAwayAsaboy,Matthewalwayslongedforadventure.Whenhewasabout12yearsold,heranawaytosea.Hejoinedashipasacabinboy,peelingpotatoesandcleaningthedecks.Whenheleft,attheageof18,hehadalreadytraveledtheworld.Chapter2:MatthewMeetsRobertPearyAfewyearslaterMatthewwasworkinginashopwhenhemetanexplorercalledRobertPeary.Robertofferedhimajob,ashisservant,workinginthejunglesofCentralAmerica.Matthewwaskeentotravelagain,sohetookthejob.Whiletheywereinthejungle,oneofRobert’ssurveyteamfellintosomequicksand.Themanwassofrightened,helefttheexpedition.Matthewaskedifhecouldtakeovertheman’sjob,andheneverworkedasaservantagain.Afterworkinginthestickyheatofthejungle,Robert’snexttripwastothebittercoldoftheArctic.HeaskedMatthewtocomewithhimasamemberofhisteam.HeandMatthewthenspentthenext18yearsexploringtheArctictogether.Chapter3:MatthewinGreenlandTheybeganbymakingseveraltripstoGreenland,wheretheInuitpeople(因紐特人，過去稱為愛斯基摩人，居住在北美北部嚴(yán)寒地區(qū))helpedthemtolearntheskillstheyneededtosurviveintheArctic.MatthewquicklylearnedtospeakInuitandbecamegoodfriendswiththepeople.Theycalledhim“Matthew-the-kind-one”(好人馬修).Theylearnedhowtofishforcharr（嘉魚）andhuntforseals.Theylearnedtobuildigloos（雪屋）andmakeclothesandbootsfromanimalskins.Theyalsolearnedtobuildsledges（雪橇）anddriveteamsofhuskydogs.Infact,Matthewsoonbecameanexpert（專家）sledgedriver.MatthewandRoberttraveledacrosstheunexploredicefieldsinthenorthofGreenland.TheymademapsandhelpedtoshowthatGreenlandisanisland.Theyalsofoundthreeenormous（巨大的）meteorites（隕石）.ButevenwithhelpfromtheInuit,theArcticwasadangerousplaceforRobertandMatthewtobe（生存）.Oncetheywereouthuntingwhenamuskoxsuddenlychargedat（向…沖去）Robert.Justintime,MatthewsavedRobert’slife.Heshottheoxwithhislastbullet.Anothertimetheywerehundredsofmilesfromcampwhentheyranoutoffood.Theywerecoldandweak,andamantravelingwiththemwasdangerouslyill.Intheendtheyhadtoeattheirdogsor（否則）starvetodeath.Chapter4:TotheNorthPoleDespite（盡管=inspiteof）thedangers,RobertandMatthewbravelywentbacktotheArcticagain.Thistimetheywantedtodosomethingnoonehadeverdonebefore.TheywantedtotrytoreachtheNorthPole.ButontheirfirstattemptRobert’sfeetbecamebadlyfrostbitten（嚴(yán)重凍傷）.Robertwasinsuchpainthathecouldn’twalkorevenstand.Assoonastheycouldtravel,Matthewstrapped（捆綁）Roberttoasledgeandrushed250milestobasecamp（大本營）,wheretherewasadoctor.ThedoctorhadtotakeoffeightofRobert’stoes.ButstillRobertandMatthewwouldnotgiveup.ThreemoretimestheytriedtoreachthePole.Eachtimetheygotcloserthanbefore.Buteachtimetheywerebeatenbackbyblizzards（暴雪）ormeltingice.Chapter5:OneLastChanceIn1908RobertandMatthewsailedfromNewYorktomaketheirfifthattempttoreachthePole.Buttheyagreed（達(dá)成共識）,becauseoftheirage,thattheywouldmakethistheirlasttriptotheArctic.ThiswouldbetheirlastchancetoreachtheNorthPole!Ontheirwaynorth,theystoppedinGreenlandtobuythehuskies,fursandequipment（設(shè)備）thattheyneeded.TheyalsovisitedseveralvillagestohireInuitmenandwomentocomewiththemandhelpthemontheirlastjourney.Astheirshipsailedfurthernorth,theseabegantofreezeover.Atfirsttheshipwasabletocutthroughtheice,butastheicegotthickertheysometimeshadtousedynamite（炸藥）tohelpthembreakthrough.Intheendtheseaicewasjusttoothickandtheycouldgonofurther.SotheysetuptheirbasecamponanislandoffthecoastofCanada（靠近加拿大海岸線的）.TheyspentthewintergettingreadyfortheirlastattempttoreachthePole.Inthespringtheywerereadytosetout.Robertputthemenintoteamsandtheybegansettingupalineofcampsacrosstheseaice.Ateachcamptheyleftfood,equipmentandigloosforRobertandMatthewtouseontheirwaybackfromthePole.Butthiswasnoteasy.Timeandtimeagaintheywereheldupbytheiceandthebadweather.Attimestheicewassojaggeditbroketheirsledges.Othertimesitwassohighthattheyhadtodragtheirheavysledgesoveritbyhand.Theicecreakedandmoanedandcrackedopenwithoutwarning.OnceRobertwasgoingtosleepwhenheheardanoise.Lookingoutside,hesawacrackopenuparoundoneoftheotherigloos!HeandMatthewshoutedtothemenwhojusthadtimetoleaptosafety（差點來不及跳到安全的地方）.Whentheywere130milesfromthePole,theysetuptheirlastcamp.Robertsentthelastsupportteambacktobasecamp,astheywerenolongerneeded.Then,withMatthewandfourInuitmen,hesetoffonthelastlegoftheirjourneyto（踏上他們?nèi)ネ淖詈笠欢温烦蹋﹖hePoleitself.Foroncetheicewassmoothandtheweathergood,andforthenextfewdaysthesixmenmadegoodspeed.But,justafewmilesfrom（就在離…幾英里的地方）thePole,Matthewsuddenlyfellthroughtheice.Luckilyoneofthemenwasclosebyandpulledhimoutbeforehedrowned.LaterthatdaythesixmenreachedthePole.Itwas6thApril1909.Afteryearsofhardwork,disappointmentsanddanger,RobertandMatthewhaddoneit（成功了）atlast.TheywerethefirstpeopleevertostandattheNorthPole!Chapter6:BackHomeMatthewandRobertarrivedbackinNewYorkmonthslater,expectingtobetreatedasheroes.Butthiswasnottobe.Whiletheywereaway,amancalledFrederickCookhadclaimedtohavereachedtheNorthPolebeforethem!Intheend,Cook’sclaimwasshowntobeahoax.Robert,beingtheleaderoftheexpedition,wasrewardedwiththefameandmedalshedeserved（配得到，應(yīng)得的）.ButsadlyinAmericaatthattime,blackpeopleweregivenlittlerespect.So,atfirst,Matthewwasnotrewardedforhispart（發(fā)揮的作用）intheexpedition.Chapter7:RewardedatLastItwasn’tuntil（直到…才）hewasanoldmanthatMatthewwasgivenanyrewardsforhispartinreachingtheNorthPole.Andevennow,yearsafterhisdeath,theworldisstillonlyjustlearningaboutthisgreatexplorer.In2000thegreatestmedalanexplorercouldeverwishfor---theHubbardmedal---wasawardedtoMatthew’snieceonMatthew’sbehalf.MatthewHenson---themanwhohelpedtodiscovertheNorthPole---wouldnowberememberedbypeopleallovertheworld!MoreinformationaboutMatthewHensonIn1998afilmcalledGloryandHonor（《光榮與榮譽(yù)》，中文譯名又為《極地悍將》）wasmade,cla