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ArcticHero---theStoryofMatthewHenson(典范6-16)ByAlisonHawesIntroductionIn1909ablackAmericanexplorercalledMatthewHensonhelpedtodiscovertheNorthPole.ThisstorytellsyouhowMatthewbecameanexplorerandthedangershefacedinthebittercoldoftheArctic.Chapter1:RunningAwayAsaboy,Matthewalwayslongedforadventure.Whenhewasabout12yearsold,heranawaytosea.Hejoinedashipasacabinboy,peelingpotatoesandcleaningthedecks.Whenheleft,attheageof18,hehadalreadytraveledtheworld.Chapter2:MatthewMeetsRobertPearyAfewyearslaterMatthewwasworkinginashopwhenhemetanexplorercalledRobertPeary.Robertofferedhimajob,ashisservant,workinginthejunglesofCentralAmerica.Matthewwaskeentotravelagain,sohetookthejob.Whiletheywereinthejungle,oneofRobert’ssurveyteamfellintosomequicksand.Themanwassofrightened,helefttheexpedition.Matthewaskedifhecouldtakeovertheman’sjob,andheneverworkedasaservantagain.Afterworkinginthestickyheatofthejungle,Robert’snexttripwastothebittercoldoftheArctic.HeaskedMatthewtocomewithhimasamemberofhisteam.HeandMatthewthenspentthenext18yearsexploringtheArctictogether.Chapter3:MatthewinGreenlandTheybeganbymakingseveraltripstoGreenland,wheretheInuitpeople(因紐特人,過去稱為愛斯基摩人,居住在北美北部嚴(yán)寒地區(qū))helpedthemtolearntheskillstheyneededtosurviveintheArctic.MatthewquicklylearnedtospeakInuitandbecamegoodfriendswiththepeople.Theycalledhim“Matthew-the-kind-one”(好人馬修).Theylearnedhowtofishforcharr(嘉魚)andhuntforseals.Theylearnedtobuildigloos(雪屋)andmakeclothesandbootsfromanimalskins.Theyalsolearnedtobuildsledges(雪橇)anddriveteamsofhuskydogs.Infact,Matthewsoonbecameanexpert(專家)sledgedriver.MatthewandRoberttraveledacrosstheunexploredicefieldsinthenorthofGreenland.TheymademapsandhelpedtoshowthatGreenlandisanisland.Theyalsofoundthreeenormous(巨大的)meteorites(隕石).ButevenwithhelpfromtheInuit,theArcticwasadangerousplaceforRobertandMatthewtobe(生存).Oncetheywereouthuntingwhenamuskoxsuddenlychargedat(向…沖去)Robert.Justintime,MatthewsavedRobert’slife.Heshottheoxwithhislastbullet.Anothertimetheywerehundredsofmilesfromcampwhentheyranoutoffood.Theywerecoldandweak,andamantravelingwiththemwasdangerouslyill.Intheendtheyhadtoeattheirdogsor(否則)starvetodeath.Chapter4:TotheNorthPoleDespite(盡管=inspiteof)thedangers,RobertandMatthewbravelywentbacktotheArcticagain.Thistimetheywantedtodosomethingnoonehadeverdonebefore.TheywantedtotrytoreachtheNorthPole.ButontheirfirstattemptRobert’sfeetbecamebadlyfrostbitten(嚴(yán)重凍傷).Robertwasinsuchpainthathecouldn’twalkorevenstand.Assoonastheycouldtravel,Matthewstrapped(捆綁)Roberttoasledgeandrushed250milestobasecamp(大本營),wheretherewasadoctor.ThedoctorhadtotakeoffeightofRobert’stoes.ButstillRobertandMatthewwouldnotgiveup.ThreemoretimestheytriedtoreachthePole.Eachtimetheygotcloserthanbefore.Buteachtimetheywerebeatenbackbyblizzards(暴雪)ormeltingice.Chapter5:OneLastChanceIn1908RobertandMatthewsailedfromNewYorktomaketheirfifthattempttoreachthePole.Buttheyagreed(達(dá)成共識),becauseoftheirage,thattheywouldmakethistheirlasttriptotheArctic.ThiswouldbetheirlastchancetoreachtheNorthPole!Ontheirwaynorth,theystoppedinGreenlandtobuythehuskies,fursandequipment(設(shè)備)thattheyneeded.TheyalsovisitedseveralvillagestohireInuitmenandwomentocomewiththemandhelpthemontheirlastjourney.Astheirshipsailedfurthernorth,theseabegantofreezeover.Atfirsttheshipwasabletocutthroughtheice,butastheicegotthickertheysometimeshadtousedynamite(炸藥)tohelpthembreakthrough.Intheendtheseaicewasjusttoothickandtheycouldgonofurther.SotheysetuptheirbasecamponanislandoffthecoastofCanada(靠近加拿大海岸線的).TheyspentthewintergettingreadyfortheirlastattempttoreachthePole.Inthespringtheywerereadytosetout.Robertputthemenintoteamsandtheybegansettingupalineofcampsacrosstheseaice.Ateachcamptheyleftfood,equipmentandigloosforRobertandMatthewtouseontheirwaybackfromthePole.Butthiswasnoteasy.Timeandtimeagaintheywereheldupbytheiceandthebadweather.Attimestheicewassojaggeditbroketheirsledges.Othertimesitwassohighthattheyhadtodragtheirheavysledgesoveritbyhand.Theicecreakedandmoanedandcrackedopenwithoutwarning.OnceRobertwasgoingtosleepwhenheheardanoise.Lookingoutside,hesawacrackopenuparoundoneoftheotherigloos!HeandMatthewshoutedtothemenwhojusthadtimetoleaptosafety(差點來不及跳到安全的地方).Whentheywere130milesfromthePole,theysetuptheirlastcamp.Robertsentthelastsupportteambacktobasecamp,astheywerenolongerneeded.Then,withMatthewandfourInuitmen,hesetoffonthelastlegoftheirjourneyto(踏上他們?nèi)ネ淖詈笠欢温烦蹋﹖hePoleitself.Foroncetheicewassmoothandtheweathergood,andforthenextfewdaysthesixmenmadegoodspeed.But,justafewmilesfrom(就在離…幾英里的地方)thePole,Matthewsuddenlyfellthroughtheice.Luckilyoneofthemenwasclosebyandpulledhimoutbeforehedrowned.LaterthatdaythesixmenreachedthePole.Itwas6thApril1909.Afteryearsofhardwork,disappointmentsanddanger,RobertandMatthewhaddoneit(成功了)atlast.TheywerethefirstpeopleevertostandattheNorthPole!Chapter6:BackHomeMatthewandRobertarrivedbackinNewYorkmonthslater,expectingtobetreatedasheroes.Butthiswasnottobe.Whiletheywereaway,amancalledFrederickCookhadclaimedtohavereachedtheNorthPolebeforethem!Intheend,Cook’sclaimwasshowntobeahoax.Robert,beingtheleaderoftheexpedition,wasrewardedwiththefameandmedalshedeserved(配得到,應(yīng)得的).ButsadlyinAmericaatthattime,blackpeopleweregivenlittlerespect.So,atfirst,Matthewwasnotrewardedforhispart(發(fā)揮的作用)intheexpedition.Chapter7:RewardedatLastItwasn’tuntil(直到…才)hewasanoldmanthatMatthewwasgivenanyrewardsforhispartinreachingtheNorthPole.Andevennow,yearsafterhisdeath,theworldisstillonlyjustlearningaboutthisgreatexplorer.In2000thegreatestmedalanexplorercouldeverwishfor---theHubbardmedal---wasawardedtoMatthew’snieceonMatthew’sbehalf.MatthewHenson---themanwhohelpedtodiscovertheNorthPole---wouldnowberememberedbypeopleallovertheworld!MoreinformationaboutMatthewHensonIn1998afilmcalledGloryandHonor(《光榮與榮譽(yù)》,中文譯名又為《極地悍將》)wasmade,cla
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