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小試牛刀——

基本技巧2:邏輯關系小試牛刀——

基本技巧2:邏輯關系英語九年級完形填空3邏輯關系課件英語九年級完形填空3邏輯關系課件生活中常見的邏輯陷阱邏輯陷阱之一:輕率概括(HastyGeneralization)用片面的觀點看待整體問題。比如說,蕭敬騰每次去一個地方開演唱會,那個地方就下雨,于是大家都稱他為“雨神”。那就犯了“輕率概括”的毛病。因為蕭敬騰有幾次演唱會下雨,就把這幾次巧合當做成一個事實。再比如說,我們取快遞的時候,因為有幾次遇到的快遞小哥都不負責,就認為所有的快遞都不靠譜。

生活中常見的邏輯陷阱邏輯陷阱之二:預設謬誤(fallacyofpresumption)在提問的時候就已經做了一個錯誤的假設。比如有人問你:三十歲還是單身,請問你壓力大嗎?表面上的問題是“你壓力大嗎?”其實還隱含另一個假設:三十歲的人不應該單身。再比如,女朋友問你:“我減不了肥,怎么辦?”這時候,如果你回答“你再胖我都喜歡你”,那就中招了——女朋友這句話,也有一個隱含的假設:“我現在很胖。”所以,這個問題,本身就是一個邏輯陷阱。最好的回答是:誰說你胖了?

邏輯陷阱之二:預設謬誤(fallacyofpresump邏輯陷阱之三:訴諸權威(appealtoauthority)運用得最廣泛的邏輯陷阱是“訴諸權威”,也就是盲從地認同權威的主張。比如廣告詞里面經常出現的“某某專家、某某機構權威認證”。然后你會發現,這里說的專家,其實是其他領域的專家,跟他認證的品牌沒有半毛錢關系。但很多人被“專家”“機構”這樣的詞匯迷惑住了。邏輯陷阱之三:訴諸權威(appealtoauthori邏輯陷阱之四:簡單歸因(Simpleattribution)意思是把原因簡單化。你知道攝影師最煩的問題是什么嗎?“你這張照片拍的真好!用什么相機拍的啊?”攝影師拍一張照片,會考慮光影、色彩、構圖、快門、光圈等因素,而那些不懂攝影的人,卻覺得“他們就是相機買得好”。

邏輯陷阱之四:簡單歸因(Simpleattributio邏輯陷阱之五:虛假兩難(Falsedichotomy)最讓男人頭疼的問題,莫過于「我和你媽媽同時落水,你先救誰」了。不知道這個問題是誰發明的,但可以肯定的是:要么這個人不懂邏輯,要么是太懂邏輯了。因為,這個問題在邏輯上稱為“虛假兩難”,又叫假兩難推理(Falsedichotomy),它把所有的可能性都屏蔽掉了,只給你兩種選擇。就像《電鋸驚魂》里面的劇情一樣。邏輯陷阱之五:虛假兩難(Falsedichotomy)邏輯陷阱之六:樹稻草人(Makethescarecrow)事情的前提與結論之間毫無邏輯關聯。有一次,我在朋友圈吐槽說:現在的小學生作業多得做不完,為什么那些家長還要給孩子買更多的練習題呢?然后表姐回了一句:這些練習題既然出版了,總是要人去買啊!給孩子買練習題,本身沒錯;出版社出版練習題,也沒錯;但是,因為他們出版了、所以我們就要去買,這個邏輯就毫無關聯可言。

邏輯陷阱之六:樹稻草人(Makethescarecro邏輯陷阱之七:人身攻擊(personalremark)“人身攻擊”,顧名思義就是根據個人的主觀意愿、針對他人及身體的文字、言論攻擊。如果放在邏輯思維層面,就是通過貶低對方的方式,證明對方是錯誤的。比如:他是個懶鬼/賭徒/渣男,他說的話,你還能相信嗎?比如:在里約奧運會游泳比賽后,霍頓無端說孫楊是“用藥的騙子”,借此來證明孫楊不是他的對手,這就犯了“人身攻擊”的謬誤。

邏輯陷阱之七:人身攻擊(personalremark)邏輯陷阱之八:滑坡謬誤(Slipperyslope)簡單來說,這種邏輯陷阱特別夸張,將因果關系串連起來,把“可能”當做是“絕對”。比如小明的父母說,你這次必須考100分,不然以后進不了好高中;進不了好高中,就讀不了好大學、找不到好工作;最后只能掃大街。難道你想一輩子掃大街嗎?越往后,越夸張。如果我們再順著這個邏輯走下去,全宇宙的和平都岌岌可危了。

邏輯陷阱之八:滑坡謬誤(Slipperyslope)英語九年級完形填空3邏輯關系課件一、常見邏輯關系的講解常見邏輯關系講解本句之間上下句之間段落之間一、常見邏輯關系的講解常見邏輯關系講解本句之間上下句之間段落(一)本句之間的邏輯關系

指那些只需要讀懂空缺所在句便可填出答案的題目例題:Wecannotseetheclouds,ther_______andthestars.(一)本句之間的邏輯關系(一)本句之間的邏輯關系

指那些只需要讀懂空缺所在句便可填出答案的題目例題:Wecannotseetheclouds,ther_______andthestars.(一)本句之間的邏輯關系(一)本句之間的邏輯關系

指那些只需要讀懂空缺所在句便可填出答案的題目例題:Wecannotseetheclouds,ther_______andthestars.解析:此句中有并列連詞and把clouds,空缺處和stars連接起來,所以要填的詞,應該是和云彩,星星相并列的在天空中的名詞,答案應該是rainbow。(一)本句之間的邏輯關系(二)上下句之間的邏輯關系

指根據上下文的內容,經過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目,此類題型包括前置性設空(即根據上文有關內容即可確定答案的題目)和后置性設空(指那些需要根據下文內容才能選出正確答案的題目)

前置性設空例題1:Atreefallsdown,thenthesecond.Peoplechopthemtomakef______andpaper.(二)上下句之間的邏輯關系(二)上下句之間的邏輯關系

指根據上下文的內容,經過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目,此類題型包括前置性設空(即根據上文有關內容即可確定答案的題目)和后置性設空(指那些需要根據下文內容才能選出正確答案的題目)

前置性設空例題1:Atreefallsdown,thenthesecond.Peoplechopthemtomakef______andpaper.(二)上下句之間的邏輯關系(二)上下句之間的邏輯關系

指根據上下文的內容,經過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目,此類題型包括前置性設空(即根據上文有關內容即可確定答案的題目)和后置性設空(指那些需要根據下文內容才能選出正確答案的題目)

前置性設空例題1:Atreefallsdown,thenthesecond.Peoplechopthemtomakef______andpaper.解析:該空缺處有and連接,所以要填的空應該是和paper并列的名詞,然后根據前文中“一個又一個樹倒下來”,樹木可以制作家具和紙張,所以,空缺處應該填furniture。(二)上下句之間的邏輯關系例題2:Therewillbeafiredrill(演習)attwoo’clockintheafternoon.Whenyouhearthea____,pleaseleaveyourclassroomsandgototheplayground.例題2:例題2:Therewillbeafiredrill(演習)attwoo’clockintheafternoon.Whenyouhearthea____,pleaseleaveyourclassroomsandgototheplayground.例題2:例題2:Therewillbeafiredrill(演習)attwoo’clockintheafternoon.Whenyouhearthea____,pleaseleaveyourclassroomsandgototheplayground.解析:上文中有“下午兩點鐘有火警演習”的提示,所以應該是聽到“警報”之后,離開教室去操場,由此,可以推斷出答案是alarm.例題2:后置性設空例題1:Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstopw_____.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.后置性設空后置性設空例題1:Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstopw_____.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.后置性設空后置性設空例題1:Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstopw_____.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.解析:根據下文“如果沒有水的話,人活不過幾天的時間”,所以上文沒有水的話,人的身體將會停止運轉,由此,可以推斷出空缺處應該是working。后置性設空例題2:“Isanybodythere?”Millieasked.N______answered.Theylistenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.例題2:例題2:“Isanybodythere?”Millieasked.N______answered.Theylistenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.解析:根據下文“他們又再次聽到了奇怪的噪聲”,所以剛才的提問沒有人應答,由此,可以推斷出答案是Nobody。例題2:(三)語篇之間的邏輯關系例題:OneSundaymorning,MillieandAmywenttoSunshinePark.Theylovetochatthere.Asusual,theysatunderthebigtree.Suddenly,theyheardawhisperfromthebushesbehindthetree.Theyturnedaroundbutcouldnotseeanythingunusual.Theyranawayquickly.Ontheirway,theysawAndy.'Whathappened?'Andyasked.'There'saghostinthepark.Pleasehelpus,'Milliesaid.'Really?Tellmemore,'Andysaid.MillietoldAndyeverything.Andywenttothepark,stoodbesidethetreeandlistenedcarefully.Thenheheardthewhisper!Helookedbehindthetreeandheardanotherwhisper.Hewasnowsurethesoundcamefromthebushes.Hesearchedcarefully.(三)語篇之間的邏輯關系'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaidtohimself.Hefoundalittlecatinthebushes.Itwasveryweak.Whenitmiaowed,itmadeasoundlikeawhisper.AndyputthelittlecatintoaboxandwenttofindMillieandAmy.Theywerestillfrightened.Andyopenedtheboxandshowedthemthe'ghost'.'Thisistheghostinthepark,'Andysaid.MillieandAmyweresurpriseditwasalittlecat!L_____thatday,theytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenter.Peopleinthecanterwouldtakecareofit.ThefollowingSunday,MillieandAmywenttoSunshineParkagainandhadagreattimethere.Theywerenotafraidanymore.

'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaid'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaidtohimself.Hefoundalittlecatinthebushes.Itwasveryweak.Whenitmiaowed,itmadeasoundlikeawhisper.AndyputthelittlecatintoaboxandwenttofindMillieandAmy.Theywerestillfrightened.Andyopenedtheboxandshowedthemthe'ghost'.'Thisistheghostinthepark,'Andysaid.MillieandAmyweresurpriseditwasalittlecat!L_____thatday,theytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenter.Peopleinthecanterwouldtakecareofit.ThefollowingSunday,MillieandAmywenttoSunshineParkagainandhadagreattimethere.Theywerenotafraidanymore.

解析:這是一篇記敘文,且文中有asusual,suddenly,then,等表示時間的副詞,所以空缺也應該填一個表示“順承”的時間副詞,又是以L開頭,所以應該填Later。'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaid二、上下句之間的常見邏輯對立并列/遞進因果條件舉例時間目的二、上下句之間的常見邏輯對立并列/遞進因果條件舉例時間目的對立關系:包括讓步和轉折,對立表示前后句意思對立相反。讓步翻譯成“雖然,盡管,即使”;轉折翻譯成“但是,然而”,一般出現在后一句。例1:

________It’sawidehouse,itisdark.A.However B.Although C.If D.Because

對立關系:對立關系:包括讓步和轉折,對立表示前后句意思對立相反。讓步翻譯成“雖然,盡管,即使”;轉折翻譯成“但是,然而”,一般出現在后一句。例1:

________It’sawidehouse,itisdark.A.However B.Although C.If D.Because

例題分析:

讓步關系,后一句“它很黑暗。”那么隱藏邏輯應該是前句“房子很小”。事實卻是“房子很wide寬”。前后句意思相反,表示“盡管,雖然”,選B。對立關系:例2:AndtherearebeautifulbeacheshereinGalicia,althoughthereprobablyis79onthematthemoment.79.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody

例2:Andtherearebeautifulbe例2:AndtherearebeautifulbeacheshereinGalicia,althoughthereprobablyis79onthematthemoment.79.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody

例題分析:D。前一句“這里有漂亮沙灘”,那就應該后一句是“人多”,但是有個although,所以為“人多”的反義,即“沒人”。

例2:Andtherearebeautifulbe例3:Inyourclassroom,youhavelearnedtoread“fast.”_______,outsideoftheclassroom,youshouldtrytolearntoread“slow.”80.A.Forexample B.Finally C.However D.What’smore

例3:Inyourclassroom,youhave例3:Inyourclassroom,youhavelearnedtoread“fast.”_______,outsideoftheclassroom,youshouldtrytolearntoread“slow.”80.A.Forexample B.Finally C.However D.What’smore

例題分析:轉折,前一句“在你的教室里,讀得快”。后一句“在你的教室外,讀得慢。”前后兩句“里外,快慢”是兩對對立的關系,“然而,但是”,選C。例3:Inyourclassroom,youhave例4:Hewassenttohospitalimmediately,butthedoctorsbelievedthathemight81getwell.81.A.never B.ever C.always D.sometimes

例4:Hewassenttohospitalimm例4:Hewassenttohospitalimmediately,butthedoctorsbelievedthathemight81getwell.81.A.never B.ever C.always D.sometimes

例題分析:A。前一句“被送到醫院”,后一句應該為“能治好”,但是“but”表明“治不好”,所以選A。例4:Hewassenttohospitalimm2.并列遞進并列:指的是句子與句子之間在語義上相互關聯,在句子結構上趨于相同,在句子成分上地位相當的關系。翻譯成“和”。例5:Editorsreadthroughthestoriestocorrectmistakes.They

82

writeheadlinesandcaptions(圖片說明).82.A.also B.never C.always D.hardly

2.并列遞進2.并列遞進并列:指的是句子與句子之間在語義上相互關聯,在句子結構上趨于相同,在句子成分上地位相當的關系。翻譯成“和”。例5:Editorsreadthroughthestoriestocorrectmistakes.They

82writeheadlinesandcaptions(圖片說明).82.A.also B.never C.always D.hardly

例題分析:A前一句Editors通讀故事以改正錯誤,后一句They(editors)寫標題和圖片說明,前后兩句都是編輯做的兩件事情,相同的動賓結構,表并列,翻譯成“和”。2.并列遞進例6:Notonlyhasshedoneallofthese83,butsincetheageof5,CalistahashelpedoutasmuchasshecanatalloftheSpecialOlympicseventsshegoesto.83.A.gently B.luckily C.silently D.successfully

例6:Notonlyhasshedoneall例6:Notonlyhasshedoneallofthese83,butsincetheageof5,CalistahashelpedoutasmuchasshecanatalloftheSpecialOlympicseventsshegoesto.83.A.gently B.luckily C.silently D.successfully

例題分析:D。Notonly…but(also)表并列,but后內容表明為D。例6:Notonlyhasshedoneall遞進:指后一句以前一句為基點,并在程度上或范圍上比前一句有更進一層的語義關系,翻譯為“甚至,更,還,并且,而且”。例7:Flexibilityisthemainadvantage.Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire.___76____,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace.76.A.Inreturn B.Firstofall C.What’smore D.Asaresult

遞進:指后一句以前一句為基點,并在程度上或范圍上比前一句有更遞進:指后一句以前一句為基點,并在程度上或范圍上比前一句有更進一層的語義關系,翻譯為“甚至,更,還,并且,而且”。例7:Flexibilityisthemainadvantage.Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire.___76____,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace.76.A.Inreturn B.Firstofall C.What’smore D.Asaresult

例題分析:前一句“(網校讓)學生們可以隨時隨地去上學。”后一句是“網校將允許學生們以他們自己的速度去行事”。后一句進一步說明了前一句“網校”的靈活性,表示“并且”,選C。遞進:指后一句以前一句為基點,并在程度上或范圍上比前一句有更例8:Helikedthecourse.Besides,Yang’sclasswassointerestingthathealwayslistenedcarefully,never76whethertheotherstudentswerepayingattentionornotinclass.A.caringabout B.playingwith C.gettingreadyfor D.dependingon

例8:Helikedthecourse.Besid例8:Helikedthecourse.Besides,Yang’sclasswassointerestingthathealwayslistenedcarefully,never76whethertheotherstudentswerepayingattentionornotinclass.A.caringabout B.playingwith C.gettingreadyfor D.dependingon

例題分析:A。“前一句的總聽得很仔細。”例8:Helikedthecourse.Besid3.因果:因果關系包括原因和結果,因果指的是前后文在語義上存在原因與結果的關系。“原因”出現在第一句,翻譯為“因為、由于、既然”;“結果”出現在后一句,翻譯成“所以、才、以致、因此、那么”。例9:___84___waterissoimportant,youmightwanttoknowwhetheryou'redrinkingenough.84.A.If

B.While

C.Although

D.Since

3.因果:因果關系包括原因和結果,因果指的是前后文在語義上3.因果:因果關系包括原因和結果,因果指的是前后文在語義上存在原因與結果的關系。“原因”出現在第一句,翻譯為“因為、由于、既然”;“結果”出現在后一句,翻譯成“所以、才、以致、因此、那么”。例9:___84___waterissoimportant,youmightwanttoknowwhetheryou'redrinkingenough.84.A.If

B.While

C.Although

D.Since

例題分析:前一句“水這么重要”,后一句“你可能想知道是否你喝了足量的水。”前后兩句應為“既然水如此重要,那么我們想要知道自己喝的水夠不夠(還要不要補充對身體重要的水)”。前后為因果,出現在第一句為“因為”,只有D的since可以表“因為,既然”,選D。3.因果:因果關系包括原因和結果,因果指的是前后文在語義上例10:

Soon,Jamiecametothedoorandlookedatme78becauseshedidn’texpectmyvisit.78.A.inahurry B.withpleasure C.insurprise D.withcare

例10:Soon,Jamiecametothed例10:

Soon,Jamiecametothedoorandlookedatme78becauseshedidn’texpectmyvisit.78.A.inahurry B.withpleasure C.insurprise D.withcare

例題分析:C。后一句的“因為她沒料到我的到來”。

例10:Soon,Jamiecametothed4.條件:表示有了某一種條件才能出現某種結果;沒有這個條件,就不會出現這種結果,翻譯成“只要、只有、除非、不管”。例11:83youdon’tunderstandaquestion,asktheinterviewertorepeatorexplain.83. A)Unless B)If C)Until D)As

4.條件:表示有了某一種條件才能出現某種結果;沒有這個條件4.條件:表示有了某一種條件才能出現某種結果;沒有這個條件,就不會出現這種結果,翻譯成“只要、只有、除非、不管”。例11:83youdon’tunderstandaquestion,asktheinterviewertorepeatorexplain.83. A)Unless B)If C)Until D)As

例題分析:后一句“問面試官重復或解釋”,“問”是在前一句“你不懂的”情況下發生的,懂的話就不用問了,所以為條件,選B,“如果”。4.條件:表示有了某一種條件才能出現某種結果;沒有這個條件例12:Ifyoudothesethings85,the'shyness'snakewillsoonbegintoleaveyoualone.85.A)forawhile B)forthefirsttime C)intheend D)inaminute

例12:Ifyoudothesethings8例12:Ifyoudothesethings85,the'shyness'snakewillsoonbegintoleaveyoualone.85.A)forawhile B)forthefirsttime C)intheend D)inaminute

例題分析:A。后一句的soon,表示過一會兒。為了與之對應,選擇A。例12:Ifyoudothesethings85.舉例:通過列舉有代表性的、恰當的事例來使想表達的意思讓別人理解得更清晰明白和有說服力。例13:Yourbodyhaslotsofjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.___82___,yourbloodneedsalotofwatertocarryoxygentoeverypartofyourbody.Wateralsohelpstoprotect…82.A.Inaddition B.Forexample C.Bytheway

D.Inotherwords

5.舉例:通過列舉有代表性的、恰當的事例來使想表達的意思讓5.舉例:通過列舉有代表性的、恰當的事例來使想表達的意思讓別人理解得更清晰明白和有說服力。例13:Yourbodyhaslotsofjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.___82___,yourbloodneedsalotofwatertocarryoxygentoeverypartofyourbody.Wateralsohelpstoprotect…82.A.Inaddition B.Forexample C.Bytheway

D.Inotherwords

例題分析:B。第一句“你的身體需要水來運轉”,第二句“水運送氧氣到身體的各部位”,第三句“水還幫你……”。二三句都是距離說明水如何幫身體運轉的。

5.舉例:通過列舉有代表性的、恰當的事例來使想表達的意思讓6.時間:時間邏輯表明另一句子動作發生或進行的時間。例14:

82

yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.82.

A)Since

B)When

C)Until

D)Although

6.時間:時間邏輯表明另一句子動作發生或進行的時間。6.時間:時間邏輯表明另一句子動作發生或進行的時間。例14:

82

yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.82.

A)Since

B)When

C)Until

D)Although

例題分析:前一句“_______對你自己充滿自信”,后一句“你一定能面對任何困難”。6.時間:時間邏輯表明另一句子動作發生或進行的時間。7.目的:預先設想的某行為的可能目標和結果。例15:Countyoursteps85youknowhowfaryouhavegoneandnoteanylandmarkssuchastowerblocksorhillswhichcanhelptofindoutwhereyouare.85.A)though B)since C)sothat D)when

7.目的:預先設想的某行為的可能目標和結果。7.目的:預先設想的某行為的可能目標和結果。例15:Countyoursteps85youknowhowfaryouhavegoneandnoteanylandmarkssuchastowerblocksorhillswhichcanhelptofindoutwhereyouare.85.A)though B)since C)sothat D)when

例題分析:C。“數腳步”的目的是“findoutwhereyouare.”7.目的:預先設想的某行為的可能目標和結果。【總結】句間邏輯類型

常考邏輯關系詞對立關系讓步:although,though,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof

“雖然,盡管,即使,即便,不管”轉折:but,however,yet,while,insteadof,not…..but“然而,但是”并列遞進

并列:and,andalso,or,similarly,aswellas,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,thesame……as;ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers“和/或/也,一方面……另一方面”遞進:also,then,besides,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,what’smore

“還,甚至,并且,另外”【總結】句間邏輯類型常考邏輯關系詞對立關系讓步:al【總結】句間邏輯類型

常考邏輯關系詞因果因為:because,for,since,as,dueto,thanksto,becauseof,nowthat,forthisreason

“因為,由于”所以:thus,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,asaresult“所以”條件if,unless,aslongas“如果,除非,只要,要是”舉例suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them)“例如,比如”時間when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until/till,assoonas,atthesametime,everytime,bythetime目的inorderthat,sothat,soasto,inorderto“為了,以便,以致于”【總結】句間邏輯類型常考邏輯關系詞因果因為:beca三、段落之間的常見邏輯并列總分對立三、段落之間的常見邏輯并列總分對立1.對立關系:一般放在段落首句表示與前一段的主旨思想對立相反。例1:“Drinkyourmilk.It’sgoodforyou!”You’veprobablyheardthatmanytimes,andit’strue.Milkcontainscalcium(鈣),whichisnecessaryforkeepingbonesandteethhealthyandstrong.TheUSgovernmenteven

80

milkaspartoftheNationalSchoolLunchProgram,sayingthatstudentsshoulddrinkonecupoffat-freeorlow-fatmilkeverymeal.

However,agroupofdoctorsaskedthegovernmenttotakeitawayfromthelunchprogram.TheUS‘PhysicianCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine(PCRM)’says,“Milkishighinsugar,fatandanimalprotein,”allofwhicharenotso81tohealth.…80.A)requires

B)refuses C)drinks

D)stops81.A)harmful B)beautiful C)helpful D)awful1.對立關系:一般放在段落首句表示與前一段的主旨思想對立相1.對立關系:一般放在段落首句表示與前一段的主旨思想對立相反。例1:“Drinkyourmilk.It’sgoodforyou!”You’veprobablyheardthatmanytimes,andit’strue.Milkcontainscalcium(鈣),whichisnecessaryforkeepingbonesandteethhealthyandstrong.TheUSgovernmenteven80milkaspartoftheNationalSchoolLunchProgram,sayingthatstudentsshoulddrinkonecupoffat-freeorlow-fatmilkeverymeal.

However,agroupofdoctorsaskedthegovernmenttotakeitawayfromthelunchprogram.TheUS‘PhysicianCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine(PCRM)’says,“Milkishighinsugar,fatandanimalprotein,”allofwhicharenotso81tohealth.…80.A)requires

B)refuses C)drinks

D)stops81.A)harmful B)beautiful C)helpful D)awful

例題分析:80.A。復習句間邏輯,前面的even表“遞進”,前幾句都是正向詞,所以為正向。81.C。段落邏輯,由段首的轉折詞However可以看出與上一段的“對身體有好處”是相反的,即,“對身體沒有好處”,所以此空選C。1.對立關系:一般放在段落首句表示與前一段的主旨思想對立相2.并列遞進:指文章某一段是為了與前一段的內容相呼應,表示一種并列或更深一步說明的遞進關系。例2:Agypsyfamilymayhaveasmanyastenchildren.Thechildreninagypsyfamilywilloftenlearndifferentskills.Theylearnhowtohuntforfood,identifydifferentplantsinthewild,andcook,fromayoungage.

80,gypsieslearntoplayinstrumentsanddanceatayoungage.Alotoftimeisspentwithmusic.IdonotknowifIwouldliketobeagypsy.Ienjoygoingtoschoolverymuch,andIfeellikeIwouldhavefewerfriendsifmyfamilymovedaroundsomuch.80.A)Aboveall B)Also C)Afterall D)Instead2.并列遞進:指文章某一段是為了與前一段的內容相呼應,表示2.并列遞進:指文章某一段是為了與前一段的內容相呼應,表示一種并列或更深一步說明的遞進關系。例2:Agypsyfamilymayhaveasmanyastenchildren.Thechildreninagypsyfamilywilloftenlearndifferentskills.Theylearnhowtohuntforfood,identifydifferentplantsinthewild,andcook,fromayoungage.

80,gypsieslearntoplayinstrumentsanddanceatayoungage.Alotoftimeisspentwithmusic.IdonotknowifIwouldliketobeagypsy.Ienjoygoingtoschoolverymuch,andIfeellikeIwouldhavefewerfriendsifmyfamilymovedaroundsomuch.80.A)Aboveall B)Also C)Afterall D)Instead

例題分析:80.B。下文繼續也是learnto…,所以承接上段的內容,所以為also。2.并列遞進:指文章某一段是為了與前一段的內容相呼應,表示例3:Oneadvantageofspeakingmorethanonelanguageisthatyoucancommunicatedirectlywithmorepeoplearoundtheworld.Youdonothavetodependonotherstotalkforyou,soyou’remore77.Peoplewhoknowonlyonelanguagemustuseotherstohelpthemcommunicate.

78,speakingasecondlanguagealsoallowspeopletoexperienceotherculturesandcustomsmoreeffectively.Localexpressions,vocabularyandevenjokescanhaveapowerfuleffectonaperson’sunderstandingofanotherculture.So,knowingmorethanonelanguage79increasesyourknowledgeofothercultures.77.A.independent B.excited C.bored D.interested78.A.Forexample B.InawordC.What’smore D.Inthisway例3:Oneadvantageofspeaking例3:Oneadvantageofspeakingmorethanonelanguageisthatyoucancommunicatedirectlywithmorepeoplearoundtheworld.Youdonothavetodependonotherstotalkforyou,soyou’remore77.Peoplewhoknowonlyonelanguagemustuseotherstohelpthemcommunicate.

78,speakingasecondlanguagealsoallowspeopletoexperienceotherculturesandcustomsmoreeffectively.Localexpressions,vocabularyandevenjokescanhaveapowerfuleffectonaperson’sunderstandingofanotherculture.So,knowingmorethanonelanguage79increasesyourknowledgeofothercultures.77.A.independent B.excited C.bored D.interested78.A.Forexample B.InawordC.What’smore D.Inthisway例題分析:77.A。復習句間,從so可知答案在上句,上句為“不用依靠別人”,所以“獨立”。78.C。此段承接上文,從另一個角度闡述了解多種語言的好處,因此為遞進。例3:Oneadvantageofspeaking3.總分:指第一段總起,文章的下面各段都是在具體解釋說明第一段的內容。Inone'slife,onespendsthemosttime---beingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou

fail

,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon'tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself(徹悟自我),youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow

whattodo

.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation(自我欣賞).Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.

When

yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.3.總分:指第一段總起,文章的下面各段都是在具體解釋說明第Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto

83

yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon'tbehurt.Whenyouare

sad

,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon'tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85

cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.83.

A)takecareof

B)bekindto

C)bepleasedwith

D)dependon85.

A)Noone

B)Everyone

C)Someone

D)AnyoneTogetathoroughunderstandinTogetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto

83

yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon'tbehurt.Whenyouare

sad

,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon'tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85

cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.83.

A)takecareof

B)bekindto

C)bepleasedwith

D)dependon85.

A)Noone

B)Everyone

C)Someone

D)Anyone分析:此文為典型的總分結構,第一段講“人不了解自己,如果都不了解自己可能會失去很多機會”。第二段講“認識自己”,第三段講“自我欣賞”,第四段講“要自愛”。最后第五段總結,了解自己后就可以掌控人生,發現人生的美好。83.A

。本段段落內為總分總的結構,從最后一句的總結lookafter可以得出答案為takecareof。85.A。本文主旨是“要了解自己,認識自己,自我欣賞,自愛”,關鍵詞是“自己”,所以最后一段為“沒有其他人可以告訴你未來會怎樣?”,只有“全面了解自我”。Togetathoroughunderstandin【總結】段落間邏輯類型

常考邏輯關系詞對立讓步:although,though,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof“雖然,盡管,即使,即便,不管”轉折:but,however,yet,while,insteadof,not…..but“然而,但是”并列遞進

并列:and,andalso,or,similarly,aswellas,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,thesame……as;ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers“和/或/也,一方面……另一方面”遞進:also,then,besides,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,what’smore

“還,甚至,并且,另外”總分suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them)“例如,比如”【總結】段落間邏輯類型常考邏輯關系詞對立讓步:alt英語九年級完形填空3邏輯關系課件【句間邏輯1】1.

shewastooyoungtobecomearealvolunteeratthemoment,Calistafoundanotherwayshecoulddotohelp.A)But B)Because C)Although D)moreover

2.Theseflatshavesmallrooms:alivingroom,abathroomandabedroom,

abalcony(陽臺),

everythingiscarefullyplannedtomakegooduseofthelimitedspace.A)but B)even C)aswellas D)orA)though B)thus C)as D)but

【句間邏輯1】【句間邏輯1】1.

shewastooyoungtobecomearealvolunteeratthemoment,Calistafoundanotherwayshecoulddotohelp.A)But B)Because C)Although D)moreover

2.Theseflatshavesmallrooms:alivingroom,abathroomandabedroom,

abalcony(陽臺),

everythingiscarefullyplannedtomakegooduseofthelimitedspace.A)but B)even C)aswellas D)orA)though B)thus C)as D)but

練習答案:CCD【句間邏輯1】【句間邏輯2】Hewouldmakeoneperson

backwardwhileanotherpersonstoodbehindandcaughthim.A)fly B)jump C)lie D)fall2.

Teensisaweeklynewspaper,theprocessisnearlythesameasadailynewspaper's.A)Since B)When C)Whether D)Although3.Attheageof12,hestartedhismodelingcareer.

,thisjobdidnotlastlongbecausehislookbecametoo“mainly”afterseveralyears.A)inaddition B)However C)Lateron D)Instead

【句間邏輯2】【句間邏輯2】Hewouldmakeoneperson

backwardwhileanotherpersonstoodbehindandcaughthim.A)fly B)jump C)lie D)fall2.

Teensisaweeklynewspaper,theprocess

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